世界经济论坛-活得更长更好：了解长寿知识（英）-2023-WN6.pdf

Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity LiteracyIn collaboration with MercerI N S I G H T R E P O R TJ U N E 2 0 2 3群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 300T网盘资源+4040万份行业报告为您的创业、职场、商业、投资、亲子、网赚、艺术、健身、心理、个人成长 全面赋能！添加微信，备注“入群”立刻免费领取 立刻免费领取 200套知识地图+最新研报收钱文案、增长黑客、产品运营、品牌企划、营销战略、办公软件、会计财务、广告设计、摄影修图、视频剪辑、直播带货、电商运营、投资理财、汽车房产、餐饮烹饪、职场经验、演讲口才、风水命理、心理思维、恋爱情趣、美妆护肤、健身瘦身、格斗搏击、漫画手绘、声乐训练、自媒体打造、效率软件工具、游戏影音扫码先加好友，以备不时之需扫码先加好友，以备不时之需行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报致终身学习者社群致终身学习者社群关注公众号获取更多资料关注公众号获取更多资料Contents 2023 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.Foreword 3Executive summary 4Pulse poll output 5Overview of findings 6Introduction 7Defining longevity literacy 81 Quality of life 91.1 Living longer living better 111.2 Health is the number one concern 131.3 The younger generation is likely to support the older 141.4 Perceptions differ by race 161.5 Global inequities 172 Purpose 182.1 Women and those under age 40 feel more isolated 202.2 Women and those under age 40 are more willing to reskill,but worry about the cost 212.3 44%of under-40s want to retire by 60 223 Financial resilience 233.1 Respondents over age 40 appear more content with lower income replacement levels 253.2 55%of participants have not saved enough or dont know if they have 263.3 Case study Nest:Boosting retirement savings through auto-enrolment 273.4 Men mostly look forward to retirement Women want to understand their financial situation 283.5 Gender pension gap 293.6 Younger people are eight times more likely to use social media for financial advice 314 Conclusion and actions 33Appendix 1 36Appendix 2 40Contributors 56Acknowledgements 56Endnotes 57Images:Getty ImagesLiving Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy2ContentsForewordHow will you reimagine your longer life?People are living longer than at any other time in history.In 1950,the global average life expectancy was approximately 48 years;by 2019,that number had risen to 73 years.Individuals from around the world are living on average two to three decades longer than past generations.While this longer lifespan is an incredible achievement in terms of advances in healthcare,it also poses new challenges and considerations for individuals,primarily how to finance these extra decades of life.The World Economic Forum and Mercer have been working together to help uncover innovative solutions that address some of the biggest questions on the future of retirement and pensions in a rapidly ageing world.Through a series of global workshops,virtual seminars and working group meetings,a consensus was reached on what is needed to ensure individuals enjoy longer lives and surprisingly,it is not all about finances.It has become clear that to help people plan a long,healthy,resilient and sustainable life,a holistic approach is required,one that emphasizes more than just financial resilience,but also prioritizes health,human connections,purpose and quality of life.Haleh NazeriCentre Curator,Financial and Monetary Systems,World Economic ForumRichard NuzumExecutive Director,Investments and Global Chief Investment Strategist,MercerThis report introduces the concept of longevity literacy,which empowers individuals to live a healthy and sustainable life with dignity and purpose,while building resilience to address the challenges of an evolving world.As individuals consider what is needed to be successful in a potentially 100-year life,they need to focus on three core principles:quality of life,purpose and financial resilience.To better understand how individuals view longer lives,the report also includes the results of a Pulse Poll asking respondents their views on longevity,including questions related to ageing,retirement planning,lifelong learning and caregiving.The responses are fascinating and offer new insights into how individuals view a longer life.Finally,the report concludes with a set of concrete actions that every stakeholder individuals,business and government can use to address the three core principles of longevity literacy.Ageing populations,and the social and economic transformations they bring,will affect every nation around the world.Countries not currently experiencing significant ageing will inevitably face this challenge over time.However,this does not have to be a surprise or a challenge to be surmounted.In fact,if all stakeholders,including business,government and individuals,take proactive measures to evolve and adapt to ageing populations,this can be a chance to innovate how people live,work,study,save and retire in the years to come.Andre BelelieuHead,Financial Services Industries,World Economic ForumLiving Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy3ContentsExecutive summaryHowever,there is one global issue with widespread economic and social consequences that we do know about and that we can act on now:changing global demographics as people live longer in nearly every country around the world.While life expectancy increased from an average of 48 to 73 years between 1950 and 2019,the United Nations projects further increases,estimating that global average life expectancy will reach around 81 years by 2100.These higher numbers are already evident in countries such as Japan,where over 28%of the population is aged 65 or older,and in European countries including Italy,Germany and Greece where 23%of the population is over 65.As people are living longer lives,business,government and individuals need to reimagine how they view ageing and retirement and explore new approaches to address this emerging demographic transformation.Failing to adopt a multistakeholder approach towards longevity will inevitably result in a significant portion of people retiring into poverty.People will always try to predict the unpredictable.There are countless global issues with no clear answers:where will the next geopolitical crisis arise,what impact will climate change have on communities,and what lies ahead for the global economy?This report focuses on several key issues:explaining the concept of longevity literacy as an essential element of a resilient and sustainable long life;providing new insights into how individuals perceive ageing and retirement;and offering solutions for each stakeholder to address the critical elements of longevity literacy quality of life,purpose and financial resilience.The audience for this report is diverse and wide-ranging.It is designed to reach individuals from any background from any part of the world,to help them start rethinking how they will design their longer life and,more importantly,how they will finance it.The report is aimed at all generations,not just those nearing retirement age or considering retirement in the next few years.It is relevant for recent graduates in their twenties,professionals in their thirties and forties advancing in their careers,and individuals in their fifties and sixties,who may be approaching retirement with apprehension.Moreover,this report provides a roadmap of the key factors everyone should consider as the world enters a new demographic era in which the three-stage life of school,work and retirement is giving way to a multistage life that includes a variety of different paths,including lifelong learning,career breaks and new occupations in later life.Changes to the global population are coming.These will require new innovations and solutions to help address how people can stay financially resilient during a retirement that might be 20 years longer than it was for their grandparents.This demographic transformation will offer individuals a chance to implement new approaches to longer lives and reassess how people studied,lived,worked,saved and retired in the past century.Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy4ContentsBy gender(total:397)By age split(total:397)By race(total:397)Pulse poll outputWhile the Longevity Literacy Pulse Poll was promoted by Mercer,the World Economic Forum and its partners via their networks and connections to their global corporate clients,it is important to consider the limitations of the sample:The results of the pulse poll are subject to limitations,as the respondents profiles were homogeneous and predominantly included those who had undertaken higher education,were in more senior positions,were likely to be in employment at major global organizations and with a high level of individual agency and financial literacy.With approximately 400 responses,the sample size offers 90%confidence that it is representative of the personal and financial challenges of millions of educated professionals likely to be employed in global organizations,with a 5%margin of error.However,when examining certain demographic subgroups,the sample sizes become too small to be considered statistically representative.Consequently,this report provides the sample size for results discussed so that the reader can discern whether to use and rely on the statistic presented.241Women146Men10Undisclosed/Other231Over 40163Under 40These limitations introduce sampling error bias into the results,especially if applied to the general global population.Despite these limitations,the findings can help start a conversation about the challenges faced and can contribute to the development of solutions for the population this group of respondents represents.The table(right)captures some of these demographic breakdowns to help readers understand the number of participants contributing to each result.Number of responses:350397Varies by question13Undisclosed289White95Non-white/Other3Undisclosed.Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy5ContentsOverview of findingsSelect the layers to discover moreLiving Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy6Quality of life healthier lives and future focus Health is the number one concern Two-thirds of respondents say they will be caregivers in the future The“Bank of Mum and Dad”may be generationally flipping many younger people may now be financially supporting older family membersFinancial resilience improving outcomes and life stages Quality of life healthier lives and future focusPurpose funding skills and finding communitiesContentsIntroductionAs people continue to live and work for longer,the need to ensure financial resilience and enable better health and economic outcomes becomes a social and economic imperative.Until recently,life expectancy had been rising consistently for decades(aside from a partial pandemic setback for some cohorts).Globally,life expectancy increased by more than six years between 2000 and 2019,from 66.8 years in 2000 to 73.4 years in 2019.1 Significantly,the most rapid increases in the 65-and-older population are occurring in developing countries,which will see a jump of 140%by 2030,as compared to an increase of 51%in more developed countries.2Although there has been some decline in life expectancy globally in various cohorts,more people are expected to live to a greater age compared to 20 years ago.3While the 100-year life is now within reach for an unprecedented number of people worldwide,many people do not know how to plan and prepare for a healthy,sustainable and financially resilient later life.Over the past three years,the World Economic Forum and Mercer have been collaborating to advance leadership in the work,retirement and pension systems.In order to succeed and thrive in a 100-year life,individuals need more than financial literacy they need longevity literacy.Longevity literacy empowers individuals to live a healthy and sustainable life built on three pillars:quality of life,purpose and financial resilience.The Forum has convened a group of leading voices from the public,private and non-profit sectors focused on formulating solutions and strategies to address the challenges and opportunities of a transforming global demographic.The initial phase focused on the role of the private sector in supporting workers to achieve a more holistic approach to retirement.New solutions were tested and offered to address the changing nature of work and retirement,including phased retirement programmes,cross-generational mentorship and more flexible working options.The current phase of the initiative,and the focus of this report,shifted to raising awareness among individuals on how to be better prepared financially for a longer life.However,the working group quickly came to understand that the focus needed to be on more than just financial literacy.In order to become financially resilient,people also needed to prepare for a sustainable and healthy longer life.To learn how much people understand todays changing demographics and retirement needs,the World Economic Forum and Mercer ran a Longevity Literacy Pulse Poll in the autumn of 2022.This report includes fascinating findings,along with new insights into what people fear and are most excited about when it comes to getting older as it relates to their life,work and finances.The conclusion includes recommendations for three critical stakeholders government,the private sector and individuals to consider as part of a broader response to plan realistically,think creatively and act with greater urgency in terms of our changing demographics.Most importantly,the report includes actionable strategies that anyone can employ to have a sustainable and resilient life by focusing on the three pillars of longevity literacy:quality of life,purpose and financial resilience.Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy7ContentsDefining longevity literacySelect the layers to discover moreLongevity literacy empowers individuals to live a healthy and sustainable life with dignity and purpose,while building resilience to address the challenges of an evolving world.Individuals need to focus on three core principles:quality of life,purpose and financial resilience.Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy8Quality of life Making the extra years healthy,happy and fulfilling Focusing on healthspan,rather than just lifespan,to avoid spending later years in poor health Prioritizing healthy habits and maintaining physical and mental well-being to enjoy more years of active,engaged livingFinancial resiliencePurposeQuality of life ContentsQuality of life1Living Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy9ContentsLiving Longer,Better:Understanding Longevity Literacy Key takeawaysHealth is thenumber oneconcern Caregiving responsibilitiesare