一模检测卷(一).doc

一模检测卷(一) 第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A [2022·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟]Sugar has been linked to serious diseases like heart disease, diabetes and even cancer, which is why it's vital to cut down on foods and drinks that are high in sugar. Take a look at the drinks that contain a surprising amount of hidden sugars and what you should be eating instead. Fruit juices While fruit juices can contain some important vitamins and minerals, they are typically full of sugar. Unfortunately, the fiber that fruit naturally contains and that helps the body keep blood sugar stable has also been removed. To keep blood sugar levels from rising sharply, choose to eat whole fruits whenever a juice desire comes along. Sports drinks Sports drinks might seem like the perfect choice for hydration while exercising, but they contain a high amount of added sugars as they were designed for athletes during fierce and long periods of activity. The only people who actually benefit from sports drinks are professional athletes or marathoners. Unless that's you, just stick to plain water. Flavored coffees Flavored coffees are delicious, but they contain hidden sugars as they often rely on artificial syrups (糖浆) for flavoring. A large flavored coffee at some coffee chains has up to 25 teaspoons of sugar. You can still enjoy your morning cup of coffee. Just stick to unflavored and unsweetened versions and avoid creamers high in sugar. Iced teas Iced teas can be extremely refreshing on a hot day, but they're typically over­sweetened with sugar or syrups. Some brands of iced teas actually contain a surprising 33 grams of sugar in a 355­milliliter serving. So, look for iced teas without any added sugar or make your own at home so you can save money and control what goes into it. 1．How do fruit juices benefit people? A．They provide necessary minerals. B．They refuel people during sports. C．They energize people in the morning. D．They refresh people on hot days. 2．What are common people advised to have while exercising? A．Fruit juices. B．Flavored coffees. C．Natural water. D．Iced teas. 3．What's the purpose of the text? A．To introduce four nutritious drinks. B．To discuss the advantages of drinks. C．To share ways to make drinks at home. D．To warn readers against high­sugar drinks. B [2022·南京市高三第三次模拟考试]With the world's attention on vaccines (疫苗), now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated (接种) against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Montagu's willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place. Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on people's wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection. Like other visitors to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors' professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income. Some people also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature. Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter. Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as last century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox. 4．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The origin of smallpox inoculation. B．Montagu's first access to inoculation. C．The benefits from smallpox inoculation. D．Turkish women's invention of inoculation. 5．Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because ________． A．it was against human nature B．it might harm doctors' interests C．it was beyond doctors' abilities D．it might shake some people's belief 6．What led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation? A．The increased severity of smallpox infections. B．A physician's discovery of smallpox vaccines. C．The result of Montagu's daughter's inoculation. D．Montagu's focus on its rewards rather than its risks. 7．What might be the best title of the text? A．An unsung hero B．No limit to creation C．Development of vaccines D．A historic medical innovation C Life continually requires that we write down a few words of thanks: for holidays, meals, presents or people's place in our hearts. However, too often, our messages end up flat or somewhat unconvincing. To make our messages more effective, we might take a lesson from the history of art. To some extent, what distinguishes great from common art is the level of detail with which the world has been studied. A talented artist is, first and foremost, someone who takes us into the specifics of the reasons why an experience or a place felt valuable. They don't merely tell us that spring is “nice”， they zero__in__on the particular contributing factors to this niceness: leaves that have the softness of a newborn's hands, the contrast between a warm sun and a sharp breeze, the soft cry of baby blackbirds... Some of the reason why great artists are rare is that our minds are not well set up to understand why we feel as we do. But we can be confident if our minds have been affected, the reasons why they've been so will be somewhere, waiting to be uncovered. We stand to realize that it wasn't so much that the food was “delicious”， but that the potatoes in particular had a charming rosemary and garlic flavour. A friend wasn't just “nice”； they brought in a hugely sensitive and generous tone to ask us what it had been like for us when we suffered. The details will be there, waiting for us to catch them. We don't have to be great artists to send effective thank­you notes. We just need to locate and hold on tightly to two or three highly detailed reasons for our gratitude. 8．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．We seldom express gratitude by writing. B．We usually find messages of thanks touching. C．We should take a course in message writing. D．We may draw inspiration for thank­yous from arts. 9．What does the underlined phrase “zero in on” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Leave out.　 B．Clear up.　 C．Focus on.　 D．Hold back. 10．How is Paragraph 3 developed? A．By classification. B．By example. C．By definition. D．By process. 11．Which would the author recommend to express gratitude? A．I am blessed to have such a wonderful week. B．Your caring and warm smile lights up my day. C．Thank you so much for your great present. D This is the most delicious dinner I've ever had. D [2022·沈阳市高三教学质量监测(三)]“Spicy tomatoes could soon be on the menu thanks to the rise of gene­editing (基因编辑) technology，” researchers say. It is not the first time that experts have claimed the techniques could help develop fruit with unusual features: scientists have already been looking at changing the color of kiwi fruit and bettering the taste of strawberries. But researchers in Brazil and Ireland say such methods could also offer practical advantages, with hot tomatoes offering a new way of harvesting the pungent (辣的) chemicals found in peppers known as capsaicinoids (辣椒素), which make food taste “hot”． “Capsaicinoids are very valuable compounds (化合物): they are used in the weapons industry, they are also used for painkillers, and there are some researches showing that they promote weight loss，” said Agustin Zsögön from the Federal University of Vicosa in Brazil, a co­author of a new article arguing for the benefits of engineering hot tomatoes. Writing in the journal Trends in Plant Science, the researchers say peppers are difficult crops to grow and low productive. Worse still, it is tricky to keep the pungency of the fruits stable. By contrast, tomato production is high and the plant is well­studied. “You could produce the capsaicinoids in a more cost­effective manner，” said Zsögön. Tomatoes and peppers developed from a common ancestor, but separated about 19 million years ago. “All these genes to produce capsaicinoids exist in the tomatoes. They are just not active，” said Zsögön. “Using gene­editing technology, it is bound to switch these genes back in tomatoes, adding a kick to the fruit，”he said. 12．Why are the tomatoes made hot by the researchers? A．To test the gene­editing technology. B．To enrich the variety of the tomatoes. C．To make the tomatoes more delicious. D．To explore ways to harvest capsaicinoids. 13．In which of the following situations can capsaicinoids be used according to the text? A．Feeling weightless. B．Lacking sleep. C．Having a headache. D．Losing appetite. 14．What is Zsögön's attitude to the gene­editing technology? A．Unacceptable. B．Uncertain. C．Tolerant. D．Confident. 15．What's the text mainly about? A．An introduction to gene­editing plants. B．Creating hot tomatoes by gene­editing. C．Problems with capsaicinoid production. D．The procedure of producing capsaicinoids. 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 [2022·济南市模拟]The dictionary defines “hobby” as an activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure. Hobbies are a great way to forget about your worries. __16__ So the stuff you do outside your money­making business is important. Bird watching could be a great hobby for you. __17__ They can include listening for bird calls, finding and identifying birds by sight. There are bird­watching clubs if you want to make it a social activity. If you have kids, it's an ideal hobby to share with them. Children enjoy being able to spot birds and can learn identifications quickly. __18__ Working in the soil can be a particularly rewarding hobby. You get some great side benefits from it, like improving the value of your home, making your living environment more pleasant and attractive, and growing food you can eat. Making beer is complex and variable enough to be interesting. The basic reward of a good bottle of beer is easy to enjoy and from there you can create your own personal variety. If you're someone who likes to experiment, this could be a fun hobby for you. __19__ Taking photos is an easier hobby to get into than before. __20__ Now a good digital camera means you can get into photography with low cost and low risk. Starting with the camera on your phone will get you knowledgeable about the basics of how light works. You can also learn about more complex camera features form how­to videos. A．The activity combines several senses. B．This hobby has grown in popularity in recent years. C．Gardening involves creativity and time outside in nature. D．Developing film used to be time­consuming and expensive. E．Studies have looked at how hobbies make you better at your job. F．Plus, you'll always have a great homemade gift to give friends and family. G．In fact, a lot of research has looked at the stress­reducing properties of hobbies. 第二部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节　(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 [2022·云南省第一次高中毕业生统一检测]Every superhero, no matter how small, needs a cape (披风). That was Robyn Rosenberger's motivation when she started __21__ superhero capes for kids with cancer, heart trouble, and other serious __22__. It all began when she was making a cape as a __23__ for her nephew. Rosenberger heard of a girl named Brenna who was __24__ a potentially deadly skin condition. Anyone going through what she was suffering had to be __25__. “I had an impressive moment，” Rosenberger says. “Brenna was a superhero! She __26__ a cape.” So Rosenberger sent her one, and Brenna's mother was __27__. Rosenberger found ten more kids online and __28__ ten more capes. Before long, she __29__ her job at a software company to dedicate herself full­time to . It's a __30__ where people can buy handmade capes for __31__ kids facing illness and __32__. Since 2013, Rosenberger and her small paid __33__ have sent more than 12，000 handmade capes to __34__ in all 50 states and 15 other countries. The capes come in different __35__， like pink, blue, purple, or red and can be decorated with specialized patches, __36__ a heart, a rocket, or a red sun. One recipient was eight­month­old Gabe, who was born with a cleft palate (腭裂), which causes __37__ facial features. Rosenberger sent him a red cape with a bright yellow G in the center. It was a hit. Gabe is now a fixture (固定人物) on the company's social media posts. “The TinySuperheroes community has been a __38__ connection to have，” says Gabe's mom, Kate Glocke. “__39__， two years later, we __40__ bring Gabe's cape with us to every hospital appointment.” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 21．A.copying B．sewing C．drawing D．purchasing 22．A.diseases B．symptoms C．incidents D．signs 23．A.symbol B．product C．present D．tool 24．A.researching B．preventing C．spreading D．battling 25．A.weak B．diligent C．tough D．innocent 26．A.designed B．needed C．wore D．made 27．A.confused B．anxious C．delighted D．disappointed 28．A.sent out B．picked up C．brought in D．pulled on 29．A.found B．quit C．refused D．created 30．A.kindergarten B．hospital C．market D．website 31．A.brave B．honest C．gifted D．selfless 32．A.failure B．starvation C．disability D．danger 33．A.audience B．staff C．customers D．fans 34．A.doctors B．relatives C．visitors D．kids 35．A.shapes B．forms C．colors D．materials 36．A.including B．within C．besides D．except 37．A.perfect B．obvious C．various D．attractive 38．A.disgusting B．dull C．traditional D．wonderful 39．A.In detail B．In fact C．In general D．In case 40．A.still B．seldom C．never D．alr