MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G2_ELL_U6W3_28.pdf

Informational Text PAIREDREADAncient Ship Discovered!by Susan EventoProgram:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 2FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 23/12/12 5:53 PM3/12/12 5:53 PMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Cover Image Sources/(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.ComprehensionStrategy:SummarizeSkill:Main Idea and Key DetailsPhonicsConsonant+le(el,al)syllablesVocabulary StrategyGreek and Latin RootsVocabularyexploration,important,machines,prepare,repair,result,scientific,teamworkELL Vocabularydiscovery,researchContent StandardsScienceScience as Inquiry Word count:725*Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118960-1 MHID:0-02-118960-9Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DOC 17 16 15 14 13 12IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 2IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 22/14/12 3:18 PM2/14/12 3:18 PMPAIREDREAD Essential QuestionWhy is teamwork important?Genre Informational TextChapter 1The Mighty T.Rex.2Chapter 2The Dig .4 Chapter 3At the Museum .8 Respond to Reading.15Ancient Ship Discovered!.16Glossary/Index .19 Focus on Science.20by Susan EventoProgram:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 1001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 13/12/12 5:53 PM3/12/12 5:53 PM Tyrannosaurus rex means“king of the tyrant lizards.”A tyrant is a harsh ruler.Tyrannosaurus rex were huge animals.They walked on two legs.The T.rex lived about 67 to 70 million years ago.How do we know this?We know this from scientific studies done on T.rex fossils.The first fossils were found in 1900.Then,in 1990 a new discovery was made.It led to new research.Now we know more about these dinosaurs.The Mighty T.Rex Chapter 12Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(br)Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 23/12/12 5:53 PM3/12/12 5:53 PMSue made her discovery at the end of her trip.Sue Hendrickson was a fossil hunter.In 1990,she was on an exploration for fossils in South Dakota.One day,she walked to some nearby cliffs with her dog,Gypsy.Sue saw a few small bones on the ground.Then she found some big bones.The bones were hollow.This meant that they came from a meat-eating dinosaur.Sue also knew that T.rex lived in this part of North America.She was excited by her important discovery!STOP AND CHECKWhat important discovery did Sue Hendrickson make?3Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(tl)John Zich/AFP/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 3001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 33/14/12 12:13 AM3/14/12 12:13 AMSue and her team started to dig.They didnt use machines.Machines could damage the bones.The team used picks and shovels instead.It took teamwork to find the bones.They dug for five days!Fossil hunters may spend hours searching for pieces of bones.The DigChapter 2excavation site harm or break.En espaol:daar.4Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(inset)Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 4001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 43/12/12 5:54 PM3/12/12 5:54 PMSome of the sharp teeth in Sues jaw were up to 12 inches long!Some bones were huge.The skull was about five feet long!The hunters found almost all of the bones.They wanted to form the skeleton of the T.rex.The hunters named this T.rex Sue.Huge is an adjective that tells what kind.Find another adjective on page 3.jaw5Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Millard H.Sharp/Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 5001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 53/14/12 12:13 AM3/14/12 12:13 AMSome diggers fit into tight spaces to uncover bones.The diggers took photographs.They numbered the bones.They wrote notes about them.Many bones were in the same position as when Sue died.But some bones were missing.bones6Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Louie Psihoyos/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 6001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 63/14/12 12:13 AM3/14/12 12:13 AMThere were rocks near the bones.The diggers left some of these rocks there.The rocks would protect the bones.The diggers covered the fossils with cloth.The cloth was soaked in plaster.The plaster hardened like a cast as it dried.People fought over who owned Sues bones.Sues bones were finally moved to the Field Museum in Chicago.Workers used plaster to protect Sues bones.plasterSTOP AND CHECKHow did the diggers protect Sues bones?7Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(inset)Photo Researchers/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 7001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 73/14/12 12:13 AM3/14/12 12:13 AMSues skull took more than 3,500 hours to clean!The workers at the museum needed to prepare the bones.This was a big job.More than 250 bones were cleaned and studied.First,workers took off the plaster.Then they removed the rocks near the bones.They used smaller tools as they got closer to the bone.At the MuseumChapter 38Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Nic Taylor/Photodisc/Getty Images,(inset)Jean-Marc Giboux/Getty Images News/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 8001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 83/12/12 5:54 PM3/12/12 5:54 PMThis is a scan of Sues skull.This team used a CT scanner.It helped them to see inside the bones.But Sues huge skull didnt fit into the scanner.So the team sent it to a place where airplanes are scanned.Sues skull just fit!barely;almost did not.En espaol:apenas.skull9Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Ira Block/National Geographic/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 9001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 93/14/12 12:13 AM3/14/12 12:13 AMIt is not easy to put together a dinosaur skeleton.The team fixed cracks in the bones with glue.They also used a special clay to repair parts of bones.Sues skeleton was missing a few bones.The workers made new ones.It took a long time to fit the bones together.workers10Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)John Zich/Allied Van Lines/AP Photo001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 10001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 103/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AMThe workers also made copies of Sues skeleton.They made casts of each bone.Other museums would display the copies.Fitting Sues bones together was like doing a giant puzzle!show.En espaol:exhibir.It can take thousands of hours to get a skeleton ready to show.11Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Reuters/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 11001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 113/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AMSues skeleton needed a special frame to support it.But the skull was too heavy.So they made a lighter plastic cast of the skull.They put the real skull in a special case.Lighter is an adjective that uses-erto compare.Find another adjective that compares on page 8.Sues skull was large and hard to lift.12Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 12001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 123/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AMSome bones of a T.rex and a bird look similar.We dont know why T.rex had small arms.We do know that these arms were strong.The muscles on Sues arm left marks on her bones.We know that Sue was about 41 feet long.She stood about 12 feet high from the hip.She weighed about 9 tons.She was about 28 years old when she died.dinosaurbir d13Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Illustration:Rob Schuster001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 13001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 133/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AMSue is the largest T.rex ever found.Her fossils are the most complete.They are also in the best condition.This helped scientists research T.rex.As a result,we have learned many things.Scientists learn more about dinosaurs as new bones are discovered.Each new fossil helps us understand the past.They also teach us how animals have changed over time.Visitors are able to see Sue at the Field Museum.STOP AND CHECKWhat did scientists learn from studying Sue?14Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2(bkgd)Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images,(inset)Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 14001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 143/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AMMain IdeaDetailDetailDetailSummarizeUse the chart to help you summarize Digging for Sue.Text Evidence 1.How do you know that Digging for Sue is an informational text?Genre 2.What is the main idea on page 12?Main Idea and Key Details 3.The Greek root saur means“lizard.”How does that help you know the word dinosaur?Greek and Latin Roots 4.Write about the main idea and key details on page 13.Write About Reading15Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 15001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 153/12/12 5:56 PM3/12/12 5:56 PM Compare Texts Read about how explorers work as a team.Genre Informational TextThe ship was 20 feet underground.In 2010,an incredible discovery was made in New York City.A machine was digging at the site of a new building.Then,it hit something hard.It was an ancient wooden ship!Ancient Ship Discovered!Ancient Ship Discovered!Vesey St.Liberty St.West Side Hwy.BroadwayWorld Trade Center Site1730coastlineHudson RiverEast RiverSite of old ship that had been used as landfill16Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Illustration:Rob Schuster001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 16001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 163/12/12 5:56 PM3/12/12 5:56 PMScientists measured,labeled,and took photographs of things on the ship.Scientists hurried to the site.They needed to dig up the ship quickly.They did not want air to touch the old wood.That could destroy it.The wood was sent to a place to be studied.17Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Mark Lennihan/AP Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 17001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 173/14/12 12:14 AM3/14/12 12:14 AM Make ConnectionsWhy is it important to work as a team?Essential QuestionTell how the scientists in both selections protect items that they find.Text to Text Scientists found a coin and part of a shoe on the ship.Scientists studied the rings in the ships wood.This helped them find out when it was built.They think it was built between 1770 and 1780.Scientists hope to discover more of the ships secrets!18Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2Mark Lennihan/AP Images001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 18001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 183/12/12 5:56 PM3/12/12 5:56 PMIndexCT scanner,9fossils,23,7,14Field Museum,7,14plaster,78scans,9skeleton(s),5,1013Sue Hendrickson,35Sue,514T.rex,23,5,1314 CT scanner a machine that helps doctors look inside bodies (page 9)fossils the hardened remains of animals or plants that lived long ago (page 2)skeleton the frame that supports and protects the body of an animal (page 5)Glossary19Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 19001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 193/12/12 5:57 PM3/12/12 5:57 PMStep 2Step 1Purpose To find out how teamwork helps you exploreWhat to DoWork with a partner.Think about a time when you worked with a team to explore something.Create a chart like this one.Team MembersWhat We DidCharlietook notesConclusion Share your chart with the class.Talk about what you explored.Tell how each person helped.Talk about what your team learned.20Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 20001_020_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 203/12/12 5:57 PM3/12/12 5:57 PMLiterature CirclesNonfictionText StructureHow does the author organize information in Digging for Sue?VocabularyWhat new words did you learn after reading Digging for Sue?Conclusions What conclusions can you draw about Sues discovery?Program:CR14Component:LRPDFVendor:SRMGrade:2IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 3IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 32/14/12 3:18 PM2/14/12 3:18 PM