2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃：外研版必修1Module 4.doc

2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 4 知识详解 ① approach 　v．　接近；靠近；走近　n．　接近；通路；方法 (回归课本P32)Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. 现在我们正离开商业区，快到海港了。 approach sth./sb.靠近，接近某事/某人 at the approach of在……将到的时候 approach sb.about /on sth.为某事与某人打交道an /the approach to...……的方法/步骤 【归纳总结】 ① As we approached the lamb，it was frightened away. 我们走近小羊时，它被吓跑了。 ② The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. 学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。 ③The leaves were turning brown with the approach of autumn. 随着秋天的临近，树叶变成了褐色。 ④All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police. 所有通往机场的路都被警方封锁了。 【例句探源】 1．At the class meeting they discussed three different________to the study of English. A．approaches　　　　　　B．means C．methods D．ways 解析：选A。句意是：在班会上，他们谈论了三种不同的英语学习方法。根据后面的介词to可知，此题要用approaches。means，method和way虽然都表示相同的意义，但它们后面常接of doing或to do。 【即境活用】 2.完成句子 __________________ the problem has not been worked out. 这个问题的解决方法还没有制订出来。 答案：The approach to ② exchange　 vt.& vi.& n．　交换，交流，兑换 (回归课本P37)There are museums, cinemas，theatres，art galleries，parks, coffee bars，clubs and many other places where people can meet and exchange ideas. 人们可以在博物馆、电影院、剧院、美术馆、公园、咖啡馆、俱乐部以及许多其他的地方见面并交流思想。 exchange A for B　以A 换 B exchange sth.with sb.同某人交换某物 in exchange for 以……换…… make an exchange交换 exchange words争吵，吵架 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting. 在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。 ②He gave me an apple in exchange for an orange. 他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。 ③We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views with our teachers tomorrow. 明天我们将有机会与老师交换看法。 ④They have offered to release the hostages, but what do they want in exchange? 他们提出可以释放人质，但他们想要什么作为交换？ 【易混辨析】 change, exchange (1)change 通常指一个人或一件东西的本质、状态、外表或形状等方面的根本“改变”。另外change 表示“换去”，不是“换来”，如自行车旧了，换辆新的，不能说change a new bike，要说change the old bike。 (2)exchange表示两人或双方相互交换，交换的对象可以是具体的人或事物，也可以是抽象的行为动作，表示行为动作的名词通常是复数形式，有时也可用单数形式。 ①His new shoes didn’t fit so he took them back to the shop and changed them. ②Would you mind exchanging places with me so that I can be nearer (to) the fire? 3．He________his old car for a new model as soon as he had won the money. A．exchanged　　　　　　　　B．replaced C．translated D．removed 解析：选A。句意是：他赢了钱后就把他的旧车换成了新车。此句要用exchange 构成exchange...for...短语表示“把……换成……”。replace 替换，后面的介词要用with；translate 翻译成；remove除掉。 【即境活用】 ③ afford　 vt.　买得起，有能力支付；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；提供，给予 (回归课本P39) The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there. 房子价格上涨，那一地区的人们在城里买不起房子。 【归纳总结】 afford to do sth.负担得起干……(费用) 【例句探源】 ①Television affords pleasure to many people. 电视给很多人带来乐趣。 ②We can’t afford to go on vacation this year. 今年我们没钱去度假。 ③(高考重庆卷)I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. 我担心他可能没有钱，买不起吃的东西。 【即境活用】 4. If we could________three weeks, we’d like to go abroad for our holidays. A．afford　　　　　　B．take C．cost D．spend 解析：选A。根据句意“如是我们能抽出三周时间就会去国外度假”知应选A。 5.完成句子 We ____________________such a price. 我们支付不起这个价。 答案：can’t afford to pay ④ survive 　vt.　比……活得长，幸免于　 vi.　死里逃生，大难不死 (回归课本P39) All these things mean that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive. 所有这些都意味着西欧许多村庄都在为生存而斗争。 【归纳总结】 survive sth.从(事故/火灾/地震等)……中幸存下来 survive sb.比……活的时间长/寿命长 survive on sth.靠……继续维持生活 ①Those who survived the Wenchuan earthquake have received timely aid. 那些在汶川地震中幸存下来的人获得了及时的救助。 ②The old man was the only person who survived in the plane crash. 这位老人是飞机坠毁事件中的唯一生还者。 ③I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy’s salary. 我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪金是怎样过活的。 ④Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands. 科学研究表明妇女往往比她们的丈夫寿命长。 【例句探源】 【即境活用】 6．Little Tom was the only one of his family to________that big earthquake. A．remain　　　　　　B．leave C．live D．survive 解析：选D。句意：小汤姆是这家人在那次大地震中幸存的唯一一位。survive“幸存，存活”。 7.完成句子 There are concerns that the refugees may not ______________________. 人们担心那些难民可能熬不过冬天。 答案：survive the winter ⑤ contact　 n．　接触，联系；交往，熟人关系 vt.& vi.　联络，联系(某人) (回归课本P40)Contact your neighbourhood committee. 联系一下你所在的居委会。 【归纳总结】 make contact with (想办法)联络，联系(人) get into/in contact with与……取得联系 lose contact with与……失去联系 be in /out of contact with与……有(没有)联系 keep in contact with与……保持联系 ①Please contact/make contact with me if you have any questions. 如果有问题请和我联系。 ②You’d better get into contact with him as soon as possible. 你最好尽快跟他联系。 ③We stay in contact with each other by telephone. 我们通过电话保持联系。 【例句探源】 【即境活用】 8.The journalist had________in Paris and he managed to get into________with her. A．contact；contact　　B．a contact；a contact C．contact；a contact D．a contact；contact 解析：选D。contact 作“熟人”讲时是可数名词，前面加不定冠词 a；get into contact with是固定搭配，此时不需要任何冠词。 9．完成句子 Have you been _______________him recently? 你最近和他有联系吗？ 答案：in contact with ⑥ put up 　修建；张贴；(为……)提供膳宿；提高(价钱) (回归课本P32)They’ve put up a lot of highrise buildings recently. 最近，他们建起了许多摩天大厦。 put away收拾；储存(钱) put aside储存；留出；把……放在一边暂不考虑 put forward提出(意见、建议等) put off延期；推迟 put on假装；表演，上演(戏剧)；穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up with忍受，忍耐 put down批评；写下，记下；镇压 【归纳总结】 ①They are putting up several new buildings in that block. 他们正在那一街区建几幢新楼房。 ②The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the college notice board. 录取名单将公布在学院布告栏里。 ③They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer. 他们同意夏季为两个外国留学生提供膳宿。 【例句探源】 【即境活用】 10．(高考陕西卷)A notice was________in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. A．sent up　　　　　　B．given up C．set up D．put up 解析：选D。句意是：通知已张贴出来了，目的是为了提醒学生讲座时间已改变。根据notice(通知)与动词的搭配特点可知，空白处要用put up 表示“张贴”。send up“发射”；give up“放弃”；set up“建立”。 11.用适当的介/副词填空 (1)He puts ____________ some money for old age every month. 答案：away/aside (2)The meeting will be put __________ till next week. 答案：off (3)He isn’t really that upset；he is just putting it __________. 答案：on (4)I don’t know how she puts up __________ his cruelty to her. 答案：with ⑦ a great many/a number of 　许多，大量 (回归课本P38) A great many things means... 许多事情意味着…… 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Stop complaining! A good many people would be happy to have work. 别发牢骚了！很多人有工作做就感到满足了。 ②A great many of these books have been published this year. 今年许多这种书已出版了。 ③It seems that a great many people are out of work because of the economic crisis. 由于经济危机，好像现在很多人已失业了。 ④I’ve seen the movie a number of times. 那部电影我已看过好多次了。 the number of，a number of (1)the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)a number of 意为“许多，大量”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The number of people invited was one hundred，but a number of them were absent for different reasons. ②A_number_of products on his farm are transported to the big cities. 【易混辨析】 【即境活用】 12.(高考山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997. A．is　　　　　　　　　B．are C．has been D．have been 解析：选C。the number of ＋n.作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。 13. (高考江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n)____________of 40,000 per year. A．average B．number C．amount D．quantity 解析：选A。句意：去年拿到驾照的学员数量达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of...……的平均数；a number of 许多，大量；an amount of 许多，大量；a quantity of 许多，大量。 ⑧ get away from　离开；逃脱；摆脱 (回归课本P37)．..there are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise... ……有时候我需要到乡下，去摆脱这些噪音…… 【归纳总结】 get away 走开，逃离；外出 get away with sth.做(错事)而未被发觉/未受惩罚get over从(病或损失等)中恢复过来 get down to (doing)sth.着手做某事 ①I think we are getting away from the topic. 我想我们正偏离话题。 ②He managed to get away from the cheat. 他设法摆脱了那个骗子。 ③All the people in the office will have got away by 6 o’clock. 6点前办公室里所有的人都将已离开。 ④(朗文P867)It took him a week to get over the flu. 从流感中恢复过来花了他一周时间。 【例句探源】 【即境活用】 14．The meeting lasted as long as three hours and I couldn’t ________it until 10 p．m.. A．get away from　　　　　B．get away with C．run away with D．do away with 解析：选A。get away from“摆脱开”；get away with“做错事却未受惩罚”；run away with“失去控制，使按捺不住”； do away with表示“废除”。根据语境答案为A，表示开会脱不开身。 句型梳理 ① 【教材原句】　It’s been six years since we last saw each other，you know.(P32) 你知道自从上次我们见面以来已经六年了。 【句法分析】　(1)It＋be＋时间段＋since...句型意为“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。 ①It has been a year since we last met. 自从我们上次相遇至今已有一年了。 (2)It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型意为“一段时间后才/就……”。主句若是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；若主句是一般过去时，从句也用过去时。例如： ②It will not be long before they understand each other. 用不了多久他们就会互相了解。 【注意】　在It ＋be＋时间点＋(that/when)．..句型中，如果将it，be 和连词去掉后句子仍然完整，说明是强调句型，应用连词that；如果去掉这些成分后句子不完整，应用连词when(引导时间状语从句)。 ③It was 11 o’clock when he came back last night. 他昨晚十一点回来的。(时间状语从句) ④It was at 11 o’clock that he came back last night. 他昨晚回来的时候是十一点。(强调句) It’s(high/about)time＋(that)从句中，that 从句中谓语动词 用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。 ⑤It’s (high)time we should tell/told the truth. 到了我们说实话的时候了。 【即境活用】 16．(高考陕西卷)John thinks it won’t be long__________he is ready for his new job. A．when　　　　　　　 B．after C．before D．since 解析：选C。句意：约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查句式It won’t be long before...表示“过不了多久就……”。 17.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be some time ________Brian gets back. A．before　　　　　　　 B．since C．till D．after 解析：选A。句意：对不起，让你等了这么长时间，但是，Brian还要过一段时间才能回来。本题应注意句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before从句，意为：要过多久才……。 ② 【教材原句】　And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.(P32) 这是我第一次到你的家乡来参观。 【句法分析】　It /This is the first/second...last time(that)＋主语＋has/have done与It/That was the first/second...last time(that)＋主语＋had done两句型都表示“是某人第一、二……次做某事”。 (1)当主句用一般现在时时，that 从句中的谓语用现在完成时； (2)当主句用一般过去时时，that从句中的谓语用过去完成时，并且在口语中that 还可以省略。 49 ①This is the third time this week that she has been late for work. 这已经是她本周第三次上班迟到了。 ②That was the last time he had helped me. 那是他最后一次帮我。 18.(高考陕西卷)This is the first time we__________a film in the cinema together as a family. A．see　　　　　　　　B．had seen C．saw D．have seen 解析：选D。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that 从句需用现在完成时。“It is time that sb.did/should do sth.”句型中，that 从句需要用虚拟语气，意为“某人该做某事的时间到了”。 【即境活用】 19．(高考辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？ A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it 解析：选C。句意：这是他第一次来澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成须依据主句的主语和谓语而定。 - 8 -