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蛋白
育肥
生长
性能
指标
养殖
经济效益
影响
许新迪
猪营养NO.02 202346饲料研究 FEED RESEARCH蛋白桑对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖经济效益的影响许新迪(烟台职业学院,山东 烟台 264670)摘要:试验旨在研究蛋白桑对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖经济效益的影响。选择192头“杜长大”三元杂交育肥猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,各试验组分别添加4%、8%、12%蛋白桑等量替代基础日粮中麸皮。试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,8%组和12%组育肥猪的平均日增重显著升高(P0.05);12%组育肥猪平均日采食量显著升高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,12%组育肥猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P0.05),8%组和12%组育肥猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,8%组和12%组育肥猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P0.05),12%组育肥猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P0.05);12%组育肥猪血清中补体C3含量显著升高(P0.05);12%组肥猪血清球蛋白(GLB)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著升高(P0.05),8%组和12%组育肥猪血清葡萄糖(GLU)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著降低(P0.05)。4%组、8%组、12%组育肥猪单头利润分别比对照组高13.58、73.32、125.77元。研究表明,日粮中添加蛋白桑可有效提高育肥猪生长性能,增强机体抗氧化、免疫及代谢功能,提高育肥猪养殖经济效益,建议在育肥猪日粮中添加12%的蛋白桑。关键词:蛋白桑;育肥猪;生长性能;养殖成本;经济效益中图分类号:S 828 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-2813(2023)02-0046-05 Doi:10.13557/ki.issn1002-2813.2023.02.009Effect of mulberry leaf on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of finishing pigsXU Xin-diAbstract:The experiment was to study the effect of mulberry leaf on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of finishing pigs.A total of 192 DurocLandraceYorkshire three-way hybrid finishing pigs were selected,and randomly divided into four groups,with six replicates in each group and eight pigs in each replicates.The finishing pigs in control group were fed with basic diet,and pigs in test groups were supplemented with 4%,8%and 12%mulberry leaf to replace the bran in basic diet.The test period was 30 d.The results showed that compared with control group,the average daily gain of finishing pigs in 8%group and 12%group was significantly increased(P0.05).The average daily feed intake of finishing pigs in 12%group was significantly increased(P0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased(P0.05).Compared with control group,the activity of T-AOC and SOD in serum of 12%group finishing pigs were significantly increased(P0.05),the activity of GSH-Px in serum of 8%group and 12%group finishing pigs were significantly increased(P0.05).Compared with control group,the serum IgG content of finishing pigs in 8%group and 12%group was significantly increased(P0.05),the serum IgA content of finishing pigs in 12%group was significantly increased(P0.05).Compared with control group,the content of complement C3 in serum of finishing pigs in 12%group was significantly increased(P0.05).Compared with control group,the content of serum GLB and HDL in 12%group of finishing pigs were significantly increased(P0.05),the content of serum GLU and LDL in 8%group and 12%group of finishing pigs were significantly decreased(P0.05).The single head profit of 4%group,8%group and 12%group was 13.58,73.32 and 125.77 yuan higher than that of control group.The study indicates that adding mulberry leaf in diet can effectively improve growth performance of finishing pigs,enhance the antioxidant,immune and metabolic functions of body,improve the economic benefits of finishing pigs.It is recommended 作者简介:许新迪,硕士,讲师,研究方向为畜牧经济、农业技术推广。收稿日期:2022-09-12猪营养NO.02 202347饲料研究 FEED RESEARCHto add 12%albumen mulberry in diet of finishing pigs.Key words:mulberry leaf;finishing pigs;growth performance;culture costs;economic benefits蛋白桑是由普通桑树经人工选育而成的新品系,因其蛋白含量高而命名为蛋白桑1。研究表明,蛋白桑的粗蛋白含量不低于20%,部分品种蛋白桑的粗蛋白含量可高达30%2,且其使用成本与麸皮接近,具有较高的应用研究价值。蛋白桑富含桑叶黄酮、桑叶多糖及生物碱等活性物质,可以提高动物机体抗氧化能力、免疫能力,促进脂质代谢3-5。蛋白桑在动物生产中的应用已有初步的研究成果6-8。目前关于蛋白桑提高育肥猪生长性能的机制和对养殖经济效益的影响的研究较少。因此,本研究研究日粮中添加不同水平蛋白桑对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养殖经济效益的影响,为蛋白桑在育肥猪生产中的应用提供参考。1材料与方法1.1试验材料及地点蛋白桑购自烟台市九鼎山桑树种植专业合作社,桑叶自然风干,粉碎,过20目筛,蛋白桑营养水平见表1。试验在烟台为民养猪专业合作社进行。1.2试验设计选取健康程度一致、平均体重约为78 kg的“杜长大”三元杂交育肥猪192头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,各试验组分别添加4%、8%、12%蛋白桑等量替代基础日粮中麸皮。试验期30 d。试验日粮组成及营养水平见表2。试验期间,保证试验猪自由饮水、采食,试验人员定期清洗料槽与粪便,每日记录采食量,其他管理按照养殖场要求执行。1.3测定指标及方法1.3.1生长性能正式饲喂前和试验最后1 d,育肥猪空腹称重,计算试验期间肥猪平均日增重,统计育肥猪采食量,计算平均日采食量和料重比。平均日增重=(末重-初重)/试验天数(1)平均日采食量=总采食量/试验天数(2)料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重(3)1.3.2血清指标每个重复随机选择 1 头试验猪,前腔静脉采血约5 mL,3 500 r/min离心10min获取上清液,-20 冰箱保存,用于测定血清指标。试剂盒购自Abcam艾博抗(上海)贸易有限公司,具体检测步骤参考试剂盒说明。抗氧化指标包括:总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)。免疫指标包括:血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白 M(IgM)、肿瘤坏死因子-(TNF-)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、补体C3、补体C4及干扰素-(IFN-)。使用全自动生化分析仪检测各组试验猪血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性及总蛋白(TP)、球 蛋 白(GLB)、总 胆 固 醇(TC)、葡 萄 糖(GLU)、白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿素氮(BUN)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量。1.3.3经济效益指标育肥猪基础日粮生产成本约为3 950元/t,麸皮平均采购价格约为1 600元/t,蛋白桑平均采购价格约为1 800元/t,生猪销售价格约为24.83元/kg,计算育肥猪试验阶段的饲料成本和猪增重所创造的经济效益。饲料单价=基础日粮采购价-(麸皮采购价-蛋白桑采购价)蛋白桑添加量(4)表1蛋白桑营养水平 单位:%项目含量干物质88.15粗蛋白23.41粗脂肪3.87中性洗涤纤维16.47酸性洗涤纤维17.39表2试验日粮组成及营养水平 项目原料组成/%玉米豆粕麸皮蛋白桑石粉磷酸氢钙赖氨酸蛋氨酸食盐预混料合计营养水平消化能/(MJ/kg)粗蛋白/%粗纤维/%钙/%磷/%对照组67.8516.1312.0001.360.820.360.080.401.00100.0015.6414.8416.180.780.634%组67.8516.138.004.001.360.820.360.080.401.00100.0015.7515.0616.200.780.648%组67.8516.134.008.001.360.820.360.080.401.00100.0015.8515.2716.220.780.6412%组67.8516.13012.001.360.820.360.080.401.00100.0015.9615.4916.240.790.65注:1.预混料为每千克日粮提供:VA 3 000 IU、VE 85 IU、VK3 3.61 mg、VD3 2 500 IU、VB6 2.45 mg、VB12