丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能...抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响_崔锦.pdf

猪营养NO.02 202340饲料研究 FEED RESEARCH丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响崔锦1 杨倩茹2 朱宽佑1 刘永祥1 徐秋良1*（1.河南牧业经济学院，河南 郑州 450046；2.河南省养猪协会，河南 郑州 450001）摘要：试验旨在研究日粮中添加丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响。选取（211）日龄健康断奶仔猪240头，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，每个重复20头猪。A组（对照组）仔猪饲喂基础日粮，B组、C组、D组分别在基础日粮中添加15、30、60 g/t丁酸梭菌。试验期35 d。结果显示，与对照组相比，C组仔猪断奶第35 d的体重显著提高（P0.05）。试验第135 d，C组仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重显著增加（P0.05），料重比显著降低（P0.05）。与对照组相比，各试验组仔猪断奶第15、35 d血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量显著提高（P0.05），C组、D组仔猪断奶第36 d血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量显著提高（P0.05）。与对照组相比，C组、D组仔猪断奶第15 d血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著提高（P0.05），C组仔猪断奶第35 d血清T-AOC显著提高（P0.05）；C组、D组仔猪断奶第15、35 d血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P0.05）；各试验组仔猪断奶第35 d血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P0.05）。与对照组相比，各试验组仔猪断奶第15、35 d盲肠绒毛高度（VH）显著提高（P0.05），C组盲肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（VH/CD）显著提高（P0.05）；各试验组仔猪回肠VH、VH/CD显著提高（P0.05），回肠隐窝深度（CD）显著降低（P0.05）。研究表明，添加3060 g/t丁酸梭菌可提高断奶仔猪生长性能，提升机体免疫功能和抗氧化能力，促进肠道发育。关键词：丁酸梭菌；断奶仔猪；生长性能；血清免疫功能；抗氧化能力；肠道形态中图分类号：S 828 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-2813（2023）02-0040-06 Doi：10.13557/ki.issn1002-2813.2023.02.008Effect of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance，immune function，antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology of weaned pigletsCUI Jin YANG Qian-ru ZHU Kuan-you LIU Yong-xiang XU Qiu-liangAbstract:The experiment was to study the effect of adding Clostridium butyricum in diet on growth performance,serum immune function,antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets.A total of 240 healthy weaned piglets at the age of(211)d were randomly divided into four groups,with three replicates in each group and 20 piglets in each replicate.Piglets in group A(control group)were fed with basal diet,and piglets in group B,group C and group D were fed with basal diet supplemented with 15,30 and 60 g/t Clostridium butyricum,respectively.The test period was 35 d.The results showed that the average daily weight gain of piglets in group C and group D was increased significantly on the 15th to 35th day of experiment(P0.05).The average daily feed intake and average daily gain of piglets in group C was significantly increased(P0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased(P0.05).Compared with control group,the serum IgG content of piglets in each test group were significantly increased on the 15th and 35th day of weaning(P0.05),and the serum IgA contents of piglets in group C and group D were significantly increased on the 35th day of weaning(P0.05).Compared with control group,the serum T-AOC of piglets in group C and group D was significantly increased on the 15th day of weaning(P0.05),and the serum T-AOC of piglets in group C was significantly increased on the 35th day of weaning(P0.05).The activity of SOD and CAT in serum of piglets in group C and group D were significantly increased on the 15th and 35th day of weaning(P0.05),the serum MDA content of piglets in each test group decreased significantly on the 35th day of weaning(P0.05),Compared with control group,the caecum VH of piglets in each test group increased significantly on the 15th and 35th day of weaning 第一作者：崔锦，硕士，讲师，研究方向为微生物资源创新利用。通信作者：徐秋良，博士，副教授。基金项目：河南省科技攻关项目（项目编号：222102110225）收稿日期：2022-08-11猪营养NO.02 202341饲料研究 FEED RESEARCH(P0.05),and the caecum VH/CD in group C increased significantly(P0.05).The ileal VH and VH/CD of piglets in each experimental group were significantly increased(P0.05),and the ileal CD was significantly decreased(P0.05).The study indicates that adding 3060 g/t of Clostridium butyricum to diet can increase the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of weaned piglets in the later period,improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of piglets,and promote intestinal development.Key words:Clostridium butyricum;weaned piglets;growth performance;immune function;antioxidant capacity;intestinal morphology近年来，微生态制剂作为具有“替抗”潜力的新型添加剂之一，受到广泛关注。2013年我国将丁酸梭菌列入饲料添加剂目录。丁酸梭菌在畜禽肠道中能够产生丁酸、乳酸等多种有益物质，具有促生长、抗氧化和提高免疫力等功能1-3，其代谢产物丁酸还可作为营养物质促进肠道上皮组织细胞再生和修复4。丁酸梭菌形成芽孢，具有较好的抗逆性5-6。仔猪断奶后因养分来源、环境和生产制度改变，容易造成肠道功能障碍，影响营养物质的消化和吸收，导致仔猪采食量降低、腹泻等情况7-8，影响生产性能和仔猪健康。目前，关于丁酸梭菌提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、促进肠道健康、增强机体免疫和抗氧化能力等方面的研究较多，但研究效果不一9-11。本试验在断奶仔猪日粮中添加丁酸梭菌，探讨丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长、免疫、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响，为丁酸梭菌在断奶仔猪生产中的应用提供参考。1材料与方法1.1试验材料丁酸梭菌由大连三仪动物药品有限公司提供，活菌数为3109 CFU/g。基础日粮由河南省诸美种猪育种集团提供。1.2试验设计选取“长大”二元杂交断奶仔猪240头，随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每重复20头猪。A组（对照组）仔猪饲喂基础日粮，B组、C组、D组分别在基础日粮中添加15、30、60 g/t丁酸梭菌。试验从仔猪断奶（211）d开始，试验期35 d。基础日粮组成及营养水平见表1。1.3饲养管理试验在河南省诸美种猪育种集团繁育三场进行。试验各组各重复在同一栋保育舍内不同保育栏进行，各组饲养管理条件一致。试验期仔猪自由采食与饮水，按照养殖场常规饲养管理和免疫。1.4测定指标及方法1.4.1生长性能准确记录试验期内每天每个重复仔猪的采食量，试验第1、15、36 d，仔猪空腹称重，计算仔猪断奶后第114、1535、135 d的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。平均日增重=(末重-初重)/饲养天数(1)平均日采食量=总采食量/饲养天数(2)料重比=总采食量/总增重(3)1.4.2血清免疫和抗氧化指标试验第15 d和36 d，试验猪空腹称重，各组随机选择5头仔猪，共20头仔猪，仔猪颈静脉注射戊巴比妥钠（50 mg/kg BW）溶液麻醉，颈动脉放血致死，采集血液样本10 mL/头，分离血清，-20 保存。免疫指标：免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体3（C3）和补体4（C4）。抗氧化指标：超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）。免疫指标和抗氧化指标均采用上海酶联生物科技有限公司的相应试剂盒检测，检测步骤按照试剂盒操作说明书进行。1.4.3肠道形态试验第15 d和36 d，试验猪采血后，取相同位置盲表1基础日粮组成及营养水平 原料组成玉米豆粕乳清粉鱼粉血浆蛋白粉石粉磷酸氢钙豆油赖氨酸盐酸盐蛋氨酸食盐预混料合计含量/%58.5519.008.004.304.401.001.001.500.500.500.251.00100.00营养水平消化能/(MJ/k