MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G3_Beyond_U5W3_23.pdf

Expository TextPAIREDREADA Favor Repaid by Kate SinclairProgram:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40CV_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 224/02/12 10:14 AM24/02/12 10:14 AMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Cover Radius/SuperStock.*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word count:1,473*ComprehensionStrategy:Ask and Answer QuestionsSkill:Authors Point of ViewVocabulary StrategySentence CluesVocabularyaccidental,careless,disasters,equipment,harmful,prevention,purpose,respondContent StandardsSocial Studies Civics and GovernmentProgram:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118900-7MHID:0-02-118900-5Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 224/02/12 10:14 AM24/02/12 10:14 AMEssential QuestionHow do teams work together?PAIREDREADIntroduction .2Chapter 1United We Stand.4Chapter 2Firefighters at Work.8Chapter 3Safety in the Home.12Conclusion.14Respond to Reading.15A Favor Repaid.16Glossary/Index.19Focus on Social Studies .20by Kate SinclairProgram:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 1001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 18/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMIntroductionLong ago,people needed fire to survive.They used fire to cook and to keep warm,but accidental fire was always a danger.Buildings in the early settlements were made of wood.These small settlements were often surrounded by forest.There was no running water that people could use to put out the fires,and there were no fire departments to call.A fire could destroy an entire village in just moments!The Great Fire of London destroyed more than 13,000 houses and 400 streets,as well as hundreds of churches,schools,and other public buildings.Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:402001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 2001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 28/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMIn 1666,a terrible firenow known as the Great Fire of Londonswept through the streets of London for just over three days.Thousands of homes were destroyed,and many people died.The scary thing about this fire was that it started in one small shop.The city had narrow streets and wood houses that were close together.The fire started on a windy day.The wind helped to push the fire quickly across the city.Big disasters like the Great Fire made people realize that they needed to band together to protect themselves from fire.Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:403Heritage Images/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 3001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 38/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMCHAPTER 1 United We StandFire was a problem for the first settlers in America.Settlers from England arrived in Jamestown,Virginia,in 1607.In the first year of the settlement,a fire nearly destroyed the whole colony.Almost all of the houses were burned to the ground.It was not only Jamestown that suffered from harmful fires in the seventeenth century.There were two big fires in Boston in 1653 and 1676.People realized that they needed to respond quickly to fires.The colonists began to form volunteer firefighting teams.Their purpose was to fight fires,as well as to prevent fires from starting in the first place.Fighting Fire in the 1600s It took many volunteers to put out fires.People put buckets of water outside of their houses each night.If a fire broke out,volunteers would race from home to home collecting the buckets.They would use a long pole to pick up and carry the buckets.Then the volunteers would race to the fire with the water.4Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 4001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 48/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMThe city of Philadelphia was founded by William Penn in 1682.Penn had witnessed the Great Fire of London.He tried to prevent fire when planning his new city.He designed wide streets and kept open areas of land,so that it would be difficult for fire to spread over large areas.People were ordered to clean their chimneys regularly.Many new buildings were built from brick,rather than from wood.This is the first fire engine ever built in the United States.Fire damaged many buildings in American cities.This building,which housed a New York newspaper,was destroyed in 1882.5Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(t)CORBIS,(b)Bettmann/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 5001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 58/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMBenjamin Franklin was one of our founding fathers.He started a volunteer firefighting group in Philadelphia.Franklin had witnessed fires in Boston,where he grew up,so he understood the dangers of fire.In 1736,Franklin started a fire brigade called The Union Fire Company.It had 30 volunteers.These volunteers were heroes in their community.It was not long before other fire companies sprang up around Philadelphia.Franklin modeled his fire company after the ones he had seen in Boston.Women FirefightersWomen began volunteering in the early 1800s.The first known female firefighter was an African American woman named Molly Williams.Molly fought fires in New York wearing a dress and an apron.Marina Betts was another female volunteer.Marina was well known in Pittsburgh for throwing buckets of water over men who wouldnt help fight fires!6Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Library of Congress Prints&Photographs Division LC-USZC2-2004001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 6001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 68/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMWorking together as a team was a very important part of being a volunteer firefighter in Benjamin Franklins time.It took a lot of effort to collect buckets of water from outside peoples homes and transport these buckets to the fire.Volunteers would also create bucket brigades.They would form a line,with one end near the fire and the other near a source of water.Then they would pass the buckets of water down the line from one person to another.This way,they could get water to the fire as quickly as possible.Todays modern equipment makes fighting fires easier.However,firefighters still need to work together as a team to do this important job.These firefighters use a special ladder on the fire truck,with a hose attached,to fight a fire in Atlanta,Georgia.Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:407Skip Nall/Photodisc/Getty Images001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 7001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 78/03/12 9:43 AM8/03/12 9:43 AMCHAPTER 2 Firefighters at WorkToday,there are more than 30,000 fire departments in the United States.Almost 90 percent of these fire departments are either completely or partly staffed by volunteers.This amounts to more than 800,000 people!Many of these volunteers work in small,rural fire departments.All volunteers have a sense of civic duty.They volunteer so that they can protect people and help out in their community.Todays firefighters use modern equipment,including high-pressure hoses,to fight fires.8Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Mark Karrass/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 8001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 88/03/12 9:44 AM8/03/12 9:44 AMFirefighters work in teams,but there is usually a captain in charge.He or she gives duties to each firefighter.These duties can change at a moments notice.That means that all firefighters have to learn to drive the fire truck,hook up the hoses,position the ladders,and enter burning buildings safely.Volunteer firefighters do more than fight fires.Sometimes,they also help out during natural disasters,car accidents,and medical emergencies.Even when there is not a fire,there is still work to be done around the station.The team needs to wash the fire trucks and take care of all the other equipment.Firefighters often work with the members of other teams,such as paramedics.9Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Mike Watson Images/Alamy001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 9001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 98/03/12 9:44 AM8/03/12 9:44 AMVolunteer firefighters need a lot of training.First,they have to learn about fire safety.They learn to identify different types of fires and how they spread.They learn how to use and maintain all of the fire equipment.Volunteers also have to pass a physical test as well.They have to be able to crawl through small spaces.They have to be able to drag heavy hoses for several hundred feet and carry them up and down several flights of stairs.Finally,they have to be able to carry a 180-pound dummy through a doorway.Firefighters must wear protective gear and carry heavy equipment.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Radius/SuperStock010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 10010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 108/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMAll in a Day s WorkRead about this firefighters day.The alarm is ringing.A house is on fire.We run to the engine.Joe is our driver.We take our seats.My job is to control the hose.Anne looks after the ladders.When we get there,we find that the fire is hard to control.We all have our protective clothing and our breathing apparatus.We re not sure if everyone is out of the house.First,we help clear the house.An elderly man is last person out.He is having trouble breathing.Peter,our first aid officer,gives the man oxygen and helps him to breathe steadily again.We are very pleased that our new equipment helps make sure the fire is out.We are all exhausted!But everyone is safe,and the fire is contained.It is important for firefighters to communicate with each other during an emergency.11Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40PBNJ Productions/Blend Images/CORBIS010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 11010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 118/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMCHAPTER 3 Safety in the HomePeople have been aware of the need for fire prevention and fire safety since the times of early settlements,and it is still very important in our everyday lives.One of a firefighters jobs is to educate people of all ages about fire safety.Do you know what to do if there is a fire in your home?Escape!Think about the layout of your home.What is the safest way out in a fire?Have a family meeting and talk about the best ways out of the house,especially at night.Choose a place away from the house to meet.Choose someone to be in charge of“counting heads,”to check that everyone is out.Call the fire department as soon as possible,but never stay in the house to do it.If your clothing catches fire,drop to the floor and roll over to put out the flames.STOPDROPROLL12Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 12010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 128/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMHigh-Rise BuildingsIf you live in a tall building,know where the nearest fire exit is,and make sure you can find your way there in the dark.Remember not to take the elevator during a fire.Never go back inside once you have left the building.Tell the fire department if anyone is still in the building.Smoke AlarmsA working smoke alarm can alert you to a fire at any time of the day or night.Homes should have smoke alarms on every level and outside every bedroom.To make sure your smoke alarm is working,the batteries need to be changed every six months.Its a good idea to mark the dates on a calendar as a reminder.A working smoke alarm saves lives!Stairs are the safest way out of a high-rise building during a fire.13Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(tr)The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc./Luke David,photographer,(bl)S.Wanke/PhotoLink/Getty Images010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 13010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 138/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMConclusionPeople have known for a long time that its a good idea to work together to protect the community from fires.Today,many people lead very busy lives.It can be difficult for them to find time to volunteer for services such as firefighting.Yet the work of volunteer firefighters is as important today as it has ever been.Would you consider becoming a volunteer firefighter when youre older?Firefighters teach people of all ages about fire safety.14Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40DreamPictures/Blend Images LLC010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 14010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 148/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMDetailsPoint of ViewSummarizeSummarize what you have learned about volunteer firefighters.Use the chart to help you.Text Evidence1.Firefighting Heroes is an expository text.This type of text gives information about a topic.Find two examples of information about firefighters in the text.GENRE2.How does the author describe volunteer firefighters?Give two examples.AUTHORS POINT OF VIEW3.What do you think prevent on page 4 means?What other words in the sentence help you figure out what it means?SENTENCE CLUES4.Write a paragraph describing how the author feels about volunteer firefighters.WRITE ABOUT READING15Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 15010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 158/03/12 9:45 AM8/03/12 9:45 AMCompare TextsRead about a woman who gets help from a very unusual source.A Favor RepaidSal Fink was the daughter of a famous Mississippi boatman.She was as brave as her father,and just as loud.When she yelled,her voice echoed through the entire forest.One day,Sal was wandering in the forest when she heard grunting from the hollow of a tree.Then she saw three sleeping bear cubs.Sal couldn t help herself she bent down to pat them.Patting wild animals is not a good idea,but Sal was careless about her safety.16Program:CR 14Component:LRG3 U5 W3 BPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 16016_020_CR14_LR_G3_U5W3L40_B_118900.indd 1624/02/12 10:18 AM24/02/12 10:18 AMSal heard a low rumble behind her.She turned to face a very angry mother bear.The bear was going to attack,but Sal was equal to the challenge.She yelled,which stop