MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G3_On-Level_U5W3_23.pdf

PAIREDREADA Favor RepaidExpository Text by Kate SinclairProgram:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38CV_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 3CV_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 324/02/12 10:53 AM24/02/12 10:53 AMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Cover Radius/SuperStock.*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.ComprehensionStrategy:Ask and Answer QuestionsSkill:Authors Point of ViewVocabulary StrategySentence CluesVocabularyaccidental,careless,disasters,equipment,harmful,prevention,purpose,respondContent StandardsSocial Studies Civics and GovernmentWord count:1,237*Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-119016-4MHID:0-02-119016-XPrinted in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 224/02/12 10:54 AM24/02/12 10:54 AMPAIREDREAD Introduction .2Chapter 1United We Stand.4Chapter 2Firefighters at Work.8Chapter 3Safety in the Home.12Conclusion.14Respond to Reading.15A Favor Repaid .16Glossary/Index.19Focus on Social Studies .20Essential QuestionHow do teams work together?by Kate SinclairProgram:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 1001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 124/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMThe Great Fire of London destroyed more than 13,000 houses and hundreds of other buildings in the city.IntroductionLong ago,people needed fire to survive.They used fire to cook and to keep warm,but accidental fire was always a danger.Many buildings were made of wood.The buildings were often surrounded by forest.There was no running water to put out fires.There were no fire departments to call.A fire could destroy an entire village in just moments!Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:382001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 2001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 224/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMIn 1666,a firenow known as the Great Fire of Londonraged in the streets of London for over three days.Thousands of houses were destroyed.Many people died.The fire started in one small shop.It was a windy day.The wind helped to push the fire quickly across the city.The fire caused a great deal of damage.People realized that they would have to work together to protect themselves from fire.Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:383Heritage Images/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 3001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 324/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMCHAPTER 1 United We StandFire was a problem for the first settlers in America.People arrived in Jamestown,Virginia,from England in 1607.In 1608,a fire nearly destroyed the colony.Almost all of the houses were burned to the ground.It was not only Jamestown that suffered harmful fires in the 1600s.There were two big fires in Boston in 1653 and 1676.People realized that they needed to respond quickly to fires.The colonists began to form volunteer firefighting teams.Their purpose was to fight fires,and also to prevent fires from starting.Fighting Fire in the 16 00s Buckets of water were kept outside each house at night.Volunteers used long poles to collect the buckets.Volunteers raced to the fire with the buckets of water.Many volunteers were needed.4Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 4001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 424/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMFire damaged many buildings in American cities.This building was destroyed in 1882.This is the first fire engine ever built in the United States.William Penn founded the city of Philadelphia in 1682.Penn had witnessed the Great Fire of London.He tried to prevent fires when planning his new city.People were told to clean their chimneys regularly.Many new buildings were built from brick,instead of wood.5Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38(t)CORBIS,(b)Bettmann/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 5001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 524/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMBenjamin Franklin was one of our founding fathers.He started a volunteer firefighting group in Philadelphia.Franklin had witnessed terrible fires in Boston,and knew the dangers of them.In 1736,Franklin started a fire brigade called The Union Fire Company.It had 30 volunteers.These volunteers were heroes in their community.Women FirefightersWomen began volunteering in the 1800s.The first known female volunteer was African American woman Molly Williams.Molly fought fires in New York wearing a dress and an apron.In Pittsburgh,Marina Betts was known for throwing buckets of water over men who wouldnt help fight fires!Ben Franklin helped set up a volunteer firefighting company in Philadelphia.6Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Library of Congress Prints&Photographs Division LC-USZC2-2004001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 6001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 624/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMFirefighters work to put out a fire in Atlanta,Georgia.Working as a team was a very important part of being a volunteer firefighter in Ben Franklins time.It took many people to collect the buckets of water from outside peoples homes and carry them to the fire.To get the water to the fire as quickly as possible,volunteers would form a line and pass buckets of water from one to another down the line.Today,we have modern equipment to fight fires.But the job is just as important,and firefighters still need to work together as a team.Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:387Skip Nall/Photodisc/Getty Images001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 7001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 724/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMTodays firefighters use modern equipment,including high-pressure hoses,to fight fires.CHAPTER 2 Firefighters at WorkToday,there are more than 30,000 fire departments in the United States.Almost 90 percent of them are either completely or partly run by volunteers.This amounts to more than 800,000 people!All volunteers have a sense of civic duty.They want to help the people in their community.8Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Mark Karrass/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 8001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 824/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMFirefighters often work with members of other teams,such as paramedics.Firefighters work in teams.The captain,whos in charge,gives jobs to each firefighter.These jobs can change at a moments notice.That means all firefighters must learn to drive the fire truck,hook up the hoses,position the ladders,and enter burning buildings safely.Volunteer firefighters do more than fight fires.They help out during natural disasters,car accidents,and medical emergencies.Even if there is not a fire,theres still work to be done.The team needs to wash the fire trucks and take care of the other equipment.9Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Mike Watson Images/Alamy001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 9001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 924/02/12 12:05 PM24/02/12 12:05 PMVolunteer firefighters need a lot of training.First,they need to learn about fire safety.They usually have to pass a physical test as well.Firefighters have to be able to crawl through small spaces and move heavy ladders.They have to be able to drag a heavy hose for several hundred feet and carry it up and down several flights of stairs.Finally,they have to be able to carry a 180-pound person through a doorway.They practice by using a dummy.Firefighters must wear protective gear and carry heavy equipment.10Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Radius/SuperStock010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 10010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 108/03/12 10:23 AM8/03/12 10:23 AMThe alarm is ringing.A house is on fire.We run to the fire truck.Joe is our driver.My job is to control the hose.Anne looks after the ladders.When we get there,we find that the fire is hard to control.We all have our protective clothing and our breathing apparatus.We re not sure if everyone is out of the house.First,we help clear the house.An elderly man is last out.He is having trouble breathing.Peter,our first aid officer,gives him oxygen and helps him to breathe steadily again.Our new equipment helps make sure the fire is out.We are all exhausted!But everyone is safe,and the fire is contained.All in a Day s WorkFirefighters work together at a fire.Read about this firefighters day.11Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38PBNJ Productions/Blend Images/CORBIS010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 11010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 118/03/12 10:23 AM8/03/12 10:23 AMCHAPTER 3 Safety in the HomePeople have been aware of the need for fire prevention and fire safety for a long time.One of a firefighters jobs is to educate,or teach,people about fire safety.Do you know what to do if there is a fire in your home?Escape!Think about the layout of your home.Have a family meeting,and talk about the best ways to leave the house,especially at night.Choose a place away from the house to meet.Someone needs to be in charge of“counting heads”to check that everyone is out.Call the fire department as soon as you can,but dont stay in the house to do it.If your clothing catches fire,drop to the floor and roll over to put out the flames.STOPDROPROLL 12Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 12010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 128/03/12 10:23 AM8/03/12 10:23 AMHigh-Rise BuildingsIf you live in a tall building,check where your nearest fire exit is.Make sure you can find your way there in the dark.When you get out of the building,stay out.Tell the fire department if you think anyone is still inside.Smoke AlarmsA working smoke alarm can alert you to a fire at any time of the day or night.Make sure your home has smoke alarms on every level and near the bedrooms.Remember to change the batteries every six months.Stairs are the safest way out of a high-rise building during a fire.A working smoke alarm saves lives!13Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38(tr)The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc./Luke David,photographer,(bl)S.Wanke/PhotoLink/Getty Images010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 13010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 138/03/12 10:23 AM8/03/12 10:23 AMFirefighters teach people of all ages about fire safety.ConclusionPeople have known for a long time that its a good idea to work together to protect the community from fires.Today,many peoples lives are very busy.It can be difficult for them to find time to volunteer for services such as firefighting.Yet the work of volunteer firefighters is as important today as it has ever been.14Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38DreamPictures/Blend Images LLC010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 14010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 148/03/12 10:23 AM8/03/12 10:23 AMDetailsPoint of ViewSummarizeSummarize what you have learned about volunteer firefighters.Use the chart to help you.Text Evidence1.Firefighting Heroes is an expository text.This type of text gives information about a topic.Find two examples of information about firefighters in the text.GENRE2.How does the author describe volunteer firefighters?Give two examples.AUTHORS POINT OF VIEW3.What do you think prevent on page 4 means?What clues in the sentence help you figure out what it means?SENTENCE CLUES4.Write a paragraph describing how the author feels about volunteer firefighters.WRITE ABOUT READING15Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 15010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 158/03/12 10:24 AM8/03/12 10:24 AMA Favor Repaid Compare TextsRead about a woman who gets help from a very unusual source.Sal Fink was the daughter of a famous Mississippi boatman.She was as brave as her father,and just as loud.When she yelled,her voice echoed through the forest.One day,Sal heard grunting from the hollow of a tree.She saw three sleeping bear cubs.Sal bent to pat them.Patting wild animals is not a good idea,but Sal was careless about her safety.16Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 16016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 168/03/12 10:16 AM8/03/12 10:16 AMSal heard a low rumble behind her.She turned to face a very angry mother bear.The bear was going to attack!But Sal was up to the challenge.First,she yelled.That stopped the bear.Then she wrestled it to the ground.Sal had the bear at her mercy.She looked at the bear.Then she looked at the cubs.She patted the bear and walked away.A couple of years later,Sal was chopping down a tree.She didn t notice that the birds had stopped singing.Suddenly,Sal smelled smoke.She looked around.She could see flames and hear the crackle of burning wood.Every way Sal looked,she could see the flames.Sal knew how fast wildfires could spread.She didn t know which way to go.She yelled loudly,but there was no one to hear.Or so Sal thought!17Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Text:Karen Alexander,Illustration:Helen Tudor016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 17016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 178/03/12 10:16 AM8/03/12 10:16 AMMake ConnectionsWhat do you think was the main idea in A Favor Repaid?ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow are Firefighting Heroes and A Favor Repaid examples of teamwork?TEXT TO TEXTSuddenly,a bear came crashing out of the trees.The bear had recognized Sal s voice.It feared fire,but it remembered that Sal had spared its life.The bear ran toward Sal.Then it ran back.Sal realized the bear wanted her to follow.As Sal ran,she could hear trees falling.They came to the river and plunged in.Sal held onto the bear s fur and was towed to the other side.Sal clambered out and lay gasping,but safe.The bear looked at her and ambled away.From that time on,Sal would often catch a glimpse of black fur,but she never saw the bear again.18Program:CR 14Component:LR G3 U5 W3 O PDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:38Text:Karen Alexander,Illustration:Helen Tudor016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L38_O_119016.indd 18016_020_CR