2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃：外研版选修8Module 5.doc

2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版选修八Module 5 知识详解 ① burst 　vt.& vi.　(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现 n．　 突然破裂；爆发 (回归课本P59)to burst with a lot of force and loud noise 伴随着强大的力量和巨大的声响而突然爆发 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Scarcely had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst out crying. 她一听到迈克尔·杰克逊死亡的消息，就失声痛哭起来。 ②She put her head down on the desk and burst into tears. 她一头趴在书桌上，失声痛哭起来。 ③We all thought his heart would burst with happiness. 我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。 ④The police burst in and looked around. 警察闯入房间，向四周看了看。 【即境活用】 1．(绍兴模拟)She was so amused with the magician’s tricks that she ________ a smile. A．burst out　　　　　　　B．burst into C．burst forth D．burst in 解析：选B。她对魔术师的表演如此开心以至于突然大笑起来。burst into后接名词，相当于burst out＋doing，表示突然……起来。 2.Hearing the news, she burst into________and burst________the room. A．crying；out B．tears；in C．crying；into D．tears；out of 解析：选D。burst into tears“突然大哭起来”,相当于burst out crying; burst out of the room“冲出屋子”。 ②depend　v．　依靠；取决于 (回归课本 P60)The future of space research depends on how much money we have. 太空研究的未来取决于我们有多少钱。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P541)I can depend on my employees to take care of things. 我能相信我的员工会把事情做好。 ②Their future depends on how well they do in these exams. 他们的未来取决于他们在这些考试中取得的分数。 ③(朗文P541)“Where is the best place to eat around here？” “It depends (on) what kind of food you like.” “这儿周围哪儿的饭最好吃？” “这取决你想吃什么。” ④－While you’re out, buy me a hot dog, will you? －Depend upon it. 你出去时给我买个热狗，好吗？ 放心好了。(没问题。) 【即境活用】 3．(合肥模拟)—It’s difficult for college graduates to find good jobs in China. —It depends on________they are equipped for today’s world. A．that　　　　　　　　B．which C．whether D．what 解析：选C。后句句意为“这取决于他们是否能适应今天的世界。” be equipped for“为……做好准备”。 4.( 重庆一模)－How long are you staying? －I don’t know.________. A．That’s OK B．Never mind C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter 解析：选C。本题考查交际用语。“我不知道。这要视情况而定。”I don’t know是选择的关键。 ③accustomed　 adj. 习惯的 (回归课本P58)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. 自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather in the south. 他们不得不使自己习惯南方炎热的天气。 ②They will soon become accustomed to speaking English in class. 他们将很快适应在课堂上讲英语。 ③Somehow, I couldn’t get accustomed to the school life here. 不知怎么回事，我就是不能适应这里的校园生活。 ④(牛津P14)She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’sleep a night. 她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。 【即境活用】 5.—They are quiet, aren’t they? —Yes. They are accustomed ________at meals. A．to talk　　　　　B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking 解析：选D。句意是：“他们很安静，是不是？”“是的，他们已习惯了吃饭的时候不说话了。”be accustomed to是习惯短语，to是介词，后面要求跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。根据句意可知，此处是指“习惯了不说话”，所以动名词talking要用否定形式not talking。 6．(天津模拟)Since he often travels on business, he can________himself to sleeping in any place he can find. A．devote B．accustom C．force D．reduce 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意为：由于他经常因公出差，他能适应在任何能找到的地方睡觉。accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使某人适应……。 ④consult　v．　商量，磋商；会诊，咨询，考虑，求教；查阅 (回归课本P67)．..similar to ObiWan and Yoda who Luke, as their scholar, consults for their teaching and advice. ……类似于奥比旺和犹达，卢克作为这两人的学生向他们请求指导和意见。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①I consulted my brother about buying a car. 我同哥哥商量买车的事。 ②You’d better consult a doctor soon. 你最好快点去看医生。 ③I consulted the telephone book for his address. 我查阅电话簿找他的住址。 ④His parents consulted with the teacher about what to do to help him with his studies. 他父母和老师商量怎么来帮助他提高他的成绩。 【即境活用】 7．(临沂模拟)Before making any decision，________your family to find out which activities are most important to you. A．consult B．contact C．content D．concern 解析：选A。句意“作出任何决定之前，先与家人商量一下，看哪些活动对你们来说最为重要。”consult sb.“请教、咨询某人”；contact“联系，接触”；content“使满足”；concern“关心”。 8.(江西十校一模)When________a new word, you’d better________a dictionary. A．come across，refer to B．coming across, consult C．coming across，look up D．come across, look through 解析：选B。本题考查短语动词。第一处是when you come across的非谓语形式；refer to和consult后面跟要查阅的工具书，而look up要跟查阅的具体内容，可以说look up the new word。look through“浏览”和语境要求不吻合。 ⑤accuse 　vt.　控告，谴责，指责 (回归课本P67)He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss. 他指责达斯·维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成一名杰迪武士并发誓要为自己的损失报仇。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①She accused him of stealing her watch. 她控告他偷了她的手表。 ②He was accused of murder. 他被控告犯有谋杀罪。 【易混辨析】 accuse，charge，blame (1)accuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。可构成accuse sb. of sth.的搭配，意思是“指控某人某事”。 (2)charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉。”可构成charge sb. with sth.的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。 (3)blame“责备”，构成短语blame sb. for (doing) sth.或sb. is to blame ①His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too loudly. ②The police are going to charge him with murder. ③The driver was to blame for the accident. 【即境活用】 9.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was________of cheating customers. A．accused　　　　 B．charged C．scolded D．blamed 解析：选A。accuse sb. of doing sth.“指控某人做了某事”，其他动词不能和介词of搭配。 10．(成都模拟)In the interview, he had finally______several customers of the advantages of his product. A．convinced B．reminded C．accused D．informed 解析：选A。本题考查动词辨析。convince sb. of sth. “使某人确信”；remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”；accuse sb. of(doing) sth.“指控某人(做了)某事”；inform sb. of sth.“告知某人某事”。句意为“在采访中，他终于让几个客户明确了他的产品优点。” ⑥acknowledge　vt.　承认，告知(收到)，感谢 (回归课本P67)It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever. 现在它被电影界公认为历史上最成功的电影系列片。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①He was generally acknowledged to be the finest poet in the country. 他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人。 ②The director wishes to acknowledge the help of the police in the making of this film. 导演希望对警察在本片拍摄过程中所给予的协助表示感谢。 ③She walked right past me without even acknowledging me. 她就那样迎面走过，连个招呼也不和我打。 ④It is generally acknowledged that China is a great responsible country. 世界普遍认为中国是一个负责任的大国。 ⑤My friend Mike acknowledged the receipt of my letter. 我朋友迈克告诉我已经收到信了。 【即境活用】 11．(湖北八校第二次联考)His sacrifices for the country were never officially________，which made all of us feel discouraged. A．acknowledged　　　 B．appealed C．recommended D．evaluated 解析：选A。本题考查动词辨析。句意为“他为国家作出的牺牲没有得到证实认可，这使得我们都感到很失落。”acknowledge“承认”；appeal“呼吁；吸引”；recommend“推荐”；evaluate“评价”。 12．完成句子 ________________________that science and technology is the base of man’s progress. 人们普遍认为科技是人类进步的基础。 答案：It is generally acknowledged ⑦set out　开始做，着手进行，出发 (回归课本P69)Did Orson Welles deliberately set out to terrify the nation? 难道奥森·韦尔斯是蓄意吓唬国人吗？ 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Mary set out to wash dishes/set about washing dishes after the dinner. 玛丽在餐后开始洗刷餐具。 ②Try to set aside at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary. 争取每天至少抽出1个小时学习新词汇。 ③The overseas Chinese are very glad to set foot on their homeland. 华侨们非常高兴地踏上祖国的土地。 【即境活用】 13.Having decided to buy a flat, the Smiths_____contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A．set out　　　　　B．set in C．set about D．set up 解析:选C。句意为:已决定买套房子，史密斯一家开始联系城内的所有房产中介机构。set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth.着手，开始。 14．(湖北武汉调研)Winter has________ and people in the northern area are facing food and fuel shortage. A．set up B．set out C．set in D．set off 解析：选C。本题考查短语动词。set in“到来”。set up“建起”；set out“开始；出发”；set off“动身”。句意为：“冬天到了，北方的人们正面临食品和燃油短缺。” ⑧make it　成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加 (回归课本P58)All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. 三个宇航员安全地返回了地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及现在一个普通学生使用的功能强大。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Work hard, and you’ll make it. 努力干，你会成功的。 ②—Where is Li Lei? 李磊呢？ —He can’t make it today, He has to stay at home. 他今天来不成了，他得呆在家里。 ③If we hurry, we can make it. 如果我们快点的话，就能够赶得上。 ④Let’s make it half past nine. 让我们把时间定在9点半吧。 【即境活用】 15．I had arranged for me to visit my parents that weekend, but I couldn’t________， for I was busy preparing a reception. A．make it　　　　　B．do it C．manage it D．work it 解析：选A。make it此处表示“没有能够回家看望父母”。 ⑨in spite of　尽管，不管 (回归课本P59)In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space. 尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①In spite of all his efforts, he failed in the exam. 尽管他很努力，仍是还是没有通过考试。 ②In spite of the heavy snow, he drove downtown. 尽管下着大雪，他还是开车去了城里。 ③He went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下着雨，我们还是出去了。 【易混辨析】 in spite of, though in spite of 和despite都是介词，后接宾语，although和though是连词，后接从句。 ①They had a wonderful holiday，in_spite_of the bad weather. ②They had a wonderful holiday，though/although the weather was had. 【即境活用】 16．(江苏启东中学)________the fact that I have little singing talent, I want badly to be a member of the famous choir sponsored by our school. A．In spite of　　　　　B．In terms of C．On account of D．In case of 解析：选A。in spite of“虽然，尽管，不顾”；in terms of“就……而言”；on account of“为……的缘故，为……的理由”；in case of“万一”。这里指尽管有这事实，我还是非常想……。 17.He persisted in carrying on the experiment________all kinds of setbacks. A．unless B．without C．in spite of D．regardless 解析：选C。句意：尽管遇到很多挫折，他仍坚持做实验。in spite of表示“尽管”，符合句意。 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】　Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption...(P69) 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们的肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们作一个设想…… 【句法分析】　该句中的让步状语从句采用的是倒装结构，原句＝Although it may seem incredible... (1)Incredible as it may seem＝ Although it may seem incredible，这是由as引导的让步状语从句，用倒装结构。 (2)as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。 (3)though引导的让步状语从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句通常用正常语序。 ①Poor as he is, he is honest. ＝Poor though he is / Though he is poor, he is honest. ＝Although he is poor，he is honest. 他尽管穷，但很诚实。 ②Try as he might, he could not find a job. 不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。 ③Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但懂得很多。 ④Much as I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。 【即境活用】 18．(重庆一模)—Fool________I am, I will not believe you any more. You have been promising a hundred times! —But Mum, this is the last time. A．as B．although C．if D．so 解析：选A。本题考查倒装句式结构。fool as I am＝though I am a fool。在这个句式结构中，单数名词前不使用冠词。 19.________，you can’t lift the heavy box up. A．Even you are strong B．Strong as you are C．How strong you are D．As you are strong 解析：选B。考查让步状语从句。根据句意“你虽然健壮，但举不起那个沉重的箱子。”可知，该空应用让步状语从句，排除A、C；又因as引导让步状语从句时，需用倒装，故选B。 ②【教材原句】　By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.(P58) 到1986年，“挑战者”号飞行的时候，人们似乎对于人类进入太空一事已失去了最初的恐惧和好奇心了。 【句法分析】　sb.seemed to have done sth.某人似乎做了某事，不定式完成式时表示动作发生在过去或已经完成。此结构可以改为“It seemed that sb. had done sth.”seem还有以下用法。 (1)seem＋(to be)＋表语(adj.或n.或prep.) (2)seem＋to do (3)It seems＋that－clause (4)It seems like... (5)It seems as if... (6)There seems to be... (7)It seems so. ①She seemed to have known about the news. ＝It seemed that she had known about the news. 她似乎已经知道了这个消息。 ②It seemed as though she didn’t have a friend in the world. 看起来她好像在这个世界上没有一个朋友。 ③(朗文P1846)Jill’s voice seems to be coming from very far away. 吉尔的声音好像是从很远的地方传来的。 【即境活用】 20．________that all the people here support our new idea. A．It seems　　　　　　B．He seems C．It seemed D．He seemed 解析：选A。考查It seems that句式。that从句为真正的主语，it为形式主语。 21．完成句子 I seem______________him somewhere before. 我好像以前曾在什么地方见过他。 答案：to have met - 8 -