第4章项目进度管理.doc

第4章 项目进度管理 1．Activity duration estimate inputs include dll of the following EXCEPT——． A)resource requirements B)project document updates C)activity lists D)constraints 活动历时估算的输入包括下列各项，除了——。 A)资源要求 B)项目文档更新 C)活动列表 D)制约因素 2．Rearranging resources so that constant resource levels are maintained is called ． A)floating B)leveling C)restructuring D)crashing 重新调整资源从而使项目资源投入水平相对稳定被称为——。 A)浮动 B)平衡 C)再造 D)赶工 3. The hybrid of a project network diagram and bar chart is called——． A)time-scaled network diagram B)gantt chart C)AON D)precedence diagramming method 项目网络网和条形图的混合称为 。 A)带时标的网络图 B)甘特图 C)单代号图 D)前导图 4．You work for one of the leading manufactures of country and western apparel．You are managing a project to redesign retail store layout to improve customer throughput and efficiency．Much of the project work must be done on site and wilI require the active participation of store employees．Many of these are lifelong members of a powerful union that has a reputation for labor unrest．One Important component of your schedule must be ． A)a resource capabilities matrix B)buffers and reserves C)a resource calendar D)a resource histogranl 你为一家处于领先地位的西部乡村服装生产商工作。现在你管理着一个以增加顾客接待量和提高工作效率为目的的零售商店面布局重新设计的项目。这个的项目的许多工作都要在现场完成，而且需要商店员工的积极参与。而这些员工中有很多都是一个以鼓动劳工闹事而著称的工会组织的终身会员。那么你的进度安排中一个重要的组成部分必定是 。 A)一个资源能力矩阵 B)备用人员和储备金 C)一个资源日历 D)一个资源柱状图 5．You work for an architectural engineering firm and are responsible for designing the world’s most advanced chicken coop．The project is highly complex and will require hundreds of drawings．You multiply the number of drawing by the hours needed to produce each drawing to estimate how long the coop will take to design．This results in which one of the following estimate types? A)Quantitatively based． B)Expert． C)Analogous． D)Parametric． 你在一个建筑公司工作，负责设计世界最先进的鸡笼。这个项目非常复杂，需要成百上千张设计图。你将每一张设计图所需要的时间乘以设计图的数量来估计设计这个鸡笼需要多长时间，这是下面哪一种估计类型? A)数量基础型。 B)专家型。 C)类比型。 D)参数型。 6．PERT means ． A)program evaluation and review tech B)pr oject evaluation and revJew teeh C)project estimate and review tech D)program estimate and review tech PERT是 。 A)计划评价和检查技术 B)项目评价和检查技术 C)项目估算和检查技术 D)计划估算和检查技术 7．You are working on a software development project．on this project，a number of tests must he performed，including some that must he performed nluhiple time．The project includes activities whose sequence is conditional based on the outcomes of prior activities．For example，if an error is discovered through inspection，the project’s design may have to be modified．creating the need for additional testing．The network technique best able to handle these situations l。 A)PDM network B)PERT chart C)GERT network D)ADM network 你正致力于一个软件开发项目。在这个项目中，必须进行大量的测验，其中一些测验必须进行多次。这个项目中有一些活动的顺序是以前面的任务结果为条件的。例如，在检查过程中发现了一个错误，项目的设计可能要修改，这样就需要额外的测验。能够更好地处理这些情况的网络技术是 。 A)优先序列网络图 (PDM) B)计划评审技术表 (PERT) C)图形评审技术网络图 (GERT) D)箭头图示法 (ADM) 8．You have just discovered an error in the implementation plan that will prevent you from meeting milestone date．The BEST thing you can do is to ． A)develop alternative solutions to meet the milestone date B)change the milestone date C)remove any discussion about due dates in the project status report D)educate the team about the need to meet milestone dates 在执行计划时你发现了一个错误，这将导致你无法在指定日期到达里程碑，你最应该做的是 。 A)开发备选方案来实现里程碑日期 B)变更里程碑日期 C)从项目状态报告中删除任何关于里程碑日期的讨论 D)教育团队认识按时到达里程碑的必要性 9．Activities that are related and shown as a single，aggregate activity reported at a summary level are called ． A)master schedule B)hammock C)WBS D)hanger 在摘要层次上报告时，彼此相关的显示为单一总和的活动叫做 。 A)主进度计划 B)汇总活动 C)工作分解结构 D)悬挂 10．To maintain the customer’s schedule，massive overtime will be required between Christmas and new years Many of your team members have put in for vacation during this time．Yon should ． A)let the schedule slip and inform the custonier B)first give the employees the choice of working overtime C)make the employees cancel their vacation plans and work overtinle D)hire temporary employees for the overtime 为了维持顾客的进度，在圣诞节和新年之间需要大量的加班。许多项目组成员已申请在这段时间度假，你应该 。 A)让进度推迟并通知客户 B)首先让员工选择是否愿意加班 C)让员工取消他们的假期计划并加班工作 D)为加班雇请临时工 11．You are doing a Monte Carlo Analysis in which you are defining a distribution of possible activity durations for each schedule activity and calculating a distribution of possible outcomes for the total project．Monte Carlo analysis is an example of——． A)resource leveling B)what if scenario analysis C)schedule network analysis D)critical path method 你在使用蒙特卡罗分析为每个进度活动确定可能的活动历时分布，进而计算整个项目持续时间可能结果的概率分布。蒙特卡罗分析是一个 的例子。 A)资源平衡 B)假设情景分析 C)进度网络分析 D)关键路径法 12．In your project，you are in the process of creating an activity list．This should contain all the following EXCEPT——． A)activities that are not required as part of project scope B)aetivitites that are to be performed as part of the project C)activity identifier and scope of work description for each schedule activity D)all the above are included in the activity list 你正在创建项目的活动列表。活动列表必须包括下列所有项，除了 。 A)不是项目范围所要求的部分的活动 B)作为项目一部分需要被执行的活动 C)用于每个进度活动的活动标识和工作范围描述 D)上面所有几项都包括在活动列表内 13．All the following are benefits of fast tracking a project EXCEPT——． A)facilitates duration compression B)reduces risk C)ensure activities are done in parallel which would normally be done in sequence D)helps shorten the project schedule without changing the project scope 以下都是快速跟进的好处，除了 。 A)帮助压缩历时 B)降低风险 C)确保那些正常情况下按顺序完成的活动能并行完成 D)在不改变项目范围的情况下缩短项目进度 14．Activity definition involves identifying and documenting the specific activities that must he performed to produce the deliverables and sub deliverables identified in the work breakdown structure (WBS)．All the following statements about the activity list produced as an output from activity definition are true EXCEPT： A)Activity list must include All activities that will be performed on the project． B)Activity list may include some activities that are as part of the project WBS． C)Activity list should inctude descriptions of each activity to ensure that the project team members will understand how the work is to be done． D)Activity list is used in the schedule model and is a component of the project management plan． 活动定义包括识别和记录完成WBS中可交付成果所必须要执行的活动。所有下列关于活动定义过程的输出活动列表的说法都是正确的，除了： A)活动列表必须包括项目中所有需要执行的活动。 B)活动列表包含的一些活动是WBS的组成部分。 C)活动列表应该包括每个活动的描述以确保项目团队成员明白如何完成这些下作。 D)活动列表用于进度模型中，是项目管理计划的一部分。 15．You have taken informalion on project scope and resources and then developed durations for input to schedules．Since there was very limited information about the project，you used actual duration of a previous，similar activity as the basis for estimating future activity．What will be a next step after this activity? A)Using diagramming techniques like GERT and systems dynamics． B)Calculating theoretical early and late start and finish dates for all project activities． C)Using standardized networks to expedite preparation of project network diagrams． D)Subdividing project work packages into smaller more manageable components for better management control． 你搜集了项目范围和资源信息，接下来计算历时作为进度的输入。由于这个项目只有有限的信息，你使用以前项目中类似活动的历时作为基础来估算未来的活动。完成这个活动后，下一步你需要做什么? A)使用图形技术如GERT和系统动态图等。 B)计算所有项目活动的理论最早、最晚开始时间和最早、最晚结束时间。 C)使用标准网络来加速准备项目网络图。 D)为了更好地管理控制，将项目工作包划分为更小、更容易管理的组件。 16．In your project，you realize the importance of determining the start and finish dates for project activities．If the project start or end dates are not realistic．then the project may not be completed on time．This is done as part of ． A)activity sequencing B)activity duration estimating C)schedule development D)activitv det'inition 在你的项目里，你意识到确定项目活动的开始和结束日期非常重要。如果项目的开始或结束日期没被确定，项目将不能按时完成。这项工作是 过程的内容。 A)活动排序 B)活动历时估算 C)进度制定 D)活动定义 l7．In schedule development．you create a distribution of probable results for each activity and use it to calculate distribution of probable results for the total project．The technique that you are using is ． A)what if analysis B)mathematical analysis C)Monte carlo analysis D)resource leveling heuristic 在编制进度计划时，你创建了每个活动的分布概率用来计算整个项目的历时分布概率。你使用的技术是 。 A)假设情景分析 B)数学分析 C)蒙特卡罗分析 D)资源平衡启发 18 planning package is a ． A)unit of the project plan B)unit of the scope management plan C)WBS component below the control account D)template used for the Project 规划包是 。 A)项目计划单位 B)范围管理计划单位 C)WBS中控制账目下面的组成部分 D)项目使用的模板 19．In your project，some requested changes were generated from the activity definition process．These changes will be processed through ． A)activity change control system B)corrective action C)integrated change control system D)activity sequencing 你的项目在活动定义过程中产生了些变更请求。这些变更将通过 过程。 A)活动变更控制系统 B)纠正行动 C)整体变更控制系统 D)活动排序 20．You got news that because of bad weather，your shipment has got delayed by 2 weeks．What should be the first step that you take? A)Fast track the project to ensure that the project schedule is not delayed． B)Review the performance reports to determine which planned dates have not been met，and the impact on critical path． C) Try to get additional supplies from an alternate location as soon as possible． D)Take corrective action to minimize the impact because of the delay． 你得到一个消息，由于天气不好，你的货船推迟了2周。这时，你首先应采取什么行动? A)快速跟进此项目，确保项目进度不会被耽误。 B)回顾绩效报告，判断哪些计划的日期没有被满足．以及对关键路径的影响。 C)尽快从其他可替代的地方获得额外的补给。 D)采取纠正措施最小化由于延迟带来的影响。 21．If the number of critical paths in the project increases．but the duration of the project remains same，what is the impact on the project? A)Crashing will be required to complete project on time． B)Fast tracking will be required to complete project on time． C)Risk of the project increases． D)None of the above． 如果项目的关键路径数量增加了，但项目的历时仍然不变，对项目有什么影响? A)为按时完成项目需要赶工。 B)为按时完成项目需要快速跟进。 C)项目风险会增加。 D)以上都不对。 22．Critical chain is a schedule network analysis technique that modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources．Critical chain combines deterministic and probabilistic approaches．Initially，the project schedule network diagram is build using non conservative estimates for activity durations within the schedule model-with required dependencies and defined constraints as inputs．The critical path is then calculated．After the critical path is identified， resource availability is entered and the resource limited schedule result is determined．The resulting schedule often has an altered critical path．The critical chain method adds non-work schedule activities to maintain focus on the planned activity durations，also referred to as——． A)duration buffers B)resource leveling C)reverse resource leveling D)crashing 关键链是一种进度网络分析技术用来根据有限的资源调整项目进度。关键链整合了确定性和或然说的方法。首先，根据必要的依赖关系和定义好的约束，项目进度网络图通过非保守的活动历时估算在进度模型内完成。接下来计算关键路径。在关键路径被识别之后，资源的可利用性被输入，产生一个资源约束型的进度结果。这个进度结果通常会改变关键路径。关键链方法增加些非工作进度活动去保证计划活动的历时，这些工作进度活动又称为 。 A)历时缓冲。 B)资源平衡。 C)储备资源平衡。 D)赶工。 23．In your project．you are using most likely．optimistic and pessimistic activity duration estimates (for activity duration estimating)．The technique that you are usingls ． A)PERT B)CPM C)parametric estimating D)none of the above 在你的项目内，你使用最可能的、乐观的和悲观的活动历时估算 (来估算活动历时)。你使用的技术是 。 A)PERT B)CPM C)参数估算 D)以上都不对 24．Resource calendars affect a specific resource or category of resources．They reflect how some resources work only during normal business hours．while others work three full shifts，or a project team member might be unavailable，such as on vacation or in a training program，or a labor contract can limit certain workers to certain days of the week．Resource calendars are valuable inputs for ． A)developing an approximation of the costs of the resources needed to complete each schedule activity B)aggregating the estimated costs of individual schedule activities or work packages to establish a total cost baseline for project performance C)searching the cause of positive and negative variances as part of integrated change control process D)assuring that potential cost overruns do not exceed the authorized funding periodically and in total for the project 资源日历会影响特定的资源或者特定列表的资源。它们反映出一些资源只在正常的工作时间内可用，而另一些却可以三班倒使用，或者某个项目团队成员不可用，如正在休假或进行培训，或劳动合同限制了工作者每周工作的天数。资源日历对 是非常有价值的输入。 A)编制完成每个进度活动所需资源的近似成本。 B)将独立的进度活动或工作包的估算成本结合起来建立一个项目成本基准。 C)研究正面和负面偏差产生的原因，作为整体变更控制过程的部分。 D)确保潜在的成本超支不会超过授权使用的资金并在项目总数之内。 25．An activity has an optimistic estimate of 10 days，pessimistic estimate of l6 days，most likely estimate of 13 days．Assuming a normal distribution，what is the probability that the task will be completed within 10～16 days? A)99.99%． B)99.73%． C)95.46%． D)68.26%． 某活动乐观估计为10天，悲观估计为16天，最可能估计为13天，假设按照正态分布，这个任务在10～16天完成的概率为? A)99.99%。 B)99.73%。 C)95.46%。 D)68.26%。 26．All the following statements regarding creating of time estimates are correct EXCEPT： A)Mathematical analysis like CPM，GERT and PERT indicate the dates in which the activity can be scheduled given resourcc limits and other constraints B)Duration compression techniques including fast tracking and crashing can help in decreasing the project schedule． C)WBS classification allows for useful activity ordering and sorting． D)The duration of the proieet is the SUITI of durations for all the tasks in the project． 下列关于进行时间估算的说法都是正确的．除了： A)数学分析方法如CPM、GERT和PERT分析出每个活动在给定的资源限制和其他限制下的历时。 B)历时压缩技术包括快速跟进和赶工可以帮助缩短项目进度。 C)在活动分类排序时WBS分类非常有用。 D)项目的历时就是项目所有任务历时的总和。 27．If you are calculating one early start and early finish for each task，you are using (choose the best answer)． A)PERT B)CPM C)GERT D)PDM 如果你计算每个活动的最早开始时间和最早结束时间，你需要使用 (选择最佳答案)。 A)PERT B)CPM C)GERT D)PDM 28．Both the CPM and PERT methods assume that estim