9780153502002.pdf

by Leonard Dillon|xHSKBPDy502002zv*:+:!:+:!ISBN-13:978-0-15-350200-2ISBN-10:0-15-350200-2 GRADE 4Lesson 13WORD COUNT993GENREExpository Nonfi ctionLEVELELLHarcourt LeveledReaders Online Database RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL_COV.indd 2-3RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL_COV.indd 2-311/15/06 6:17:38 PM11/15/06 6:17:38 PMCover,J.Emilio Flores/Corbis;p.3,Jonathan Blair/CORBIS;p.45,Jamie Rector/Getty Images;p.6,Steve Warmowski/Journal-Courier/The Image Works;p.7,Phil Schermeister/CORBIS;p.8,DB Martin Fger/dpa/Corbis;p.9,Reuters/CORBIS;p.1011,Jim Mahoney/The Image Works;p.12,Andreu Dalmau/epa/Corbis;p.13,Paul A.Souders/CORBIS;p.14,Layne Kennedy/CORBIS.Copyright by Harcourt,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopy,recording,or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher.Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights,Harcourt,Inc.,6277 Sea Harbor Drive,Orlando,Florida 32887-6777.Fax:407-345-2418.HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt,Inc.,registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.Printed in ChinaISBN 10:0-15-350200-2ISBN 13:978-0-15-350200-2Ordering OptionsISBN 10:0-15-349939-7(Grade 4 ELL Collection)ISBN 13:978-0-15-349939-5(Grade 4 ELL Collection)ISBN 10:0-15-357283-3(package of 5)ISBN 13:978-0-15-357283-8(package of 5)If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge,Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold.Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal.Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication,or any portion of it,into electronic format.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 985 12 11 10 09 08 07 06by Leonard DillonRXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 111/15/06 6:19:51 PM11/15/06 6:19:51 PMRXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 2RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 211/15/06 6:20:09 PM11/15/06 6:20:09 PM Yellowstone National Park is in the western part of the United States.The park was very dry in the summer of 1988.There had not been much rain that summer,and it had also been very hot.Then there was a storm.Lightning struck a tree,and the tree started to burn.The wind began to blow.The wind blew the fi re onto other trees.The other trees started to burn.Soon the forest was burning.The fi re burned for a long time.Almost one million acres of forest were burned by the time the fi re went out.One million acres is about the size of the state of Rhode Island!3RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 3RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 311/15/06 6:20:23 PM11/15/06 6:20:23 PM The fi re at Yellowstone National Park was a forest fi re.A forest fi re is a fi re that burns out of control in a forest.To burn“out of control”means that the fi re cannot be put out easily.Firefi ghters cannot stop the fi re from spreading.The forests at Yellowstone were very dry that summer because there was a drought.A drought is when it doesnt rain for a long time.The ground,trees,leaves,and grass get very dry during a drought.Dry plants and trees burn easily.The dry tree started on fi re when lightning struck it.4RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 4RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 411/15/06 6:20:55 PM11/15/06 6:20:55 PM There are many forest fi res each year.Forest fi res burn in the United States and South America.They burn in many other parts of the world too,such as in Europe and Australia.In the United States,about 4.3 million acres of forest burn each year.That is about the size of four Rhode Islands!In 2003,a forest fi re in California burned over 280,000 acres.It was the largest forest fi re in California history.5RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 5RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 511/15/06 6:23:49 PM11/15/06 6:23:49 PM Forest fi res start in different ways.Sometimes people start the fi res by mistake.A person who lives near a forest may burn something,such as leaves or grass.One of the burning leaves could blow out of the fi re.That leaf could spread the fi re to one of the trees in the forest.The tree catches on fi re,and then the tree next to that one catches on fi re.To“catch on fi re”means that something begins to burn.The fi re spreads,and soon there is a forest fi re.6RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 6RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 611/15/06 6:24:13 PM11/15/06 6:24:13 PM Campfi res also cause forest fi res.People often make a campfi re when they go camping in the forest.They cook their food on the campfi re.Sometimes people go away when their campfi re is still smoldering.Wind can blow the campfi re onto a nearby tree,and the tree can catch on fi re.Small twigs on the forest fl oor might start burning.The fi re can spread to some bushes,and these bushes can start trees on fi re.That is why it is important to put out all campfi res.7RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 7RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 711/15/06 6:24:38 PM11/15/06 6:24:38 PM Lightning can start forest fi res,too.Lightning may strike trees during a storm.Sometimes the trees catch on fi re,and then a forest fi re begins.Wind helps forest fi res grow and spread.A fi re needs oxygen to keep burning.Oxygen is a gas in the air.People need oxygen to breathe.A fi re will go out without oxygen.Wind brings oxygen to a fi re.8RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 8RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 811/15/06 6:24:53 PM11/15/06 6:24:53 PM A strong wind can cause a fi re to get larger.Strong winds can make fi res that are almost out burn again.Also,the wind can help the fi re spread.The wind blows the fi re to other trees and bushes.Then the other trees and bushes start on fi re.9RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 9RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 911/15/06 6:25:47 PM11/15/06 6:25:47 PM Large forest fi res can turn into fi restorms.A fi restorm is a large forest fi re with very strong winds.The fi re causes the wind to blow.First,the forest fi re gets very large and very hot.The heat from the fi re rises into the air.This hot air meets cold air up above.When the cold air and hot air meet,very strong winds start to blow.Some of these winds start to move around,or twist,like a tornado.There are small tornadoes of fi re on the edge of a forest fi re.Firestorms spread quickly and are very dangerous to fi refi ghters.10RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 10RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1011/15/06 6:26:12 PM11/15/06 6:26:12 PM Forest fi res are diffi cult to put out.Firefi ghters can drive right up to a house that is on fi re.They can spray water on the fi re until it goes out.Many forest fi res are deep in the forest.Fire trucks cannot get through to the fi res.Also,forests are much larger than houses.Firefi ghters can put out some of the forest fi re.Other parts of the forest can still be burning.There is often no water in the forest to throw on the fi re.This is why forest fi res can sometimes burn for weeks.11RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 11RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1111/15/06 6:26:29 PM11/15/06 6:26:29 PM Firefi ghters work hard to put out forest fi res.Firefi ghters pour water,sand,and dirt on the fi res.Often the fi refi ghters use helicopters or airplanes.The helicopter or airplane scoops up a large amount of water from a pond or lake.Then the pilot dumps the water onto the fi re.Sometimes fi refi ghters with parachutes jump out of the helicopter or airplane.The fi refi ghters land on the ground near the fi re.Then they start to fi ght the fi re.Fighting forest fi res is very dangerous work.12RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 12RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1211/15/06 6:26:59 PM11/15/06 6:26:59 PM Firefi ghters try to decide which direction the fi re is moving.Then the fi refi ghters move ahead of the fi re.They cut down trees and branches.They clear away bushes and grass.The fi refi ghters make a large open space in the forest.Soon the fi re reaches that space in the forest.There is nothing left to burn,so the fi re dies out.13RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 13RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1311/15/06 6:27:13 PM11/15/06 6:27:13 PM Forest fi res can actually help a forest!Fires kill unhealthy trees.Fires burn up old,dead trees on the forest fl oor.The fi res remove old brush.Clearing away all these things allows new trees and plants to grow.The ashes from the burned trees also make the soil better.Plants and trees can grow better in this changed soil.A forest fi re is a dangerous and terrible thing,but sometimes it is natures way of making sure the forest will continue to exist.14RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 14RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1411/15/06 6:27:30 PM11/15/06 6:27:30 PMTo the TeacherScaffolded Language DevelopmentIDIOMS Remind students that some phrases do not mean exactly what the words in the phrases mean.The words together mean something different.Review with students the meaning of the idioms in the word bank.Then read the sentences below.Have students complete the sentences with the correct idiom from the word bank.Word Bank:catch on fi re,put out,die out,out of control1.The fi refi ghters are trying to the fi re.2.Everyone hopes that the fi re will fi nally.3.If you build a campfi re,be careful that nearby trees do not.4.The wildfi re was burning.Invite students to pick out one of these idioms and use it in a sentence.ScienceExplain It Have students write three sentences that explain how wind helps a forest fi re spread and grow.School-Home ConnectionForest Fire Have students make a list of words that describe a forest fi re.Suggest that they share some of the words with a family member.Word Count:993RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 15RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1511/15/06 6:27:49 PM11/15/06 6:27:49 PMRXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 16RXENL08ARD4E13_ELL.indd 1611/15/06 6:28:12 PM11/15/06 6:28:12 PM