2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃：外研版选修7Module 5.doc

2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版选修七Module 5 知识详解 ① run　v．　控制，管理；运转；褪色；跑，奔跑；行驶；延伸 (回归课本P58)For example，it is the women who run Naxi society，and until recently，Naxi women inherited all property. 例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Don’t touch the engine while it’s running. 发动机运转的时候不要去碰它。 ②The color ran when I washed your red shirt. 你的红衬衫在我洗的时候掉色了。 ③(牛津P1749)He has no idea how to run a business. 他丝毫不懂企业管理。 ④I just happened to run into him at the bank. 我碰巧在银行里遇见了他。 ⑤He was run over and had to be taken to the hospital. 他被车碾伤，必须送往医院。 ⑥Poverty and floods forced the villagers to run away from home. 贫困与洪水迫使村民们离开家园。 【即境活用】 1.Having walked in the desert for several days, they felt exhausted，but they had to find a pool before the water they had in the bottle _______. A．put out　　　　　　B．kept out C．ran out D．used up 解析：选C。句意：在沙漠里已走了好几天了，他们感到精疲力竭了，但是他们不得不在瓶里的水喝完前找到一个水池。run out用完，用光,耗尽。A项，扑灭，伸出；B项，挡住，使进不去；D项，use up sth.用光某物。 2．(湖北天门中学模拟)After the long march through the wild forest，they found themselves ________ as well as their clothes. A．given out B．worn out C．run out D．turned out 解析：选B。本题考查短语动词。give out不及物动词，“筋疲力尽”；worn out“累垮”，是wear sb.out的被动形式；run out不及物动词短语，“用完”；turn out“结果是”。 ②adjust　v．　适应，使适应；调整，调节 (回归课本P67)My eyes had to adjust to the darkness inside. 我的眼睛不得不去适应里面的黑暗。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Business companies have to constantly adjust their strategies so as to survive. 商业公司必须经常调整它们的策略以寻求生存。 ②(牛津P24)It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应了独自生活。 ③(牛津P24)You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life. 你将很快适应学生生活。 ④You can adjust this desk to the height of any child. 这桌子可以根据小孩的高度任意调整。 ⑤The Chinese government made adjustments to food supplies according to the situation at present. 中国政府根据目前境况对粮食供应作了调整。 【易混辨析】 adapt，adjust (1)adapt指“修改或改变以适应新的条件”。 (2)adjust指“调整，调节使之适应”。 ①Seat belts adjust to fit short or tall drivers. ②Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 【即境活用】 3．As a teacher you should ______ your method to ________ the needs of slower students. A．apply；enable　　　　B．adjust；meet C．increase；change D．weigh；shape 解析：选B。句意：作为一名老师，你应当调 整自己的教学方法以满足理解较慢的学生的需求。第一空要用adjust表示“调节，调整”。apply“申请；应用”；increase“增加”；weigh“称量”。第二空用meet表示“满足”。 4.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is correctly ________ to your sight. A．adapted B．admitted C．adopted D．adjusted 解析：选D。句意：除非把望远镜调节得完全适合你的视线，否则你看不见。根据上下文和一般常识可知，用telescope看必须先调整好距离，才能看得清，因此后半句话一定是调节以适合视线，故D是正确答案。 ③furnish　 vt.　为(房屋或房间)配备家具；供应；装备 (回归课本P67)The tent was furnished with a few mats on the floor，and a low table with a teapot. 这帐篷里的摆设就是地板上的几块垫子与一张矮桌子，桌子上面有个茶壶。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Having bought the house，they couldn’t afford to furnish it. 买了这所房子以后，他们买不起家具来布置它了。 ②The house was furnished with some old tables， a blackboard，and an old stove. 房子里有几张旧桌子，一块黑板和一个旧炉子。 ③In the west，one can rent furnished rooms. 在西方，人们可以租用带家具的房间。 ④(牛津P830)She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case. 她向他提供了与案件有关的事实。 ⑤Mr.and Mrs.Shaw have bought some modern furniture for their living room. 肖夫妇买了些新式家具布置起居室。 【即境活用】 5．完成句子 They were kind enough to ________________ the refugees. 他们非常好心为难民提供食宿。 答案：furnish food and shelter for 6．He doesn’t have ________ furniture in his room—just an old desk. A．any　　 B．many C．some D．much 解析：选D。furniture是一个不可数名词，所以many不正确。否定句中要用any而不是some，所以some不正确。not...any意思为“一点也没有”，与后面的“just an old desk”不符，所以答案为D项。 ④custom　n．　风俗，习惯，传统 (回归课本P58)They have the custom of playing cards on card tables in the middle of the street. 她们有在街中心围着牌桌打扑克的习惯。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①For example，in the United States，it is the custom to have salad(色拉)before the main course at dinner，not after. 举例说明，在美国，在主饭之前吃色拉，而不是在其后，这是传统。 ②(牛津P492)It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。 ③(朗文P495)The guide offers us information on local customs. 向导给我们提供了有关当地风俗的资料。 【易混辨析】 custom，habit，hobby，tradition (1)custom指一个国家、一个民族、一个地区或一个社会的习惯、行为方式或风俗习惯。 (2)habit侧重于自然养成的、不易去掉的个人习惯。 (3)hobby指业余爱好，如集邮、下棋、弹奏乐器等。 (4)tradition广义指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式，特指因长久奉行而几乎具有法律效力的习惯、习俗，侧重历史意义。 ①In China the custom of eating dumplings on New Year’s Eve prevails. ②By tradition，people play practical jokes on April First. ③He works in a bank，but his hobby is building model boats. ④He has a habit of closing eyes when he tells a story. 【即境活用】 7．They hand down the ________ from generation to generation to keep their way of life alive. A．interest　　　　　B．habit C．custom D．action 解析：选C。句意：他们一代一代传承着使他们生活具有生气的传统。custom“传统风俗、习俗”，符合语境。 ⑤set off　出发；动身；使爆炸；开动 (回归课本P67)George and I looked at each other, then set off after her. 乔治和我对视了一眼，接着跟在她后面走了。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Hong Kong’s stock market fell，setting off a global financial crisis. 香港股市下跌，引起了全球金融危机。 ②(牛津P1823)Opening the door will set off the alarm. 一开这道门，警铃就会响。 ③They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们动身踏上最后一段行程。 ④We need to set about finding a solution. 我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。 ⑤She tries to set aside some money every month. 她每个月都尽量存点钱。 ⑥(牛津P1824)After leaving college，he set himself up as a freelance photographer. 大学毕业后，他干起了特约摄影师。 【即境活用】 8．—What’s wrong with Jenny? —A call from her mother ________ an attack of homesickness. A．sent out　　　 B．set out C．set off D．sent off 解析：选C。句意是：——詹尼怎么了？——她妈妈打来了电话，引起了她的思乡病。本题用set off表示“引起”。send out发送，派遣，放出；set out出发，陈述，摆列；send off寄出，派遣，解雇，给……送行。 9.The villagers ________ fireworks to celebrate the successful completion of the reservoir. A．set out B．set about C．set in D．set off 解析：选D。句意：村民们放鞭炮来庆祝水库的胜利建成。set off在该题中意为“点燃，使爆炸”。set out“出发，陈列”；set about doing“开始着手做”；set in“把……装入”。 ⑥in use　被使用，在使用中 (回归课本P59)The Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still in use and is over 1,000 years old. 纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，已有一千多年的历史了。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Seriously damaged，the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到严重损坏，这座桥不再使用了。 ②He made full use of the opportunity and succeeded at last. 他充分利用了那次机会，并且成功了。 ③It is the dictionary most in use among Chinese students of English. 这是学英语的中国学生最常使用的一本词典。 ④(朗文P2267)I’d like a job where I could put my degree in languages to good use. 我想找一份能充分发挥我语言特长的工作。 ⑤(朗文P2267)It’s no use complaining—you just need to take test again later. 抱怨也没有用——你只要以后再考一次就是了。 【即境活用】 10．完成句子 It’s a shame that teachers don’t ___________. 教师们不使用新计算机实验室很遗憾。 答案：make use of the new computer lab 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】　The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow.(P58) 古城依山而建，对面是海拔五千五百米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪所覆盖。 【句法分析】　“its peak covered with snow”是独立主格结构。 ①The problems solved(＝As the problem was solved)，the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 ②Time permitting(＝If time permits)，we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 ③An air accident happened to the plane，nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 ④The boy goes to the classroom，book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 ⑤The meeting over，they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 【即境活用】 11．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________ for the day. A．finishing　　　　　B．finished C．had finished D．went finished 解析：选B。句意：那天的课程一结束，孩子们纷纷从那所文法学校回到家里。逗号不能连接两个句子，当两句话并列时，需要并列连词，而题干中没有并列连词，故排除C、D两项；由于没有连词可判断逗号后应为独立主格结构作状语，在此结构中逻辑主语lessons与finish之间为被动关系，故排除A项。 12.The boy lay on the ground，his teeth set，his hand clenched on his breast and his eyes ________ straight upward. A．look B．looking C．looked D．are looking 解析：选B。该句中出现了三个独立主格结构：his teeth set，his hand clenched on his breast和his eyes looking straight upward，因look为不及物动词，因此需用其现在分词形式。 ②【教材原句】　However different we may appear to be at first，we are all the same，all equal.(P59) 无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。 【句法分析】　此句中however引导让步状语从句，相当于No matter how different we may appear to be at first，we are all the same，all equal；带ever后缀的疑问词引导的让步状语从句，都可以转变为no matter...的形式，表示“不管……；无论……”的意思。 ①Whatever(No matter what) you do，I will always be on your side.无论你做什么，我将一直支持你。 ②Wherever(No matter where) you go，you will find many kind people who want to help others. 无论你去哪儿，你都会发现很多想帮助别人的好心人。 ③Whoever(No matter who) you are，you shouldn’t be rude to others.无论你是谁，你都不能对别人粗鲁。 ④Whichever (No matter which) book you like, you can take it home.无论你喜欢哪本书，你都可以拿回家。 【注意】　有些带-ever后缀的疑问词还可以引导名词性从句，主要有whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever。但这时它们不可以改写成“no matter＋特殊疑问词”的形式。这时的whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever既要在主句中作成分，又要在从句中作成分，为了便于理解，我们可以把它们分解成两个词来理解。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who，whomever＝anyone whom，而whichever为which的强调形式。 ⑤Whoever wants to see the film can go with us tonight.＝Anyone who wants to see the film can go with us tonight. 无论谁今天晚上想去看电影都可以和我们一起去。 ⑥You can give it to whomever you like. ＝You can give it to anyone who you like. 你可以把它给任何你所喜欢的人。 ⑦Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. ＝Anything that is worth doing is worth doing well. 任何值得做的事都值得做好。 ⑧Take whichever/which you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。 【即境活用】 13．(高考上海卷)________ you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A．However a serious problem B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem 解析：选C。句意：不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。考查状语从句。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句，what不能用来引导状语从句，所以排除B、D两项；however＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋单数名词，故C项正确。 14.________ hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. A．Whatever　　　　　B．Whenever C．Wherever D．However 解析：选D。“whatever”意为“无论什么”，修饰名词；“whenever”为“无论何时”，作时间状语；“wherever”意为“无论何地”，作地点状语；“however”意为“无论多么”，修饰形容词、副词。在此句中“however”修饰“hungry”。 - 7 -