2015考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：法学类(25套).pdf

2015 考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：法学类法学类(25 套套)Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made,its amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified?Are we any less blood-thirsty?Why do boxing matches,for instance,attract such universal interest?Dont the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence?Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive,we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age;sports which are quite as barbarous as,say,public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting,that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring,that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match,for instance,is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much?You may well ask.The answer is simple:they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally-admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages,or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved,but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports,we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author s opinion of nowadays human beings is A.not very high.B.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.2.The main idea of this passage is A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.3.That the author mentions the old Romans is A.To compare the old Romans with todays people.B.to give an example.C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is A.that,by banning the violent sports,we human beings can improve our selves.B.that,by banning the dangerous sports,we can improve the law.C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.Vocabulary 1.relish 从获得乐处，享受 2.orgy 狂欢，放纵 3.arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所 4.blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的 5.bear-baiting 逗熊游戏 6.bull-fight 斗牛 7.batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打 8.pulp 成纸浆，成软块 9.burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火 10.grim 令人窒息的，简陋的 11.coop up 把关起来 写作方法与文章大意写作方法与文章大意 作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。参考答案：AADBA From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases.A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery.It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases.The expectation of life has increased enormously.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before，every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men，women and children on the roads.Man versus the motor-car!It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel，his car becomes the extension of his personality.There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel.They swear，they are ill-mannered and aggressive，willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish.All their hidden frustrations，disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour.Everything is done for his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic;towns are made ugly by huge car parks;the countryside is desecrated by road networks;and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic，to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.With regard to driving，the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is;all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so;the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21;all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability.Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be mad much stricter.Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads.Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers，as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life.After all，the world is for human beings，not motor-cars.1.The main idea of this passage is A Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.B Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.C The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.D Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?A Society smiles on the motorists.B Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C Victims of accidents are nothing.D Society condones their rude driving.3.Why does the author say：his car becomes the extension of his personality?A Driving can show his real self.B Driving can show the other part of his personality.C Driving can bring out his character.D His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A Build more highways.B Stricter driving tests.C Test drivers every three years.D raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.5.The attitude of the author is A ironical B critical C appealing D militant Vocabulary 1.immunise 使免疫，使免除 2.expectation of life=life expectancy 平均寿命 3.versus=against 对顶，反对 4.mutilate 伤害 5.wilful 任性的，固执的 6.benign 宽厚的，仁慈的 7.condone 宽容 8.desecrate 亵渎，玷污 9.code 法规，规定，惯例 10.stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的 11.performance 演出，成品，这里是指 cars behavior such as speed，function etc.可译成行为，汽车行为、功能等。难句译注难句译注 1.Man versus the motor-car!It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.【参考译文】人和汽车对抗!这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。2.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.【参考译文】应当禁止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。写作方法与文章大意写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。答案详解答案详解 1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中体现的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用(有非常好的效果。)”这里列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格;所有死机每三年考核一次;年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到 21 岁;全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试(测定其安全性)这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”A.主要是机动车死机造成的交通事故。B.全世界每年有几千人丧生。C.有些国家的交通法规太松弛。这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把城镇”弄得“丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”A.社会对司机笑容可掬。B.大型停车场建在市和镇上。C.交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个具体事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。3.A“他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就体现了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。B.表现他个性的另一面。C.表现了他的性格。D.他的车体现了他的脾气秉性。只是表现自我中的某个事实。4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。B.更难的测试。C.每三年对司机进行一次考察。D.提高年龄段和制定安全条例。都提到。见第一题译注。5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。A.讽刺的。C.哀求的、呼吁的。D.富有战斗性的。If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles，heart disease and lung cancer，then you are certainly deceiving yourself.No one will accuse you of hypocrisy.Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking.This neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised，the governments of most countries hear no evil，see no evil and smell no evil.Admittedly，a few governments have taken timid measures.In Britain for instance，cigarette advertising has been banned on television.The conscience of the nation is appeased，while the population continues to puff its way to smoky，cancerous death.You dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm.The answer is simply money.Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax.Its almost like a tax on our daily bread.In tax revenue alone，the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities.So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may，conceivable，be harmful，it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand，it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease.Countless valuable lives are lost.In the long run，there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course，we are not ready for such a drastic action.But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples，youd think theyd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns.Far from it!The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising.Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest.We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning.That would never do.The advertisement always depict virile，clean-shaven young men.They suggest it is manly to smoke，even positively healthy!Smoking is associated with the great open-air life，with beautiful girls，true love and togetherness.What utter nonsense!For a start，governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own.Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres，cinemas and restaurants.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit.A horrific warning say，a picture of a deaths head should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold.As individuals，we are certainly weak，but if governments acted honestly and courageously，they could protect us from ourselves.1.Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?A because they are afraid of people.B Because diseases cost a lot.C Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.D Because they are afraid of manufacturers.2.The tone of this passage is A critical.B ironical.C distaste.D amusing.3.What does the sentence“because you are in good company”mean?A you are backed by the government.B You are not alone.C You have good colleagues.D Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.4.What is the best title of this passage?A World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.B World governments take timid measures against smoking.C smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.D tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.Vocabulary 1.a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法 2.puff 喷 3.puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向(指抽烟抽到死)4.lukewarm 冷淡/漠然 5.insidious 阴险的，狡猾的 6.virile 年富力强的 写作方法与文章大意写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。答案详解答案详解 1.C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”A.他们害怕人民。D.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施 有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。2.B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。A.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C.厌恶。D.有趣。3.D 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。A.政府支持。太明朗化。B.你不是单独一人。和 C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”4.A 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”B.世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southe