知识讲解-高考总复习：主谓一致.doc

高考总复习： 主谓一致 真题再现 1. （2015湖南高考）It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve. A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take 2. One third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 3. —Is everyone here? — Not yet... Look, there ______ the rest of our guests! A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming 4. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 5. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 6. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 8. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. Such poets as Shakespeare _________ widely read, of whose works, however, some _________difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are 答案与解析： 1. A。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，宾语从句…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。 2.A。“分数或百分数+of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词需要和of后面的名词保持一致，the country为不可数名词，谓语用单数；第二空前的主语中心词为可数名词citizens，谓语动词用复数形式are。 3. A。答句中there放在句首，使用了倒装句式，谓语动词应该和句子的主语the rest of our guests保持一致，用复数形式，排除B，C选项；D项为进行时表示将来，不符合问句的句意。 4. A。句子的主语为one of the arguments，应为单数，排除B项；根据题干中的at present排除C，D项，时态不对。 5. B。“either...or...”结构作主语，谓语动词单复数采用“就近一致”原则，本题中应当根据one of your students判断，选择单数形式。is to do...表示“应该参加”。 6. D。定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。 7. B。首先the only one of ….为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one是主语, 而非后面的复数women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除C, 故选B。 8. C。根据动名词短语作主语, 句子的谓语动词用单数形式, 由此排除B、D两项, 根据主语与caused的主动关系, 排除A项 9. A。主句中的主语应为poets, 谓语动词用复数, 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works, 谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。 知识讲解 单个主语 1.主语是who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest时，谓语须依具体情况而定。 Who’s the girl over there? Who are the boys playing games there? 2. 表示总称意义的名词people 人们，人民), cattle, police，youth做主语时，谓语用复数形式。 English people are fond of talking about weather. 3. 主语是public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等名词时，指整体，谓语用单数；指成员，谓语用复数。 Our class is made up of fifty students. His team are talking with the coach. 4. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，谓语动词只用单数。 Three years passes quickly. 5. 主语是news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名词，谓语也只用单数。 Physics is very interesting and useful. 6. 语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，谓语也只用单数。 The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 7. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语也只用单数。 Three and five is eight. 8. 主语是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等名词时，谓语用复数。 The trousers are not expensive. 9. 主语是kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的数而确定。 Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood. 10. 主语是a number of + 名词复数时，谓语用复数。 A number of students of our school come from the countryside. 11. 主语是the population时，谓语用单数。主语是分数 + population时，谓语动词用复数。 What is the population of your town? About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers. 12. 主语是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。 Every means has been tried but we can’t save him. All the means have been tried but we can’t save him. 两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语 1. and, both...and 连接名词或代词做主语，谓语用复数。 He and she are good friends. 2. fork and knife, bread and butter；soda and water； coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等，谓语用单数。 Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 3. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 谓语用单数。 I’m told that the monitor and League secretary (班长兼团支书)is ill today. 4. and所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语用单数。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 5. 主语是：连接词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词时，谓语就近一致。 Neither he nor you are to blame. 6.主语含介词in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所连接的两个名词时，谓语就远一致。 At the meeting, one in four is against the decision. 7. one and a half + 名词复数，many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two等做句子的主语时，谓语用单数。 A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 8. one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语用复数。 One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition. 特殊情况： 1. The + 形容词做主语 指人做主语时，谓语动词复数；指抽象概念时用单数。 The decayed(腐烂的东西) has been thrown away. 2. 主语是非谓语动词短语、从句时，谓语用单数。 To keep on doing morning exercises is good. Where we can get so much money is still a problem. 但what，who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。 What I want are these things. 3. 在强调句型“It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who …”中，be总是用单数形式；that / who后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。 It is you that are going to be invited to the party. 4. 定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。 The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister. The children that are playing games over there are from Hunan. 5. 在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式， Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English. Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America. 6. there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接近be后面的名词的形式所决定。 There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom. 7. 在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be动词总是为were的形式。 If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.