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Harcourt LeveledReaders Online Database 9 780153 5029969 0 0 0 0ISBN-13:978-0-15-350299-6ISBN-10:0-15-350299-1 GRADE 5Lesson 29WORD COUNT955GENREExpository NonfictionLEVELELLby Amelia BrodeurRXENL08ARD5E29_ELR_CVR.indd 2-311/14/06 10:51:51 PMby Amelia BrodeurCover,NASA/AP Images;p.3,AP Photo;p.4,Harcourt Telescope;p.5,Associated Press;p.6,AP photo/NASA;p.8,AFP/Getty Images;p.9,Bettman/CORBIS;p.10,AP Photo/NASA;p.11,AP Photo/stf;p.12,AP Photo/NASA;p.13,AP Photo/NASA;p.14,NASA.Copyright by Harcourt,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopy,recording,or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher.Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights,Harcourt,Inc.,6277 Sea Harbor Drive,Orlando,Florida 328876777.Fax:407-345-2418.HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt,Inc.,registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.Printed in MexicoISBN 10:0-15-350299-1ISBN 13:978-0-15-350299-6Ordering OptionsISBN 10:0-15-349940-0(Grade 5 ELL Collection)ISBN 13:978-0-15-349940-1(Grade 5 ELL Collection)ISBN 10:0-15-357338-4(package of 5)ISBN 13:978-0-15-357338-5(package of 5)If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge,Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold.Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal.Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication,or any portion of it,into electronic format.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 126 12 11 10 09 08 07 06RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 111/15/06 7:48:50 AMRXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 210/2/06 6:20:22 PMA race between countries can be even more exciting than a race between people.In the 1950s and 1960s,the United States was in an important race withthe Soviet Union.The finish line was the moon!The great race began on October 4,1957.The Soviet Union,which later split into Russia and several other countries,got off to a great start.The Soviet Union launched the worlds first satellite,Sputnik.Sputnik means“traveler”in Russian.Sure enough,Sputnik did travelaround the earth.This satellite was about twice the size of a basketball.Sputnik circled the earth in 98 minutes.3RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 311/15/06 8:00:21 AMToday many satellites orbit the earth.These satellites have many different jobs.Some satellites bounce signals from one place to another.We get these signals when we watch television,listen to the radio,or talk on the phone.People flying airplanes or steering boats also use satellite signals.These signals help people go in the right direction.Some satellites look down on our planet and tell us about the weather.Other satellites have cameras that can take close-up pictures of people,places,and events on earth.Look up and smile!4RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 411/21/06 2:11:31 PM5The Soviet Union launched a second satellite only a month after the first Sputnik went up.This second satellite was called Sputnik II.It had a passenger.A dog named Laika,which means“barker”in Russian,became the first living creature in space.Laika was hooked up to machines.These machines told scientists on earth how she was affected by being in space.Sadly,Laika did not survive very long in space.These results were disappointing.Scientists did not think that a human would be able to live through a space trip either.RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 511/15/06 8:04:08 AM6The United States did not just sit and watch while the Soviet Union launched its satellites.Americas very first satellite went into orbit in January 1958.That satellite was called Explorer.The race was on!The United States and the Soviet Union continued to launch satellites for the next few years.Both countries also tested rockets.On January 31,1961,the United States placed a chimpanzee named Ham into a rocket.Ham had been specially trained for this trip for many months.Ham traveled in his rocket 157 miles(253 km)into space.Ham was examined by doctors when he landed back on earth.Ham was tired and thirsty,but he was fine!He became a hero,appearing on many television programs.He lived until January 17,1983almost 22 years after his flight.RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 611/21/06 2:10:44 PM7RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 710/2/06 6:22:13 PM8Americans were excited about Hams successful trip.However,the Soviet Union pulled ahead again in the space race just three months later.On April 12,1961,a man named Yuri A.Gagarin orbited the earth.His rocket,Vostok I,circled the planet once before heading home.The entire trip lasted 108 minutes.About three weeks later,on the morning of May 5,the United States also launched a man into space.Astronaut Alan B.Shepherd,Jr.,was launched 116 miles(187 km)into the sky.His flight on Freedom 7 lasted fifteen minutes.Unlike Yuri Gagarin,Shepherd did not orbit the earth.RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 810/2/06 6:40:00 PMIn November 1961,a chimp named Enos became the first“American”to go into orbit.Enos had spent 1,250 hours training for his job!He circled the planet twice and returned to earth.He ran around,shaking everyones hand when he finally came out of the spacecraft!A person would be next!9RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 911/21/06 2:10:13 PMThat person was John H.Glenn,Jr.On February 20,1962,cameras clicked as Glenn boarded Friendship 7.Millions of Americans listened to their radios to hear the news of Glenns trip as it was happening.He circled the earth three times.Glenn was a hero when he returned from space.America was ahead in the race.The next stop was the moon.10RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1010/2/06 6:23:51 PM11Scientists had to learn more about the moon first,though.Cameras were sent into space to take pictures of the moon.American scientists studied more than 17,000 close-up pictures of the moons surface.On December 21,1968,Americans finally began their first trip to the moon.Three men in Apollo 8 had an exciting job.Their mission was to get close to the moon and circle it ten times.On Christmas Eve,the astronauts transmitted a holiday greeting to people on earth.Apollo 8s entire trip lasted seven days.RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1110/2/06 6:24:06 PMMore Americans circled the moon in the following months.The Apollo 9 and Apollo 10 crews tested the lunar module.The lunar module was the vehicle that would finally take people to the moons surface.12RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1210/2/06 6:38:40 PMOn July 20,1969,millions of Americans watched an exciting event on live television.The lunar module from Apollo 11 had landed on the moons surface.Astronaut Neil A.Armstrong had just climbed out.His foot touched the moon.Then Armstrong said,“Thats one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind.”Armstrongs historic footprint is still there!If you left your footprint in the sand it would go away.Wind,snow,and rain wash away footprints on sand and soil.On the moon,there is no wind,snow,or rain.13RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1311/21/06 2:09:19 PMNeil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon.Edwin“Buzz”Aldrin followed.The two men spent almost three hours exploring the area where they had landed.People weigh much less on the moon than they do on earth.Armstrong and Aldrin seemed to be hopping around with joy even with their heavy space suits.The astronauts collected rocks and soil to take home to study.They also proudly planted an American flag in the ground.Four days later,the two men arrived safely back on earth.The United States had won the race to the moon.14RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1411/15/06 8:09:07 AMTo the TeacherWord Count:955Scaffolded Language DevelopmentPHRASAL VERBS With students,locate the phrasal verbs on page 13:landed on,climbed out,and wash away.Point out that,for example,wash away has a different meaning than the verb to wash has on its own.Explain that a phrasal verb is a verb made up of two wordsa verb and a prepositionthat go together.Review these phrasal verbs with students:break downcall offcross outmix upput offgive upHave students write the equations on a sheet of paper and write the phrasal verb that completes each equation.1.cancel=_2.confuse=_3.delay=_4.draw a line through=_5.stop working=_6.quit=_ ScienceWeightlessness Have students discuss what it might be like to be weightless.Have them list things that would be more difficult to do and things that would be easier to do if they were weightless.School-Home Connection The Moon Landing Ask older family members where they were when the American astronauts first landed on the moon.Ask them what they recall of the event.RXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1511/15/06 8:10:44 AMRXENL08ARD5E29_ELL.indd 1610/2/06 6:29:57 PM