2004年 text 3&4 全文翻译.docx

2004年 text 3&4 全文翻译 2004年 Text 3 ①When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. ②But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. ③Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.④Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. ⑤“I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” ⑥So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. ⑦“I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says. ①当谈到经济发展减缓时，艾伦·斯珀若还没有处于绝望的状态。②但是，这个47岁的美甲师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲却没有自己希望的那样多了。③她大多数的客户每周消费十二到五十美元，然而上个月两名老顾客突然不光顾了。④斯珀若将之归结于疲软的经济。“我是一个准确的经济晴雨表”，她说，⑤“我提供的服务在人们考虑省钱时就不需要了。”⑥因此，斯珀若也在削减开支。她改去科利兰德郊区她家附近的迪拉德中档百货商场购物，而不再去奈曼·马克尔斯了。⑦“我不知道其他的客户是否也会弃我而去。” ①Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. ②From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. ③For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. ④Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. ⑤But don’t sound any alarms just yet. ⑥Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening. ①甚至在艾伦·格林斯潘承认美国过热的经济开始降温之前，众多的上班族自己已经看到了经济减速的迹象。②随着消费者削减开支，从汽车销售商到Gap名牌专卖店，销售量几个月来连续下降。③零售商去年24%的年收入来自感恩节和圣诞节期间的营业，对他们来说，购物者花钱慎重的做法发生在一个紧要的关头。④据专家称，节假日的销售和去年相比已经减少了7%。⑤但是，还不必发出警报，⑥消费者似乎只是适度关注，没有恐慌，很多人说他们对经济的远景也仍是乐观的，即使他们要稍微节省开支。 ①Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. ②Home prices are holding steady in most regions.③In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. ④In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. ⑤“Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. ⑥And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. ①消费者说，尽管报纸的头条新闻很吓人，他们并不感到绝望，其原因在于他们对自己的财产状况仍然感觉良好。②大部分地区房价保持稳定。③在曼哈顿，“又出现了新一轮的淘金热，总值达到四百万至一千万美元。这笔资金主要是由华尔街股票红利注入。”股票经纪人芭芭拉·可考恩说。④在旧金山，高价抢购现象虽然已经平息，房价却依旧看涨。⑤“以前你能拿到20至30个报价，而现在你也许只能得到两个或三个，”海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰·梯尔迪说道。⑥而且大多数人仍然颇为满足的是，他们有能力找到并且保住一份工作。 ①Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. ②Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. ③Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. ④Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. ⑤Diners might see an upside, too. ⑥Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. ⑦Not anymore. ⑧For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. ①许多人看到了经济衰退背后的希望。②潜在的买房人会因低利率而欢呼。③雇主不介意人才市场少些泡沫。④很多消费者似乎已经受到股票市场波动的影响，但现在投资商却把这种波动看作持续繁荣必不可少的一个因素。⑤就餐的人也看到了好处。⑥过去，在曼哈顿新开的火爆的阿兰·杜卡斯餐厅吃上一桌是不可能的， ⑦而现在情形大不相同。⑧就凭这个，也值得格林斯潘公司举杯。 51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ____. 通过谈论“Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”作者的意思是 [A] Spero can hardly maintain her business 斯佩诺几乎维持不了自己的生意 [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work 斯诺配过分投入自己的工作 [C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit 斯诺配已经改掉了自己的坏习惯 [D] Spero is not in a desperate situation 斯诺配还没有处于绝望的状态 52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation? 公众对当前的经济形势持何种态度？ [A] Optimistic. 乐观的 [B] Confused. 困惑的 [C] Carefree. 无忧无虑的 [D] Panicked. 恐慌的 53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Line 3, Paragraph 3), the author is talking about ________. 作者提到“the $4 million to $10 million range”时，是在谈论 [A] gold market 黄金市场 [B] real estate 房地产 [C] stock exchange 股票交易 [D] venture investment 风险投资 54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown? 为什么许多人看到了经济趋势冷背后的“光明” [A] They would benefit in certain ways. 她们会以某种方式受益 [B] The stock market shows signs of recovery. 股票市场显现出复苏的迹象 [C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. 经济滑坡通常是经济繁荣的先兆 [D] The purchasing power would be enhanced. 购买力会增强 55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree? 作者可能赞同下列哪一项？ [A] A new boom, on the horizon. 新的繁荣即将出现 [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy. 勒紧腰带是唯一的办法 [C] Caution all right, panic not. 有必要谨慎，但无需恐慌 [D] The more ventures, the more chances. 风险越多，机会越多 Text 4 ①Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. ②Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. ③Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. ④Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. ①今天的美国人对才智并不十分重视。②我们心目中的英雄不是学者，而是运动员、演艺界人士和企业家。③甚至我们的学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育，而不是为了知识而去求知的地方。④反才智主义在我们的学校里散布很广，各种迹象屡见不鲜。 ①“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. ②“Schools could be a counterbalance.” ③Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. ①教育著作家Diane Ravitch说：“我们的学校一直处在一个强调实用而不是才智的社会之中，②学校本可以成为一种抗衡力。”③拉维奇的新书《落后：一个世纪失败的学校改革》追溯了学校里反才智主义的根源，并得出结论：美国学校决没有逆转美国人对才智追求的厌恶。 ①But they could and should be. ②Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. ③Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. ④Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.” ①然而，学校原本可以并且也应该做到这一点的。②鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活，会使他们很容易被利用和控制。③如果缺乏批判地思考、捍卫自己的思想和理解他人观点的能力，他们就不能够完全参与到我们的民主当中去。④作家厄尔·邵丽斯说：“沿着这种路线走下去，我们会变成一个二流国家。我们社会的文明程度将会降低。” ①“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. ②From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. ③Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. ①“才智被当作一种权利和特权而遭到厌弃，”历史学家理查德·霍夫斯坦教授在《美国生活中的反才智主义》中这样写道。这本曾获普利策奖的书探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育领域中反才智主义的根源。②霍夫斯坦特说，在我们历史的一开始，我们对于民主和平民主义的渴望驱使我们拒绝任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。③实用、常识、先天的智力被认为是比从书本中能学到的任何东西都高尚的素质。 ①Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:② “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”③Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. ④Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. ①拉尔夫·沃尔朵·爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和僵化的书本学习不正常地禁锢了孩子。②“我们被关在中小学和大学里背诵了十到十五年，出来之后装满了有一肚子的单词，却什么也不懂。”③马克·吐温写的《哈克贝利芬历险记》即展示了美国的反才智主义。④这本书的主角拒绝变成文明人，即：不上学，不学习读书写字。这样他就能保存自己善良的本性。 ①Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. ②Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. ③Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. ①按照霍夫斯坦特的观点，才智同我们所不情愿赞赏的那种天生的智力有所不同。②才智指的是人精神世界中批判、创造和思考的一面。③智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才智是审视、思考、怀疑、形成理论、批判和想象。 ①School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. ②Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.” ①学校仍然是一个才智受到怀疑的地方。②霍夫斯坦特说我们国家的教育体制掌握在这样的一群人的手中，“他们沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称他们对才智的敌意，也迫不及待地表示出对那些在才智上没有前途的孩子们的认同。” 55. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? 美国的家长期望他们的孩子在学校能学到什么？ [A] The habit of thinking independently. 独立思考的习惯 [B] Profound knowledge of the world. 有关世界的渊博知识 [C] Practical abilities for future career. 用于将来职业的实用技能 [D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 对才智追求的信心 57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________. 我们从文章中可以了解到：美国人有___的历史 [A] undervaluing intellect 轻视才智 [B] favoring intellectualism 赞成才智主义 [C] supporting school reform 支持学校的改革 [D] suppressing native intelligence 压制与生俱来的智力 58.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________. 拉维奇和艾默生有关学校教育的观点是 [A] identical 相同的 [B] similar 相似的 [C] complementary 互补的 [D] opposite 相反的 59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________. 根据文中观点，艾默生可能是______ [A] a pioneer of education reform 教育改革的先锋 [B] an opponent of intellectualism 才智主义的反对者 [C] a scholar in favor of intellect 支持才智的学者 [D] an advocate of regular schooling 常规教育得倡导者 60. What does the author think of intellect? 作者怎样看待才智 [A] It is second to intelligence. 它仅次于智力 [B] It evolves from common sense. 它由常识发展而来 [C] It is to be pursued. 它应该被人们追求 [D] It underlies power. 它是权力的基础