2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃：外研版必修1Module 2.doc

2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 2 知识详解 ① patient　 adj.　耐心的，能忍受的，坚韧的　n．　病人 (回归课本P12)She’s kind and patient ... 她和蔼，又有耐心…… be patient with sb.对某人有耐心be patient of sth.对某事有耐心patience n.耐心；耐性be out of patience with ...对……忍无可忍with patience＝patiently(adv.) 耐心地 【归纳总结】 ①Louise was very patient with me when I was ill and crabby. 在我生病而且脾气乖戾的日子里，路易丝对我很有耐心。 ②I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little patience. 我会尽快调查这件事，请耐心一点。 【例句探源】 1．—What is he like? —He is patient________others and ________hardships. A．with；of　　　　　　　B．with；to C．of；with D．to；with 解析：选A。根据短语搭配得出答案。be patient with sb.对某人有耐心；be patient of sth.对某事有耐心。 【即境活用】 2.完成句子 The young nurse ________________________. 这位年轻的护士对病人很有耐心。 答案：is patient with her patients ② avoid　 vt.　(故意)避开；避免 (回归课本P12)She avoids making you feel stupid! 她避免让你感到自己愚笨！ avoid (doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escape doing sth.逃脱做某事get away with＋n.逃避……责任flee＋n.从……逃走keep away from远离 【归纳总结】 ①She tried to avoid answering my questions. 她试图避而不答我的问题。 ②She braked suddenly and avoided an accident. 她紧急刹车，避免了一场车祸。 ③(高考浙江卷)Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine. 也许这是因为他们提供了一个机会来避免面对这一事实，即在这一文化中我们真正的选择比我们愿意想像的要有限的多。 【例句探源】 3.We should try to ________making the same mistake again. A．delay　　　　　　　B．avoid C．imagine D．admit 解析：选B。四个动词都可以跟ing作宾语，而根据句子的意思判断，使用avoid。句意：“我们应该尽力避免再犯同样的错误。” 4．完成句子 This article tells you how to ____________ while travelling. 这篇文章告诉你怎样在旅行期间防止生病。 答案：avoid getting ill 【即境活用】 ③ appreciate　 vt.　感激；欣赏；充分理解，明白；增值 Some of our class don’t like her，but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear. (回归课本P12)我们班有的同学不喜欢她，但大多数同学都欣赏她，因为她的课讲得清楚条理。 【归纳总结】 【注意】appreciate 后不能接人作宾语。 ①We greatly appreciate your timely help. 我们非常感激你们的及时帮忙。 ②I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 ③I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. 如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。 ④(高考北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me. 我花了很长时间才能够完全理解他们为我做的一切。 【例句探源】 5．As I will be away for a long time，I’d appreciate ________from you now and then ________me how everyone is getting along. A．hearing；tell　　　　　 B．to hear；tell C．hearing；telling D．to hear；to tell 解析：选C。句意：因为我要离开一段时间，所以你要时常写信告诉我每个人的情况，那我将十分感激。第一个空为appreciate doing sth.高兴干某事；第二个空为动词的ing形式作状语。 【即境活用】 6.完成句子 I would ____________ you could help us with the job. 如果你能在工作上帮助我们，我将不胜感激。 答案：appreciate it if ④ admit　vt.　承认(错误、罪行等)；容纳，接收；准许进入 　　　　　(或使用)，让……享有(to) (回归课本P12)And a few students even admit liking her! 一些学生甚至承认喜欢她！ 【归纳总结】 ①You have to admit what the teacher said was right. 你不得不承认老师说的是对的。 ②She admitted having broken the traffic rules. 她承认违反了交通规则。 ③He was happy to be admitted to Beijing Normal University. 被北师大录取了，他很高兴。 ④The meeting room can admit 200 people. 这个会议室能容纳200人。 【例句探源】 7．(高考全国卷Ⅱ)If you leave the club，you will not be ________back in. A．received　　　　　　　B．admitted C．turned D．moved 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：如果你退出该俱乐部，人家就不会重新接受你。短语 be admitted in/into 表示“被录取，被接受”，符合句意。 【即境活用】 8.Little Tom admitted________in the examination，________that he wouldn’t do that in future. A．to cheat；to promise B．cheating；promise C．having cheated；promising D．to have cheated；promised 解析：选C。admit having done sth.“承认做过某事”，promise表示的动作是由主语little Tom 主动发出的故用v.­ing 形式。若用过去式作谓语则需要加并列连词 and。 ⑤ respect　 vt.　尊敬，尊重　 n．[C]　着眼点，方面，细节；(pl.)敬意，问候；重视；关心；照顾；[U]尊敬，尊重 (回归课本P12) I respect him a lot. 我很尊敬他。 respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事尊敬某人/事send/give my respects to代我向……问好in every respect在每一方面show/have respect for sb.尊敬某人with respect尊敬地with respect to 关于in respect of关于 【归纳总结】 ①Children should show respect for their teachers. 孩子们应对老师表示尊敬。 ②Molly always told us exactly what she thought ，and we respected her for that. 莫莉总是与我们坦诚相见，我们为此敬佩她。 ③Please give my respects to your parents. 请代我向你父母问好。 ④The plan is faulty in every respect. 无论从哪方面来看，这项计划都不完善。 ⑤(高考重庆卷)Now I try to treat everyone with respect. 现在我尽力尊敬地对待每一个人。 【例句探源】 9．Our school held a ceremony the day before yesterday________Professor Chen Ligang who has been teaching here wholeheartedly for more than 30 years. A．in place of 　　　　　　B．with regard to C．in honor of D．with respect to 解析：选C。考查短语的辨析。in place of 代替；with regard to 关于，至于；in honor of 为了纪念……，为了对……表示敬意；with respect to 关于。举办仪式的目的是为了纪念这位从教30多年的教师，故C项符合。 【即境活用】 10.完成句子 ________________，we don’t have to draw a conclusion here. 关于这个问题，我们没必要在此作结论。 答案： In respect of this problem ⑥ make sure　确定；确信；查明；弄清楚 (回归课本P11)Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands. 优秀老师确保每位学生都能理解他(她)的话。 【归纳总结】 ①I think there is a train at 6 o’clock，but you’d better make sure. 我想6点钟有一班火车，但你最好查明白。 ②You’d better make sure of the exact time of the arriving train. 你最好弄清楚火车到达的确切时间。 ③I made sure that the rope was firmly fastened around his waist. 我检查了绳子，确保其牢牢系在他的腰部。 【例句探源】 ④She doesn’t make sure whether she has locked the room. 她不能断定是否把房门锁上了。 ⑤Be sure not to touch anything in the lab. 千万别碰实验室里的任何东西。 ⑥No one knows for sure what happened. 谁也不知道究竟发生了什么事。 sure，certain 二者都可作表语，意为“确信的”，“对……有把握的”，“肯定的”等。多数情况下二者可以换用，但有时也有差异。 (1)sure的主语通常为指人的词；certain的主语既可以是指人的词，也可以是指事物的词。 (2)在祈使句中要用sure。在It is certain that...结构中certain不能换作sure。 ①It is now certain that he won the election. ②The evidence is certain. ③Be sure_not to be late. ④I am not sure_/certain_whether I’ve met him before. 【易混辨析】 11．—It’s ________that our team will win the match. —Don’t be so ________. A．sure；certain　　　　B．certain；certain C．sure；sure D．certain；sure 解析：选D。句意为：“我们队肯定会赢这场比赛。”“别那么肯定。” It’s certain that...表示“肯定……”，certain不能换作sure；祈使句中用sure不用certain，故答案为D。 【即境活用】 12.完成句子 ________________________before you leave. 在你离开之前，确保关上所有的窗户。 答案：Make sure that all the windows are closed ⑦ as a result 　结果 (回归课本P12)During scientific experiments，she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. 在科学实验中，她准确讲解了正在发生的反应，因此我的功课也在提高。 【归纳总结】 ①He was badly injured in the car accident. As a result，he couldn’t go to work. 他在车祸中严重受伤，因此，他不能上班了。 ② As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。 ③The accident resulted in three deaths. 那起事故导致3人死亡。 ④His failure resulted from not working hard enough. 他的失败是由工作不够努力造成的。 【例句探源】 13．(高考全国卷Ⅱ)Jenny nearly missed the flight ________doing too much shopping. A．as a result of　　　　　　 B．on top of C．in front of D．in need of 解析：选A。句意是：Jenny 由于购物的时间太长而差一点儿就耽误了航班。根据前后部分的逻辑关系可知，此处要用as a result of 表示“由于”。on top of 在……顶端；in front of 在……前面；in need of 需要。 【即境活用】 14.As is known to us all，success usually________diligence while laziness can__________failure. A．results from；lie in　B．results in；lead to C．results in；lie in D．results from；lead to 解析：选D。句意是：众所周知，成功通常来源于勤奋，而懒惰导致失败。第一个空用result from 表示“来自；作为……的结果”；result in 导致。第二个空用lead to 表示“导致”；lie in “在于”。 句型梳理 ① 【教材原句】　She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it！(P12) 她友好又耐心，并且她把英语语法解释得如此清楚，以致连我都能明白！ ...Mrs. Li just smiles，so that you don’t feel completely stupid！(P12) ……李老师只是笑笑，因此你就不会感到自己是个大笨蛋！ 【注意】　 (1)“so＋adj./adv.”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 (2)so that 引导的目的状语从句常与can，could，may，might 等情态动词连用，从句前不用逗号；so that 引导的结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号隔开。 ①We got up so early that we caught the first train. ＝We got up early so that we caught the first train. ＝We got up so early as to catch the first train. 我们起得这么早，结果赶上了第一班火车。 ②Many contestants later failed drug tests，so that the race had to be rerun. 许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只得重新进行。 44 ③H1N1 Flu travels so quickly that it has spread all over the world. 甲流传播如此之快以至于成为全球性的疾病。 ④He told us so interesting a story that we all laughed. ＝He told us such an interesting story that we all laughed. 他给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事，我们都大笑起来。 ⑤It was such bad weather that they couldn’t go out. 天气如此糟糕以至于他们无法出去。 ⑥So hard did he work that his boss decided to employ him as a formal staff. 他工作如此努力，因此老板决定正式聘用他。 15．(高考山东卷)So sudden __________that the enemy had no time to escape. A．did the attack　　　　　 B．the attack did C．was the attack D．the attack was 解析：选C。题干中的核心句式是so...that...，而so...提到句首，引导的主句部分用倒装语序，A和C项是倒装语序，但是sudden 是形容词，从结构上看，它应当作系动词was的表语，故C项是最佳答案。 【即境活用】 16.It is not surprising that __________little worms eat__________little grain. A．so；so　　　　　　　　 B．such；such C．so；such D．such；so 解析：选D。第一处的little 是“小”的意思，第二处的little是“少”的意思。 ② 【教材原句】　Physics will never be my favourite lesson，but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs.Chen teaching me.(P12) 物理从来不是我最喜欢的课，但我认为有陈老师教我，我会在考试中取得好成绩的。 【句法分析】　“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成复合结构，在句中常作状语，有时可作定语。在这个句式中作宾补的有：现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语、形容词、副词等。 ①The weather was even colder with the wind blowing. 因为有风，天气更冷了。(现在分词作宾补，与宾语wind是主动关系且表示正在进行) ②With all the work finished，they hurried back home for lunch. 所有的工作都做完了，他们匆忙回家吃午饭。(过去分词finished 作宾补，与宾语work 是被动关系，表示已完成的) ③With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the light music. 有许多事情要处理，我只好不再听轻音乐了。(不定式to deal with作宾补，与宾语是被动关系，表示将来) ④She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她看到一条小河，两岸长满了红花绿草。(介词短语on both sides作宾补) ⑤Don’t sleep with the door and windows open. 不要开着门窗睡觉。(形容词open作宾补) 17．(高考山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked. A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid 解析：选A。考查with复合结构。句意为“起居室既干净又整洁，里面有一张早已放好的预备要开饭的餐桌。” 【即境活用】 with 复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补，宾补可以用分词，不定式，形容词，副词，介词短语等来充当，其中宾语和补足语之间是主语和谓语的关系。若用过去分词作补足语表示被动和完成；用现在分词作补足语表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作补足语表示未发生。由语境可知，要用过去分词作补足语，表示桌子早已被放好了。 18.You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much. A．for　　　　　　　 B．when C．with D．while 解析：选C。句意：你根本就无法体会，在脚伤得那么厉害的情况下她是怎样完成接力比赛的。这里是一个with＋n./pron.＋done/adj.的复合结构。要注意her foot wounded so much 不是一个完整句子，所以不能用连词when，while，for引导。 - 7 -