MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_On-Level_U6W4_29.pdf

Marjory Stoneman DouglasBY JANE KELLEYBY JANE KELLEYGUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADESPAIREDREADThe Story of the Tree MusketeersBiographyProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60CV_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 213/03/12 1:56 PM13/03/12 1:56 PMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:(bkgd)Digital Vision/Punchstock,(tr)Morton Beebe/CORBIS*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word Count:2,312*ComprehensionStrategy:Ask and Answer QuestionsSkill:Problem and SolutionVocabulary StrategySynonyms and AntonymsVocabularyexport,glistening,influence,landscape,native,plantations,restore,urgedContent StandardsScienceLife ScienceProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118570-2MHID:0-02-118570-0Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 213/03/12 1:57 PM13/03/12 1:57 PMMarjory Stoneman DouglasGUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADESBY JANE KELLEYPAIREDREAD Introduction .2Chapter 1Early Life.3Chapter 2A River of Grass.7Chapter 3Fighting On .10Conclusion.14Respond to Reading .15The Story of the Tree Musketeers .16Glossary/Index .19 Focus on Science.20Essential QuestionWhat impact do our actions have on our world?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Digital Vision/Punchstock001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 1001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 113/03/12 1:59 PM13/03/12 1:59 PMIntroductionThis area of grassland in the Everglades National Park is known as a freshwater prairie.What do you see when you look at this photograph of the Everglades?Do you just see lots of grass?The early explorers named this area of southern Florida the“Everglades”because the glades,or grassy places,seemed to go on forever.The water does,too,flowing all across the region.The ground is too wet for planting crops or for building.Many people looked at this landscape and saw a useless swamp.Writer and environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas had a different perspective.She appreciated how different the Everglades were from anywhere else.She wrote:“They are unique in the simplicity,the diversity,the related harmony of the forms of life they enclose.”She also described the beauty of the Everglades:“The miracle of the light pours over the green and brown expanse of saw grass and of water,shining and slow-moving below,the grass and water that is the meaning and the central fact of the Everglades of Florida.”Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:602MedioImages/PunchStock 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 2001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 213/03/12 1:59 PM13/03/12 1:59 PMCHAPTER ONEMarjory Stoneman Douglas s writings on the Everglades would influence many people s thinking.How did Douglas end up writing about the Everglades?She never spent a lot of time outdoors.In fact,she wasn t even from Florida,although she had happy memories of a trip she took to Tampa as a child.The warm Florida sunshine must have seemed wonderful to a girl from the north.Marjory was born in Minneapolis on April 7,1890.Most of her childhood was spent with her mother s family in Massachusetts.Marjory spent lots of time in libraries,where she loved discovering things in books.She read everything she could get her hands on.She didn t know it then,but she was acquiring the research skills that would be useful to her when she became a writer.This photograph was taken when Marjory was one and a half years old.CHAEarly Life3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(cr)Special Collections,University of Miami Libraries,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald,(t)Digital Vision/Punchstock 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 3001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 313/03/12 1:59 PM13/03/12 1:59 PMIn 1908,Marjory started at Wellesley College.She was very happy to be with other young women who were just as interested in books as she was.In her senior year,she was editor of the college yearbook.She was chosen to be the class orator because she was so good at giving speeches.Marjory attended Wellesley College outside of Boston,Massachusetts.After graduating in 1912,Marjory didn t know what to do next.At that time,women were not encouraged to have careers.Marjory didn t think she could succeed as a writer,so she took a job in a department store in Newark,New Jersey.She taught basic skills in grammar and math to sales clerks.She was married to Kenneth Douglas for less than two years.When her marriage ended in 1915,she moved to Miami,Florida,where her father lived.4Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(t)Boston Globe/Getty Images,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 4001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 413/03/12 1:59 PM13/03/12 1:59 PMDouglas s father,Frank Stoneman,was editor-in-chief of The Miami Herald.He hired his daughter to write the paper s society column.Douglas was thrilled to be writing.She said she had discovered what she was meant to do.Her father also shared with Douglas his passion for preserving Miami s older neighborhoods and the areato the city s west called the Everglades.Douglas loved her job on the Herald.However,when World War I started,she joined the Red Cross.The Red Cross needed more staff and volunteers to relieve the suffering caused by the war.Many women joined as a way to contribute to the war effort.From Europe Douglas wrote about the work that the Red Cross was doing there and urged people to keep supporting its efforts.She also saw the plight of refugees who d had to leave their homes after the war,and as a result,she was always sympathetic to people in trouble.Douglass father,Frank Stoneman,hired her as a newspaper writer.5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(tr)Special Collections,University of Miami Libraries,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 5001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 513/03/12 1:59 PM13/03/12 1:59 PMDraining the wetlands affected the animals and plants living there.World War I ended in 1918.When Douglas came back to Miami in 1920,she found that the city s population had quadrupled.The city needed to expand.Much of the land near Miami was part of the Everglades.However,most developers didn t think about the native animals,such as alligators and egrets,and plants,such as mangroves and sawgrass,that were already living there.The developers dug canals to drain the wetlands.Douglas became the assistant editor of the Herald.Her weekly column,called The Galley,dealt with the important issues of the day.Her experiences during the war made her aware of the importance of decent living conditions.She wrote about women s rights because at that time,women were pushing for the right to vote.She also urged that the Everglades be made a national park so that the area would be protected.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:606()ChS if/CORBIS(b)WldC/JiM Dld(bc)Galen Rowell/CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald 001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 6001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 613/03/12 2:00 PM13/03/12 2:00 PMA River of Grass CHAPTER TWODouglas worked hard editing the newspaper and writing her column.She also started campaigns to help people,such as one to provide milk for Miami s poor families.Working for these causes,along with the stress of having to meet newspaper deadlines,exhausted Douglas.In 1924,she quit the newspaper and concentrated on writing short stories,which she sold to magazines.However,she never forgot the social issues that were important to her.For instance,her story“Plumes”told how the fashion for feathers on ladies hats led to killing Everglades birds,such as the egret.Although some of her stories won awards,Douglas wasn t always able to sell her work and sometimes found it hard to earn a living.Then in 1941,her friend Hervey Allen asked her if she would be interested in writing a book about the Miami River.This striking bird is a great egret,photographed in the Everglades.7Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(cr)Chase Swift/CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 7001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 713/03/12 2:00 PM13/03/12 2:00 PMHervey Allen was editing a series of books about great rivers.Douglas didn t think the Miami River was important enough to be part of the series.She suggested writing a book about the Everglades instead.Allen agreed to publish the book.Douglas got right to work.Her skills as a reporter were useful when she interviewed people to learn more about the region.She intended to cover a range of topics,from the history of the Seminoles,the Native Americans who lived in the Everglades,to how the geology of the area makes the place unique.She was speaking with a hydrologist when she came up with a phrase that changed the way many people thought about the Everglades.She said that she saw the Everglades not as astagnant swamp,but as a glistening“river of grass.”In her book,Douglas described the Everglades as unlike any other region in the world:There are no other Everglades in the world.They are one of the unique regions of the earth,remote,never wholly known.Nothing anywhere else is like them;their vast glittering openness,wider than the enormous visible round of the horizon,the racing free saltness and sweetness of their massive winds,under the dazzling blue heights of space.This Seminole man rowed a dugout canoe through the Everglades in 1921.8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(tr)CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 8001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 813/03/12 2:00 PM13/03/12 2:00 PMWhat makes the Everglades unique?Look at the large lake in the center of the map below.Water overflows the lake s basin and travels south across a bed of limestone.Sawgrass grows on top of the stone.This kind of water flow isn t found anywhere else in the world.Douglas was right:The Everglades truly are a river of grass,dotted with islands of slightly higher ground,covered with shrubs and trees.THE ECOSYSTEM The Everglades have many habitats.Each is home to a group of living things that interact with one another and the environment to form the Everglades ecosystem.Each habitat must supply the right conditions for these living things to survive.If the temperature isnt right,or there isnt enough food or water,then the ecosystem could collapse.WATER FLOW TH H HROUGH T THE EVERGLADE ESLake Okeechobee0 050100MILESKissimmee RiverF F F F F F F F F F F FOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOA A A A A AOOOOOOOOOOOOO R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IF L O R I D AO R I D AR R I IEvergladesWater flow KEYNSWEMiami9Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(bc)Mountain High Maps/Digital Wisdom,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 9001-009_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 913/03/12 2:00 PM13/03/12 2:00 PMFighting OnCHAPTER THREEThe Everglades:River of Grass was published in November 1947.Douglas was 57 years old.The first printing of 7,500 copies sold out in one month.Readers appreciated the beauty of Douglas s descriptions and her explanations of how local people were connected to this special place.The“river of grass”wasn t just nourishing the plants and animals,it also provided the people with water.If the Everglades were drained,then water wouldn t flow into the aquifers underneath the sawgrass.Southern Florida would become a semitropical desert.One month after the book was published,Douglas attended a ceremony on the edge of the Everglades.President Truman set aside about 1.5 million acres(or one-third)of the Everglades as a national park.Unlike the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone,the Everglades didn t have spectacular features.However,the area did have defenders,such as Marjory Stoneman Douglas,who helped show people why they needed to protect this unique place.This is the cover of the original book.Later editions have a different cover.nt cover.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60(br)CHUCK FADELY KRT/Newscom,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 10010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 1013/03/12 2:01 PM13/03/12 2:01 PMAlthough Douglas was in awe of the Everglades,she didn t find it a welcoming place.As she said,“To be a friend of the Everglades isn t necessarily to spend time wandering around there.it s too buggy,too wet,too generally inhospitable.”Despite the success of her book and the existence of the national park,Douglas didn t stop working.She wrote other nonfiction books about Florida,including two for younger readers,Freedom River and Alligator Crossing.She was often asked to speak about her most famous book.While some parts of the Everglades were protected,the rest was still being threatened.The owners of sugar plantations wanted to control the water so they could grow more sugarcane.The Army Corps of Engineers dug canals to drain the water away from the sawgrass marshes.Developers wanted more dry land to build housing for Miami s growing population.Douglas was instrumental in saving the Florida Everglades.11Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U6W4 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:60Morton Beebe/CORBIS,(b)Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 11010-015_CR14_LR_G5_U6W4L60_O_118570.indd 1113/03/12 2:01 PM13/03/12 2:01 PMPROTECTING OTHER WETLANDSAll around the world,people are discovering that they need to protect the special places in their communities.In 1990,Rosa Hilda Ramos formed Communities United Against Contamination in San Juan,the capital of Puerto Rico,to make people aware of pollution and its effects on the area.The group worked to get companies to clean up pollution and pay fines.The money was used to purchase Las Cucharillas Marsh.This wetland area not only provides a buffer against flooding,but is also a sanctuary for birds and the local people.In 1969,developers planned to build an airport in the Everglades.Joe Browder,a former TV reporter and an environmentalist,asked Douglas to help him stop the proposed six-runway airport.She started an organization called Frie