MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G2_On-Level_U6W3_28.pdf

Informational TextPAIREDREADAncient Ship Discovered!by Susan Evento Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 3FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 32/14/12 3:26 PM2/14/12 3:26 PMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Cover Image Sources/(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.ComprehensionStrategy:SummarizeSkill:Main Idea and Key DetailsPhonicsConsonant+le(el,al)syllablesVocabulary Strategy Greek and Latin RootsVocabularyexploration,important,machines,prepare,repair,result,scientific,teamworkContent StandardsScienceScience as InquiryWord count:948*Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118769-0MHID:0-02-118769-XPrinted in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DOC 17 16 15 14 13 12IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 2IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 22/14/12 3:49 PM2/14/12 3:49 PMPAIREDREAD Essential QuestionWhy is teamwork important?Genre Informational TextChapter 1The Mighty T.Rex.2Chapter 2The Dig .4 Chapter 3At the Museum .8 Respond to Reading.15Ancient Ship Discovered!.16 Glossary/Index .19 Focus on Science.20by Susan EventoProgram:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 1001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 12/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMTyrannosaurus rex means“king of the tyrant lizards.”Tyrannosaurus rex were huge,fierce animals.They walked on two legs.They ruled Earth about 67 to 70 million years ago.How do we know this?T.rex bones were first found around 1900.Then parts of more T.rex skeletonswere found.Scientific research was done on these fossils.In 1990,an exciting new discovery took place.It led to more information about these dinosaurs.The Mighty T.Rex Chapter 12Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(br)Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 22/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMSue made her discovery right before she was about to leave.In 1990,Sue Hendrickson was part of an exploration for fossils in South Dakota.One day,Sue took a walk with her dog,Gypsy.She walked to some nearby cliffs.Her group had not yet searched there.Sue noticed a few small bones on the ground.Then she spotted some huge bones sticking out of the cliff.Sue climbed up closer.She saw back bones and a leg bone.The bones were hollow.This meant that they came from a meat-eating dinosaur.Sue knew T.rex had lived in this part of North America.She was excited by her important discovery!3Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(tl)John Zich/AFP/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 3001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 32/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMSue and other fossil hunters started to dig into these cliffs.They didnt use machines.That could cause damage to the bones.Instead,they used picks and shovels.After five days of teamwork,they reached the bones 30 feet down.Fossil hunters may spend hours searching for tiny pieces of bone.The DigChapter 24Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(inset)Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 4001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 42/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMSues enormous jaw holds very sharp teeth up to 12 inches long.Then they had to work more carefully.They used smaller tools.They kept finding bones.Some were huge.The skull was about five feet long!Finally,the hunters found almost all of the dinosaurs bones.They were in excellent shape.The hunters named this T.rex Sue.They named her after the woman who found her.But scientists still do not know if Sue was male or female.5Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Millard H.Sharp/Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 5001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 52/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMSome diggers squeeze into tight spaces to uncover bones.The diggers took photographs as they dug.They numbered the bones.They wrote notes about them.Later,they would be able to put the bones together to form the skeleton.Many bones were in the same position they were in millions of years ago.Some were mixed up.A few were missing.6Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Louie Psihoyos/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 6001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 62/14/12 3:27 PM2/14/12 3:27 PMThe diggers left some rock around the bones.This would help protect them.Then the diggers covered the fossils with layers of cloth.The cloth was soaked in plaster.As the plaster dried,it would harden.It would protect the bones the same way a cast protects a persons broken bone.For a few years,people fought over who had the right to Sues bones.Finally,Sues bones found their home.She was brought to the Field Museum in Chicago.Diggers label the plaster to help them remember what they found where.7Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(inset)Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 7001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 72/14/12 3:28 PM2/14/12 3:28 PMSues skull took more than 3,500 hours to clean.People at the museum had to do a lot of work to prepare the bones.More than 250 bones needed to be cleaned and studied.First,workers had to remove the plaster.Then,they had to remove the rock around the bones.They used special tools,such as tiny jack hammers.As they got closer to the bone,they used even smaller tools.At the MuseumChapter 38Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(inset)Jean-Marc Giboux/Getty Images News/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 8001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 82/14/12 3:28 PM2/14/12 3:28 PMThis is the X-ray scan of Sues skull.This team used a CT scanner to take X-rays of the inside of the bones.Sues enormous skull wouldnt fit into the scanner.So the team shipped it to a place where they scan airplanes for problems.Sues skull just fit!9Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Ira Block/National Geographic/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 9001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 92/14/12 3:28 PM2/14/12 3:28 PMPutting a dinosaur skeleton together is hard.Sues team fixed cracks in the bones.They used a special glue.They also used a material like modeling clay to repair missing bone parts.Sue was missing an arm,a foot,and a few back bones.Workers used the bones they had to make models of the missing ones.It was hard to fit the bones together.10Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)John Zich/Allied Van Lines/AP Photo001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 10001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 102/14/12 3:28 PM2/14/12 3:28 PMThey also made casts of each bone.This way,exact copies of the entire skeleton could be displayed elsewhere.Next,the workers had another huge job.They had to put all the pieces together.It can take thousands of hours to get a skeleton ready for display.11Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 11001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 112/14/12 3:29 PM2/14/12 3:29 PMThey needed a special frame to hold the bones up.But Sues skull was too heavy to be placed on top.So they made a lighter plastic cast of the skull.They placed the real skull in a special case.Sues skull is too big and heavy to lift easily.S Sue e s s sk kull l i is s t to oo o b big g a an nd d12Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 12001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 122/14/12 3:29 PM2/14/12 3:29 PM We still dont know why T.rex had such small arms.But we know they were strong.Scientists can tell this because the huge arm muscles left marks on Sues bones.The scans also show that Sue had a great sense of smell.They show that some T.rex bones were in the same position as bird bones.This and other features might mean that todays birds are relatives of T.rex.What have we learned about Sue?She was about 41 feet long.She stood about 12 feet high from the hip.She weighed about 9 tons.And she died at about age 28.Birds and dinosaurs are alike in some ways.dinosaurbird13Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Illustration:Rob Schuster001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 13001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 132/14/12 3:30 PM2/14/12 3:30 PMNearly 10 years after her discovery,Sue was displayed in the Field Museum.Millions of people have visited Sue.Sue is the largest T.rex ever found.Her fossils are the most complete.They are also in the best condition.As a result of Sues discovery,we know more about dinosaurs.New fossils help us understand the past.They show how animals have changed over time.Sue is the first thing visitors see at the Field Museum.14Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 14001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 142/14/12 3:30 PM2/14/12 3:30 PMMain IdeaDetailDetailDetailSummarizeUse the chart to help you summarize Digging for Sue.Text Evidence 1.What text features show that Digging for Sue is an informational text?Genre 2.List the main idea and key details on page 8.Main Idea and Key Details 3.The Greek root saur means“lizard.”How does that help you know the meaning of dinosaur?Greek and Latin Roots 4.Write about the main idea and key details on page 13.Write About Reading 15Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 15001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 152/14/12 3:31 PM2/14/12 3:31 PM Compare Texts Read about how teams explore.Genre Informational TextWorkers found the ship 20 feet underground.In 2010,an amazing discovery was made in New York City.A machine was digging at the site of the new World Trade Center.Suddenly,it hit something hard.It was the wooden body of an ancient ship!Ancient Ship Discovered!Ancient Ship Discovered!Vesey St.Liberty St.West Side Hwy.BroadwayWorld Trade Center Site1730coastlineHudson RiverEast RiverSite of old ship that had been used as landfill16Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Illustration:Rob Schuster001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 16001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 162/18/12 10:21 AM2/18/12 10:21 AMScientists measured and labeled what they found at the site.Scientists hurried to the site.They needed to dig up the ship as soon as possible.The air would soon destroy the wood.Many people carried parts of the ship by hand from the site.They were sent to a place to be studied.17Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Mark Lennihan/AP Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 17001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 172/14/12 3:31 PM2/14/12 3:31 PM Make ConnectionsHow do scientists use teamwork?Essential Question How do scientists protect the items they find?Text to Text Scientists found a coin and a shoe buckle.Scientists studied the rings in this ships wood to find out when it was built.They think it was built between 1770 and 1780.It probably carried goods to sell.Perhaps it sailed on the Hudson River.Scientists hope that more secrets of the ship will be discovered!18Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Mark Lennihan/AP Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 18001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 182/14/12 3:31 PM2/14/12 3:31 PMGlossaryIndexCT scanner,9fossil hunters,35Field Museum,7,14models,10plaster,78scans,9skeleton(s),2,6,1011Sue Hendrickson,35Sue,514T.rex,23,5,1314X-rays,9CT scanner (see-TEE SKAN-er)machine that takes X-rays and lets doctors look inside bodies (page 9)fossils (FOS-uhlz)hardened remains of animals or plants that lived long ago (page 2)skeletons (SKEL-i-tuhnz)frames that support and protect the bodies of animals (page 2)X-rays (EKS-rayz)pictures taken of the inside of bodies (page 9)19Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 19001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 192/14/12 3:31 PM2/14/12 3:31 PMStep 2Step 1Purpose To find out how teamwork helps you exploreWhat to DoThink about a time when you worked with others to explore a place or thing.Create a chart like this one.Team MembersWhat We DidConclusion Share your chart with the class.Talk about how working as a team made your job easier.Tell them what your team learned about the thing or place you explored.20Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 20001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 202/14/12 3:31 PM2/14/12 3:31 PMLiterature CirclesNonfiction Text StructureHow does the author organize information in Digging for Sue?Vocabulary What new words did you learn after reading Digging for Sue?What are the key words in this text that relate to the topic?Conclusions What conclusions can you draw about Sues discovery?Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 3IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 32/14/12 3:49 PM2/14/12 3:49 PMGrade 2 Unit 6 Week 3GR M Benchmark 28 Lexile 550 Team Up to ExploreScienceProgram:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 2FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L28_ON_118769.indd 22/14/12 3:26 PM2/14/12 3:26 PM