2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃：外研版必修4Module 5.doc

2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四Module 5 知识详解 1 surround　vt.　包围，环绕 n．　围绕物 (回归课本P41)A lake is an area of water surrounded by land. 湖泊就是由陆地所围成的一片水域。 11 归纳总结 surround oneself with sb./sth.与某人/某物在一起，与某人/某物为伍 surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.使某人/某物被某人/某物包围 be surrounded by/with被……围绕着；周围是…… surroundings n．环境 surrounding adj.附近的；四周的 surrounding areas周围的地区 pleasant surroundings愉快的环境(通常用复数形式) 例句探源 ①The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖边树木环绕。 ②(牛津P2036)I like to surround myself with beautiful things. 我喜欢身边老有漂亮的东西。 ③Standing on the top of the mountain，we can see the surrounding hills.站在山顶，我们能看到周围的小山。 ④(朗文P2078)It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.我花了好几个星期才适应了新环境。 即境活用 1.A lot of children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the________countryside. A．surrounded　　　B．surrounding C．surroundings D．surround 解析：选B。句意：这所学校的许多学生不是住在城市，而是来自周围的农村。 2．完成句子 Our school______________________green trees and clear water，and we are studying in the________________. 我们学校被绿树碧水环绕，我们在愉快的环境中学习。 解析：be surrounded by/with意为“被……环绕”。surroundings意为“环境”。 答案：is surrounded by/with；pleasant surroundings 2 forbid　vt.　禁止，阻止；不许 (回归课本P45)Swimming from the boat is forbidden. 从船上跳下去游泳是被禁止的 归纳总结 例句探源 ①(高考辽宁卷)Children should be forbidden from watching TV. 儿童应被禁止看电视。 ②The manager forbids smoking during office hours. 经理禁止在办公时间吸烟。 ③He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment. 作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。 易混辨析 forbid，ban (1)forbid是常用词，指“命令某人不做某事”。 (2)ban语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止”。常构成ban doing sth.或ban sb.from doing sth.搭配。①Swimming is banned/forbidden in this river. ②The doctor forbids him to smoke. ③Students are banned from reading dirty books. 即境活用 3．The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes，________after 11 p．m.. A．of staying out　　　　 B．to stay out C．staying out D．stay out 解析：选B。句意是：学生们被禁止晚上11点以后在外面逗留，除非有特别的许可证。此句要用sb.is forbidden to do sth.句式，动词不定式to stay out作主语补足语。 4.Our school forbids________，that is to say，we are not allowed________at school. A．to smoke；to smoke B．students’ smoking；smoking C．students’ to smoke；smoking D．students’ smoking；to smoke 解析：选D。forbid one’s doing sth.＝forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”；allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，此处为被动结构，注意比较allow doing sth.。 3 view　n．　景色，风景；观点，见解；观察，观看；意见 vt.　观察，观看 (回归课本P49)He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view... 他总是选择一个带有美丽风景的明信片…… 归纳总结 例句探源 ①We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill. 从山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城的景色。 ②What is your view on school punishments? 对学校的处罚你有什么看法？ ③Several possible buyers have come to view the house. 几个可能成为买主的人来看过房子。 ④In my view，you’re wrong to impose your idea on others. 在我看来，你把自己的观点强加给别人是错误的。 ⑤(牛津P2243)In view of the weather，the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内举行。 即境活用 5．One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high­rise is that you can get a good________of the city. A．sight　　 B．scene C．view D．look 解析：选C。get a good view of意为“清楚地看到……”。而sight，scene虽然与view的意思相同，但没有这种搭配；look要构成get a look at短语。 4 at least　至少；起码；不管怎样；无论如何 (回归课本P42)“Oh，well，”my friend said，“at least we have two more left.” 我朋友说：“喔，至少我们还能看见另外两个峡谷。” 归纳总结 not in the least一点也不,to say the least(of it)[插入语]至少可以这样说，退一步说,least of all尤其是，最不,at most至多 例句探源 ①He’s going away for at least a week. 他至少一星期出去一次。 ②You might at least say“thank you”． 你起码该说声“谢谢你”。 ③It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there. 到那里至少要花费你20分钟的时间。 即境活用 6．The house still needed a lot of work，but________the kitchen was finished. A．instead　　 B．altogether C．at once D．at least 解析：选D。句意是：这所房子仍然需要做许多工作，但至少厨房已完工了。根据句意推断，用at least表示“至少”。instead代替；altogether一起；at once立刻。 7.The suit is the most expensive.It costs________1,000 yuan. A．at most B．at last C．at least D．at all 解析：选C。考查词组的应用。句意为：这套西装很贵，至少1000元。at least“至少”，符合句意。at most意为“至多”；at last意为“最后”；at all意为“根本”。 5 get a kick out of　(俚语)从……中得到乐趣 (回归课本P48)I get a kick out of travelling. 我从旅行中得到乐趣。 归纳总结 例句探源 ①(朗文P1128)I get a real kick out of watching my two cats play. 我从看我的两只猫玩耍中获得很大乐趣。 ②I don’t expect to win when I bet－I do it for kicks. 打赌时我并不想赢——我是为了寻求刺激。 ③He kicked at/against the treatment he was receiving. 对他受到的待遇他表示抗议。 ④I can’t believe that Glen’s wife kicked him out. 我无法相信格伦的太太把他撵了出去。 即境活用 8．He gets a good deal of________out of motor racing. A．hit　　　　　　　　　　B．kick C．beat D．strike 解析：选B。句意：“他从飙车中得到很大的乐趣。” 9.What a kick we________out of the visit! A．had B．made C．got D．took 解析：选C。get a kick out of...为固定搭配，意为“从……中得到乐趣”。 句型梳理 1【教材原句】　He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.(P42) 他和一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院任教英语两年。 【句法分析】　be to do sth.在此处表示按照计划或根据安排将要做某事。 be to do的用法归纳如下： (1)表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作，这是将来时的一种用法。 ①They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning. 他们明天上午十点钟一起去看这位老师。 【注意】　如果表示未曾实现的打算或计划，要用was/were to have done形式。 ②We were to have told you，but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。 (2)表示必须或应该，在意思上相当于must，should，ought to或have to。 ③This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 这种药一天要服三次 (3)用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。 ④Einstein’s theory was to change the views to the universe. 爱因斯坦的理论势必要改变(人类)对宇宙的看法。 (4)用于虚拟条件句中。 ⑤If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就会延期。 即境活用 10．(合肥模拟)No one________this building without the permission of the police. A．is leaving　　　　　 B．is to leave C．has left D．will be leaving 解析：选B。句意“没有警察允许，任何人都不准离开这个大楼。”be to do在此表示“命令”。 11.Denis，who is 78，has made it known that much of his collection________to the nation. A．has left B．is to leave C．leaves D．is to be left 解析：选D。根据题意“他要把他的收藏品的大部分留给国家。”be to do在此表示计划，且使用被动形式。 2【教材原句】　I’m allowed to stick one in only if I’ve been in a place for more than 24 hours.(P49) 只有待在一个地方超过24小时我才能钉一个图钉。 【句法分析】　only if意为“只有；只要”，引导条件状语从句，only起强调作用；当only if位于句首时，主句要用倒装句式。 ①I told him he would succeed only if he worked hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。 ②Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。 if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，主要用于虚拟语气中，表示强烈的愿望或非真实的条件。表达的愿望与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去式；与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。 ③I am so tired.If only I could take the day off tomorrow. 我太疲倦了。如果明天能不上班多好。(虚拟语气，将来的愿望) ④If only I had taken my father’s advice. 要是我当时听了父亲的忠告就好了。(虚拟语气，过去的愿望) 即境活用 12．________you eat the correct foods________be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you　　　　　　B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will 解析：选A。句意是：你只有吃恰当的食物才能够保持健康。only修饰if引导的条件状语从句，放到句首，主句产生部分倒装语序，助动词will放到主语you的前面。unless的位置变化不会产生倒装。 13.________both sides accept these terms will everlasting peace be established in this region. A．Unless B．As long as C．If only D．Only if 解析：选D。句意：只有双方都接受了这些条款，这个地区才能建立永久的和平。题干是部分倒装结构，而选项中只有only if位于句首时，才可用部分倒装结构。 - 5 -