01.知识总结-高考总复习：数词.doc

让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 高考总复习：数词 真题再现 1. (2015届高陕西省西安地区八校高三下学期联考)The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took __pictures of them． A．a good many of B．the number of C．a quantity of D．a large amount of 解析：C。句意：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着他们的靓装看起来那么迷人，以至于我们拍了他们的好多照片。a good many修饰可数名词复数，一般不加of，若加of，则名词前应有限定词；the number of……的数量；a quantity of大量的，可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词；a large amount of大量的，只修饰不可数名词。故选C。 2. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 解析：C。主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。 3. According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 解析：D。本题考查比较级的结构，as ….. as , 注意句中的more than 只是修饰twice。 4. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost his. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 解析：B。考查as----as同级比较前的修饰语位置。twice应该放在第一个as之前，选B符合。 5. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 解析：B。Either …or…. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。 6.—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited. A. were B. have been C. has been D. was 解析：D。主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。 7. hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of。 She went to the bookstore and bought . A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books 解析：D。dozen与数词或many，several连用时其后不加s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字时，其后一般不与of连用。 其谓语动词用复数，故选D项。 8. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are 解析：B。由a survey可知第一个空用shows，首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。 9. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area . A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 解析：A。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two-thirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings ，排除B、C两项，need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。 10. It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless. A. two thousand B. two-thousands C. two thousands D. two thousands of 解析：A。hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen，score等指具体数字时，不用复数形式, 如one hundred，two thousand，three million；指大约数字时，常用复数形式，如tens of， millions of，scores of等。 语法讲解 高考对数词的考查侧重于：数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别；数词复数的特殊用法；序数词前不用the的情况；dozen和score 的特殊用法。对倍数的考查；主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要考查内容之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来呈现，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致等，同时还涉及动词的时态、语态等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意分数、百分数等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。   数词的分类 数词分为基数词和序数词。它用来表示数目或顺序，表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 基数词 基数词的复数用法： 基数词在用来表示准确数字的情况下不能加复数后缀“s”。以下基数词可以加复数后缀“s”，因为它们表达的都是大概的数字。 1. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如thousands of / millions of / hundreds and hundreds of / hundreds of thousands of / thousands upon thousands of, scores of... There are hundreds of thousands of people in the park. 2. 在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里，如“in twos and threes 三三两两”。 They came home from church by twos and threes. 3. at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 His wife was away and the house was at sixes and sevens. 4. 表示“几十岁”：in one's fifties 在五十多岁时（fifties 前可插入 early, late, mid-, middle) The boys are all in their teens. Jane is only in her early forties. She was in her mid-twenties. He was then in his late seventies. 5. 表示“年代”，用“in +the +数词复数”：in the 1960s (in the 1960's) 二十世纪六十年代 He made acquaintance of her in the 1960s. 6.在乘法运算的一种表示法里： 3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. 基数词及其修饰语 修饰语表示大致的量：about 大约；approximately 大约；around 大约；or so 左右；roughly 约略；some 大约 There were roughly 500 people. The time is approximately ten o'clock. It'll only cost 15 dollars or so. 修饰语表示最小量：a minimum of 至少；at least 至少；more than 多于；or more 或更多；over 多于；plus 多于 You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. It costs over ten dollars. All the children here are 12 plus. 修饰语表示最大量：almost 差不多；nearly 将近；a maximum of 最多；at most 至多；less than 少于；or less 或少于；under 低于；up to 到……之多 I can swim a maximum of 1 mile. She is nearly fifty now. My shirt cost under two pounds. 序数词 基数词变序数词口诀 基变序，有规律， 词尾加上-th。 一、二、三，特殊记， 结尾字母t, d, d (first, second, third) 八去t, 九去e, (eighth, ninth) ve要用 f替; (fifth, twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。(eighty-forth, ninety-fifth) 注意：序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字的后面加上序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, ...41st, 52nd, 63rd, 74th。 hundred, thousand, million等序数词形式为hundredth, thousandth, millionth。如：five hundredth (500th) 第500，ten thousandth (10000th) 第10000。 数词的用法 倍数表示法 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 用by+倍数，表示“增加多少倍”。 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 分数表示法 1. 用“基数词＋序数词”表示：分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。 The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter. 厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。 However, the number of the boys will be less than a third of the girls in the class. 但是班里男生的人数将比女生的三分之一更少。 分子为1时，既可以用one，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母则要用复数形式。 三分之一 one third；三分之二 two thirds 二分之一不能说 a (one) second，而要说 a (one) half。 四分之一和四分之三可以说 a(one) fourth 和 three-fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters 表示。 分数修饰的名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与名词保持一致。 Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting. 带分数的表示：整数部分与分数部分要用连词and 连接。 You should finish the work within one and a fourth hours. 6. 分数常和of 连用，作主语或宾语，但分数也可以不带of 短语直接作主语或宾语。 In U.S., two-thirds continue to support death penalty. 分数、百分数等修饰名词作主语时的“主谓一致” 1. 分数和百分数不能直接跟名词或代词，而是后跟“of+冠词/限定词+名词/代词”，其后的谓语动词与后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 Two fifths of the money was spent on books. 2. “a great many/a large number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a great deal of/ a large amount of/a large sum of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3. “a large quantity of+名词”作主语时谓语动词的数要与名词的数保持一致；“large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 4.“a/an+单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。  A year and a half has passed. One and a half apples is left on the table. 5. “more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“more+名词复数+than one”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 More than one person was absent. More students than one have been there. 注意下面表达方式： 1. 基数词和序数词同时作一个名词的定语时，要注意哪一个更贴近中心词。 the first three pages 前三页； two first prizes 两个一等奖 2. “每隔……”的表达方式： every other day/ every two days 每隔一天 3. 货币的表达方法： pound(英镑)的复数为pounds penny(便士)的复数pennies表示单个硬币，pence表示币值 dollar(美元) 的复数为dollars 但是人民币yuan的复数不变。 4. 数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another的意思，但比another 的意思更明确。 Roslan married his first wife in 1986 and his second in 1995. He married a third time in 2001 but divorced shortly afterwards. Earth, our home, is the third planet from the sun. 特殊数字的表达 1. once 一次 single 单一的 singleness 单一；单身 single-handed 独手的，只用一只手的 2. pair 双，对 double 两倍的 double-decker 双层床；双层电车 double-chinned 双下巴的 3. quarter 四分之一；一刻钟；两角五分的硬币 three quarters 四分之三 4. dozen 十二，一打 dozens of 好几打，很多的 in dozens 成打的 dozenth = twelfth 第十二 5. score 二十 three score and ten 七十 two score of 四十个…… scores of 大批的 in scores 大量地，大批地 6. fortnight 十四日，两星期 fortnightly 两星期一次的；双周刊 7. decade 十年 century 百年，世纪 millenary / millennium 千年，千年期 双数词 “双数词”一直是高考英语的考查热点。 双数代词both 　　“both”意为“两者（都）”，与之对应的复数代词all则表示“三者或三者以上（都）”。 　　Neither of the twins is in good health, but both work very hard. 　　Both of the pens were bought as we can’t decide which is better. 　　 双数词（形容词）each 　　each可以表示“二者中的每一个”，也可以表示“三者或三者以上中间的每一个”；而every只能指“三者或三者以上中间的每一个”，一般不用于指“二者”。 　　There is a butcher’s (shop) on each side of the street. 。 　　There’s a florist’s (shop) on every side of the square.  　　Each sex has its own physical and psychological character. 　　  双数代词either 　　表示“二者中的任何一个”，与之对应的any则表示“三者或三者以上当中任何一个”。 You may drop in or just give me a call. Either will do. 　 　 I borrowed two books from Linda, but I don’t like either of them. 　  双数代词neither 　　neither是用来表示否定的双数代词，意思是“二者中任何一个都不”；与之对应的none则表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个都不”。 　　Although the old lady has two sons, neither of them lives with her. 　　  双数代词each other 　　双数代词each other表示“两者之间的互相”；而one another则指“三者或三者以上之间的互相”。（现代美国英语中两者的用法已逐渐可以相互替代。） We love each other.  We love one another.  　　  双数代词the other 　　the other既可以做代词，亦可以做名词和形容词。用做代词时，表示“两者中的另一个”或“两部分中的另一部分”。其“两”或“二”的含义往往要借助于具体的语言情境来体现。这是最近两年高考最常考的词。 No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the other. 　 【高清课堂——数词】 数学运算的表达法 加 + plus/and/added to 减 - minus 乘 x times, multiplied by 除 ÷ divided by 编号的表示法 World War II = the second World War Part One = the first part Lesson 2 = the second lesson Room 202, Bus No. 13, Platform 16, Page 120 数字+名词+形容词 It’s a five-meter-long bridge. The bridge is five meters long. It’s a bridge five meters long. The composition is 2,000 words long. It’s a 2000-word-long composition. It’s a composition 2000 words long.■ 地址：北京市西城区新德街20号4层 电话：010-82025511 传真：010-82079687 第8页 共8页