第三章电路的暂态分析3.2.1图3.01所示各电路在换路前都处于稳态,试求换路后其中电流i的初始值(0)i+和稳态值()i∞。(b)t=06AiΩ2L1L2(a)t=06Vi+-Ω2Ω2Lt=06Vi+-Ω2Ω2C(c)(d)t=06Vi+-Ω2Ω2CΩ2图3.01解:(a)A5.1265.0)0(5.0)0(21)0(=×===−++LLiiiA326)(==∞i(b)02662)0(62)0(6)0(=−=−−=−=++ccuuiA5.1226)(=+=∞i(c)A6)0()0(==−+iiA0)(=∞i(d)A75.04364)0(622)0(6)0(=−=−=+−=−++ccuuiA12226)(=++=∞i3.4.1在图3.07(a)的电路中,u为一阶跃电压,如图3.07(b)所示,试求3i和cu。设V1)0(c=−u。(a)图3.071uFuC-++-Ωk2Ωk2Ωk1R1R2R3uCi3u04V(b)t解:s102)(331312−×=++=CRRRRRτV22224)(C=+×=∞uV1)0()0(CC==−+uuV2)(500Ctetu−−=mA75.0)(1)(4)0(31131312322323213=+++++++=+RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRimA144)(3==∞imA25.01)(5003teti−−=3.4.2电路如图3.08所示,求0t≥时(1)电容电压Cu,(2)B点电位Bv和(3)A点电位Av的变化规律。换路前电路处于稳态。t=0+6V-6VABSΩk10Ωk25Ωk5pF100+-uC图3.08解:(1)求0≥t时的电容电压CuV15255)6(0)0()0(C=×+−−==−+CuuV5.1525510)6(6)(C=×++−−=∞u[]s1044.010100105//)2510(6123−−×=×××+=τ故V5.05.1)5.11(5.1)(66103.21044.0Ctteetu×−×−−=−+=−t=0_时+6V-6VABΩk10Ωk25Ωk5pF100+-uCt=0+时+6V-6VABΩk10Ωk25Ωk5+-1V(2)求0≥t时的B点电位Bv注意,+=0t时,由于电容中存在电流,0CC≠=dtduCi因此,10K和5K电阻中的电流不等。V86.214.361025101126)0(B=−=×+−−=+vV31025510126)(B=×++−=∞vV14.03)386.2(3)(66103.2103.2Btteetv×−×−−=−+=(3)求0≥t时的A点电位CvV36.05.1)()()(6103.2CBAtetutvtv×−+=−=3.4.4有一RC电路[图3.10(a)],其输入电压如图3.10(b)所示。设脉冲宽度T=RC。试求负脉冲的幅度U_等于多大才能在t=2T时使0=Cu。设0)0(=Cu图3.10+-uCu(V)010U_tCRu+-T2T(a)(b))c()V(ut0−UT2T10[解1]:暂态过程可以分为充电和放电两个阶段。在充电阶段,Tt≤≤0,Cu的初值为0V,稳态值为10V,时间常数为RC。由三要素法可求得)(tuC为)1(10)(τtCetu−−=因为RCT==τ,故V32.6)11(10)(=−=eTuC在放电阶段,TtT2≤≤,Cu的初始值为)(TuC,稳态值为−U,时间常数不变。由三要素法求得[][]01)()()2(2=−+=−+=−−−−−−eUTUUeUTUUTuTTCτ由此可解得V68.3101)11(10−=−=−−=−VeeeU[解2]:仔细分析图(c)所示的充、放电过程可以发现:...