218 日本水墨画绘画步骤(英文).pdf

itDU(-3Q3neseInkPaintinTheArrofSumf-e.Naomi OkamotoIIstmblgPubliobingce.,IDe.NewYorkTt111 Uhutdby1:1 tsabtthE.RtlnrrstfJ.nnOkamoco.Saord.19 1-Uap;a nlsc:M Tuschnuk rdft!rEinmiatT.t:nltish)j pl ndrinkp;&1nt1 ng:thc=artofsumi-r-N.tOmlOb mp.em.Includnicdtx.ISBNl).8069.O8327L Swnit-Trchniqur.I.rule.:OH62.038131995 I.252-dc2 09+-1-.10987654)21Pub1lWd 199byS.dmgPublW1ln&0 _.1=381 PInetatn1eSowh.NfWY ork.N.Y.10016Orlllinall)publUh 1993byw,w,;ld rrlag GmbH.n&lWttN-wdanC1995.Strrbns Publl!hmaCo.IncDiftnbtntdinC.r.dab)SltrlmSPublishing%CanadianMandt GroL1p.OntAt 1cu1cf lU)(.s.dtt10Toronto.On:ario.CtJu,r;bM6K3F.7Dlltn1MrdInGm.t BriuinmdF.woptb)Cusdl PLC1ll1 trJ.HOUH.+lIi 1 SltUl d.l.ondonWO N 5 JEnPr.dfl5tribu ttdinAw:.-alllbCap ricornunk(Au:st ralia)Pt).P.O.Box661.Bau Ucham HWs.SualusJCenree.)W2153.AultraliJPrilrd411d imlld1ftHongK.oftJAllrfA!tsTtmyJ,Sttrilns ISBNG-8069.()8 3l 7CONTENTS-himIOlum.L ffilO DliCTION.6THE&ISICS.88axro ndandEm,o japttnt:$(Iil l!Alfnrill g.8PcI inrilSUttll$l ls10ThtBru.h.10Grinding Ink11Ink-The L1 quldProduced!tomtheInkSric k1JAdditionalAlds 12TittPG iMfngSurJac.c-Choroc lcsand effects.1JPaper13Pp0Suk.13HowInk8ho e.onUntreated Gucn-shi16brill.swl,h1.andBrush18GrindingandPreparing lnk18FU ling the Brush.19BrushConI-II owtoHoldtheHandleora Brush.19Brushjeehntque19PA INTINGTECIllQlifS22Prac ticingLints.22Th e FirstStrokeSteorne!ilFish23The SecondExperiment:TheOrchid2theThirdExperiment:BlUllboo.27The Fourth Experlmenr.ThePlum-Tree8nnch30Addll1ona1 Pro uce32ExcmsaJoCring SpoJ7WflhLhtSnuh Held41anAngle.AIflo,onrlt!IllJ7PoppyJ7RolO ringh,Handk oj,heBruhJ9The Crocus39Tul ipiOM agnoliaIILaWArtas PclnudinT wo5,roJru.fJI,fJAnthuri um4.5RoughOudlJl twithOnt Srroltt46Promont ory7PA1:-TlliGOBJECTS48SrillLlJI.r!IllnrinS48Landscapes inn_Paintings56ASrudyofTrees 7Thd lUd r ofRocks_62Spacetn Ltndscar.61-TheComposition0a Plinring 64RdlcctionsintheWa ter66SDOSClpt.66MortLandsc apes.70FromSkttddn gCDA:ri nriftg73P AllTlKG WITHCOLOR.77111,Rol,oj Co lo.77WhIchColo IsAppropria,.78PR.ICT1CEMOTIFS82:;M:riJ.a.M.u.87IOlJlTlNGAFll lSHEDPA Tl:-lG90MOlmtfn gInstnlC rio,lS91HowtoCant4Stal92IVhcrt10PIac,rlttStol9JMyScols9J CONCLliSIO:-l.94,DElC.96INTRODUCTIONISome tlmeO.1decided thaiJ.mtedto write abookaboutjapa-neseinkpainting.alsoknooi-as,.um f-f.Inthebeginning.IthoughtI.-ouJ dfi,d,lopmyown51)i taut)as antidotes to the alienationso preval ent in our ttchnologicalse-det.Inspue of theCa lorthatourculturalbackgro unds are differtntand WtOUapproachart from adifJe rtntview po int.rou.tOO.arefasci natedb)-the dear formsthatarecreatedinthe empdnessofspace.cc nrq ing the presenceofeternalquitt.Regrettably,I tuntbeen unablt to find mrcenformofexpresstcn.Xttrthdw.tha tbeen ableto create paintingsOUttoJapanese cultureb)incorpor.atin gindMdually whatseemedunlamiIWandbytransformingandbllCpaintingOU tstde.Sensethenl)Sof the.sunon)OUtskin;let)OWC)Csgetlnt o9the distance.Thi5isa momentwhenyoubtgintobecomeonewiththenewer.Orthinkof music.Landscapes,birds,androcksan:notes createdinnature.First)0 00studythe notes.nextyou practiceon0Ufinstru-nt.andthen OUr emotionsplaytheseDOtrS.When)OUexperiencehowthegentle,tender shadesofthe ink andasimpltlint,created froma stateof Inner quiet.ere tramformed andexpttSSthemostpoIIo-erfule.ntrgy.)00;llhasense ofwhatthesephilosophies arcillahouLP,.ssIollthanoth btu5bs.However;inapinch,itisokltoUSa collJ&ra pbybrush.Paindng and calligraphy brushesmade In the Orie ru come Indiffer-ent shapn.lengths,andt)Pofhair.Goat.sheep,horse.badger,deer,weasel.bear.wolf,and rabbithairare used.Usually white-hairedbrushare made fromsbeep.goar,and horsehair.Brown-ha dredbrushesare made fromharK.badger,bur.weasel.wotl,anddetrhair.Halr fromthesununt:rfurofall.nlrn.!sissdfftrthanthatfrom Iwinterfur.Shtepandgoatblirare:bothC-cause of its comuuetion.dotSnothold enccghInkand 15toOspringyforinkpainting.Ittstmportamto usebrushesscifIcallymadeC or sumi-e.becausetheseShoe)OUa greater rangeofTheBrushJ P%I 1SE INKPAINTINGLA(.;-NothingIscompUcatedaboutthertUl tcrlals neceuary Co rlnkpainting.and theyare Inexpensive.Hueisashortlist:10PaintingUtensilsUlmilr1.pcli.rbnull2.inJtstoorgrindfngSlOnt3.hs.sdd.wartT)owfJ-,.moncloth6.platt7.paptrwdghfImore diffi cult to handle.Therefore,1recommend thatbeginncrsURastlfferbrush.Althoughnunl differ-ent brusheson the market oftenlooktempting.1alway s ccme backto the brush thatalL:m.,me toae-ateshapesranglngallthel-froma thinhalrUm:to a broad stroke.JlOKChoryuB.hThisIsone ofthtrall1rlona1lnkbrushes.Usuall),ItIsmade fromsheep orgoathair.occasionally,somewhatstiffn badger,berse.ordeer hairIsustd.Thisbrush hassoh.pliable bristlesand agoodabilit),to holdwater.HCM(er.be-cause ofiusoftness,the shape of aline:tnJchangewhen prtl5URisapplied to the surface,Becauseofabrushs excellentabsorbmC).itisoften diffi cult to controltheamountofwaterInthe bristles,Japa nOKMuuyomaBruJIl(Gyolturm)Usuall y.this brushIsmade fromthbellyhalroCa horsewithanaddi-don ofbadger,sheep.and deerhair,It15firmer thantheOroryuandhas slightpoint,makingItId.lforcreatingshapes,HO(Cr.thisbrushisnot yeeI-.I lableinall areas.ChlnOKRan-clllku B.hThisbrush.made from badger hair.lw lesscapacitYto hold water andissomewhatstifferthanthetw obrushesdiscussedabot.Itis.ellsuitedforcnadngshapesIn roughoutlincand Co r suong,bonyOUt-lines.Allthreebrushes discussdherecome in rhreedlffen:ntsizes,Thelength ofthhairIs11 Inches(tem)for lazgebrushes,1V.Inches(3.em)fotmtdiumbrushes,andaboul1 inch(3em)for smallbrushes,The smallest ofthe:three 15Cljhandy but,becauseof It!see.T HE BASICStendsto10KinkI:1Jquikl).Be-cause theinkhas tobereplacedmore frequently.thereisohcn1Uuneve nandrestlessappearanceto the paindng.Onthe otherhand.the lazgeslbrushIstlC l quitaselS)to handl e.H(J et r,Itispesst-ble todrawwithit the vtrfinestline 1U dto6llinlargespaces.Ad,ditionally.this brushlastsfora longtime.In the beginning,weartin-terestedinlearning10masterthetools.Ieeuevewelearn fasterwhenatoo!isnotquiteISeas)tohandle.Thus.I recommend thaIthbegin-nerStanwuhthe largut brush.The bristles of a newbrush anCCo-ereduithIcoat of glue.Thiscoat-IngIsremec ed b)cli ppingthebrushincold wa terandsqueuingthtbristles gendr betweenthefingers.Soapisnot necessary.Donot It.ltthebrushStan dinginwater.or thebnsdesillbend and separat fromtheshafAfttthe glue has beenrt.mO+edLOmthebristles.gentl)shapetheendof the brushintoatip.Letthe brush dry bylayingIIdownorb)hangingitwith thebristles polnring downv.ards.Whenthe bristlesaredry.store the brushin a place whereitwillreceivesome airandmake sureIt15pro-rectedagainst moths,When you purchase.newbrush.asleevececers the bristles.Thissleev eIs001)prorec tlcnand notmeantforpermanent use.Grinding InkThebest Ink forInk paintingismadefrompigmentsthatartprC55Cd into a stick.The binedv.ithwater.andmixedinto usable liquid.Ie indifferent shapes.from round to0011to rectangular.forthebeginner.an11inkstone dunis:lpproxlm:,ucl y3 by5 Inches(8by13 cm)and deeperon one endisverypractical.Moststonesare made from:Iparticularkindof slateandartof different,qualllY.dependingon the gridofthesurface.ThemostfamousSloneisthe ChineseTan-hi.Ifthesurface of thestoneistOOrough.thep.gmentpanicleshomthestickwillnot dissolt prcperly,and the ink losesitsbrilliance.Ink-The LiquidProduced from the InkStickThe soulofthe inkisthe poYt er oCitsbrillianceand Itsrichnumces.Sunil.primarilydlsdngutshcsbe-tw een blueandbrownink sticks.The so-calledblue inkIsmade fromtheSOO tofburnedpine wood,Inthe process of burning,blueinksticks are ccntamlnetedwithroughpanicles that leav e scratches on thesurface ofthe ink stone.However.thisalsoincreases the amount ofnuancesinblue ink.The finer,sof-terblOI1inkdoesnot haveasmany nuances.Becauseblue inkdoesntreflect H ghr verywell.Itlip-pears to be blackwitha bIU(hue.Blue inkistrypopularinJapan.BrowninkIsusuallyproduced fromthe soot of rapeseed011.The pig-ment particles an:much smallerthantheseinblueinkand reflectmoreIlghThisInkhas browntint and seemstobewarm and11:1).Chinesepaintersand calligra-phersare-eryfond ofbl1ink.Inadditiontopigment particles,inksticksalsocontain animalfatsthatareusedas glues.These animalCa l!absorbhumld!)-ljquickly.whlchmalusthem susceptibletomUdew,renderingthem useless.Itisimpor12WU(0dryandlapanink.suckaft.It hasbeen used.Ink sticksarehigbl yseesI,.Theycandryout,be ornebrtrde.and eeenburstapart,Becaustofthefatcement,1 asdclc.rrmainsmoistfor alongpe-riodoftimt.itwillstickto a sur-Isee,for instancethatoftheinkSlOCr.Thestone mustat).,becleanedundernmningwater.Makesure that all ink particlesartremcee d.Do!lOtuseliquefiedInkthat hasbeen standing around forsomerime,because the pigmentwillsep-arate from the water.Thiscanhap.()(n relamtly quickly duringthesumlnr.OldInk becomes dullandIossit ncc.AlwajSStartfrahUanylengthoftime haselapsedbetweenpaintingsessi ons.Inaddidnn10the0typesofinksdi.scuskd50far.there an ready-made liquidInks av.tlable.Theyarelessexpeesh.thanInksticksandrcno preparationtime.TheseInks.usuallyusedIncalJIgnphy.where only themostintense shadesare needed.Pigment panic les Inready-madeliquidInk.largerthanthostininkmade on an Inkneee,bU Iforthatreasontheyartless:refl ectiveand appeartoberNlyblack.ThisInkIs Idof.Unu-ances.When compared to ink madeon an ink stone.thistypeof ink appears to be less three-d imensionaland,therefore,fiat.Uyeergoalt.s10dtscccerthe soulofinkpainting.tsaonglyreccm-mend that roogrindour ownink.TheprottSSstems cumbersome.but the monot ony ofgtindlngaspan ofthepreparationIshclpfullnpining,.Juab le Innerquiet,OutIngtheprocessofgtindIng.roomightwant toisualiuthe picture thatisto be paimed.As)00 illquickl)di5cer.Wactualprocessorntingmustproceedwithouthest-J APANl SE Iw,P AINti NGtatian.CorrecrionsJrtalmostim-possib letomakeafterwards.Forthatnason,itisimportant tolcn a;vprcclsc!ywbatandhow)OUw-anttopaint before)OU.chfor thebtuSh.Thetmeesebrtllian ce oftheinkisthe mtdium withwhichOUm.nsftr)OUtow nenergyintothepainting.Its variedsha dingsarethtexpres-sionoCyour heart.Doyeu want toexchangetheseC orthesaktoCcon-enience?Additional AidsWatn Contai.Y ou needa containutocleanyecrbrushesandacontainertogrindthtink.M.ake suretheft conmint:rsdonthav.harpedges that coulddamagethe bristlesofrour brushes.Furthumort.thecontainers have tobe absoI urclyfr oflll)grease.WhenCa tcoma in ccmecrithbrtsdes.tMbristlesseparate.andthebrushlosesittip.In addition.Itbecomesdifficul t to echrec e subtleshading.ColtO.RagsAcottonrag.Uo w,O uto controlthe smount of U quid In)OU rbrush,Immersethe ragin water and wringitOUtwell.Itiseasierto control theamou.ntorink inyourbrushwithadamprsgthanwith.drr one.WltiuPIauAwhiteplateisusedto dilute andmixdi.Btrmt.shad esofink.A,-bi ttplateisusedbecauseitIse:&S tosee zheshapeofthe tip of the brushandtojudge theintensityof Ink on hiteswfa e.inorder to hatenoughspace to worle.use a platethat measures at least 6to8inches(15to20 em)in diameter.ItIdThebest materialtouse CorapadisC elt.HOo ew:r.)01analsouseanoldpieceofrug.Sincethe Ink-watermixturts)01usc areeasilyabsorbedbytherelam.lythinpa-perhardersurfac ewccldcreatepuddleson the surfaceofthepad.andthatisnotel)helpful Fur-thrmore hard padmakesIt morediffitfordeUa te bristlestotnCJ Cacrcssthe paper.causingthe ink(0runsldI)S.PqerwdghtApaperweightisnecessarytokeepthe p.per In place.In Ucoof paperweight,you can also usc smallrocks metalwdght.oranyothersuitable hem.THE BASICS13f($Wufrom the same brand ofpt.per,Inaddition.becauseof ccn-cernsfortheemironmrn t.otherrawmaterialsarenov.bringlIdde:dduringthtmamfacnuingrrocw.Etnifthe brand name0a paperhasnot changed for hU:ldre ds orun:.itlJnot a giventhatthe-productbasnotchangrd.So.leerthebti tfromv.:hatis:n.ihabkPlptr madeforsumi-tisa ailublesized.uerrea ed,and in diffemtthicknesses.Ifa paperisrough lindfeltllke,theInkdisperse s rapidlyand appean:duUand lifeless.If.onthe other hand.tOO much swng hasbeen appUedtotilpaper.Itw t llbesmoo thandshin).Onthistypeofpaper.inkwillccllecr in puddles.be absorhed only.lowly,andIt.unIntendeddark po lSand edges.Watercolorpaints.howeer.retainmort of their bnlhance on thispa-per rhm.the).ould on a more ao.r)Japanrs&.b)apantStpaptr.1rnmfnimKmsltfn8Papere)SlanJr:newsprinThepapar used forInkpaintingsissomev.-hat difficulttohandle.1MfaC t that itiscumbersome totranSponandtostore tacreasesitsCOSLInthe pas papar forInkpaintinghas beeedifficulttoccmeb)in theWen.parti:uIarIyifa painter badcertainrequinmentt.Hav.t-er.thingsba.Imp_d.and paperfrom Chinaand Japanisnow morereac til.Ilable.Papermade specif-IcallyforInkpalnlingsisas,.luableInAsiaas handmadepapcris.Findingtherightpaperisdiffi cult.The:numberof manufacturtrs thatmake paperfor inkpaintingisrela-til.lysmalland.becausemanydU-Ierem rtdpe arc used.thenarcmanytpesof papar onthe nwltet.Sinceinkisef)RMltn-eandreacts cUffe rendtoi1 ingdegreesof humidit).dontc:xpc:ctthe same4)Castn-.bi.lJI ttfftcao1 MOilcf iffnvltl)PCo jpo.The PaintingSurface-Characteristicsand Effectsscrbent paper.Thebest paper Co rInk palndngsrtainsthebrillianceof the color of1Minkaswellasitstrtnspa.rtncyand the nuancesofirsshades.SuchpaperiscalledGast1HJii,Itisl1ilablefromJapan as well as fromChina.Tracesofbrushserokes.-main isiblc onGcum-sni.ThedUIerentshadingsandthbrllliantt ofthe Inkatalsoappar nLChInesepaperIsmortabsorbent thanJapanesepaper.T,Oother flO ritcpapersartKozo-.silland,fa-mi.Brosh strOkesarenot as easUyvisibleon these pa-pers.andtheyabsorbwaterasquickl)as a blotter.Bothtypesofpaper artparticuLuysutredtopaintingin powerful,drysuckes orco palndng in severallayers.Ifyouatf:to usesilkwhenpaintinganimhand birds(espccWlytheirfurand leathers)as WtUas landscapesshroudedInfog.THEBASte S15,16Hohtn.:olltt1lCastle(em.iI)J APAli!ESE ISKPAINTINGFint.thewhole surfa ce&5mois-tenedA ima largebrush.Then.whtlethesurfaceWISstillwet.theoutlines werepaintedinink.blend-mgthe cOtlr oursimmedia telywtrhahardanddrybrush.Afterthe silkhad dried.theroughcentours of thecastlewerefilledinwttha fine-tipped brush.Forthisstep.1usedav eryU ght shadeofInk.liUI ngInwithdarkershadesthosepansthatseemedparticularl yimportant.Iblended the contours of the m e-topsinorder to create rDat ment.maldngitseem15ifthwereU)1n gto reach out to the castle.T HE BA51CS17Py(onGurn-shl)Here art:afewcharmingeff ectsthat canbe achievedonGastn-shl:I.Darkinkpalmedon oct,CD1iglutrshadeof Ink2.Ughter shadeofInk on a dark.wet ln1c.3.Ughtshade of Inkaddedrepeat-,clll-t.Traceslftby brush where thebristl es havebeen spreadOUtThe dntlo ing belowshewshowindi-,iChWpta!Ja.createdby out1ln-(!)ing theminlighter shadesofink.Thisseparatesthem,creatin&athrte-dimensfanal effect.The edgesare paintedb)Ot.rhtpping the Ink.F.fftttJofinltonGase nshia hnle lesswhenthe inkisdark.alhde more whentheinkislighter.Thisunusualeffect.bececer,canonlybe:achiev ed on untreatedGastll shf.HowInk BehavesonUntreatedGasen-shi18J APANESEINKP AINT INGWorking withInk and BrushGrindingandPreparingInk,-Ualreadydiscusse d.lor best re-sultS.make)OUtownink.usinganinkStick:an dI.nkorgrin clin&Son.PutII(t,dropsofWiler onthespan o(an Inksteee.B)the.wny.the shaU(M paniscalledLa nd and the de