2014年考研英语二模拟测试题及参考答案（三）.pdf

Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co.ltd,one of the six companies,created out of the privatized national railway system.In an industry lacking exciting growth _l_,its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations_2_is drawing interest.In a plan called Station Renaissance that it_3_in November,JR East said that it would_4_using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants,extending them to_5_more suitable for the information age.It wants train stations as pick-up_6_for such goods as books,flowers and groceries_7_over the Internet.In a country where city_8_depend heavily on trains_9_commuting,about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway,the company _10_.So,picking up commodities at train stations_11_consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries.JR East already has been using its station_12_stores for this purpose,but it plans to create_13_spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce _14_cards-known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for_15_information_16_ train tickets and commuter passes_17_the magnetic ones used today,integrating them into a/an _18_pass.This will save the company money,because_19_for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems.Increased use of IC cards should also_20_the space needed for ticket vending.1.A perspectives B outlooks C prospects D spectacles 2.A creatively B originally C authentically D initially 3.A displayed B demonstrated C embarked D unveiled 4.A go beyond B set out C come around D spread over 5.A applications B enterprises C functions Dperformances 6.A districts B vicinities C resorts D locations 7.A acquired B purchased C presided D attained 8.A lodgers B tenants C dwellers D boarders 9.A for B in C of D as 10.A figures B exhibits C convinces D speculates 11.A deprives B retrieves C spares D exempts 12.A conjunction B convenience C department D ornament 13.A delegated B designated C devoted D dedicated 14.A clever B smart C ingenious D intelligent 15.A checking B gathering C holding D accommodating 16.A as B for C with D of 17.A but for B as well as C instead of D more than 18.A unique B single C unitary D only 19.A devices B instruments C readers D examiners 20.A reduce B narrow C dwarf D shrink Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,and D.Mark your 考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m1answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1“The worlds environment is surprisingly healthy.Discuss.”If that were an examination topic,most students would tear it apart,offering a long list of complaints:from local smog to global climate change,from the felling of forests to the extinction of species.The list would largely be accurate,the concern legitimate.Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement.The surprise is how good things are,not how bad.After all,the worlds population has more than tripled during this century,and world output has risen hugely,so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected.Indeed,if people lived,consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900(or 1950,or indeed 1980),the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place:smelly,dirty,toxic and dangerous.But they dont.The reasons why they dont,and why the environment has not been mined,have to do with prices,technological innovation,social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure.That is why,todays environmental problems in the poor countries ought,in principle,to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out,and show no sign of doing so.Logically,one day they must:the planet is a finite place.Yet it is also very big,and man is very ingenious.What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short,the price has risen and,in response,people have looked for new sources of supply,tried to find ways to use less of the material,or looked for a new substitute.For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century.The same is true for food.Prices fluctuate,in response to harvests,natural disasters and political instability;and when they rise,it takes some time before new sources of supply become available.But they always do,assisted by new farming and crop technology.The long term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的)trend begins to stumble,and the genuine problems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned,no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it:fish is the best example of this.21.According to the author,most students _.A)believe the worlds environment is in an undesirable condition B)agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be C)get high marks for their good knowledge of the worlds environment D)appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the worlds environment 22.The huge increase in world production and population _.A)has made the world a worse place to live in B)has had a positive influence on the environment C)has not significantly affected the environment D)has made the world a dangerous place to live in 23.One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that _.A)technological innovation can promote social stability B)political instability will cause consumption to drop C)new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction D)new sources are always becoming available 24.Fish resources are diminishing because _.A)no new substitutes can be found in large quantities B)they are not owned by any particular entity C)improper methods of fishing have mined the fishing grounds 考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m2D)water pollution is extremely serious 25.The primary solution to environmental problems is _.A)to allow market forces to operate properly B)to curb consumption of natural resources C)to limit the growth of the world population D)to avoid fluctuations in prices Text 2 Over the last decade,demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures,like breast enlargements and nose jobs,has increased by more than 400 percent.According to Dr.Dai Davies,of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith,the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection.Rather,they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal.What we all crave is to look normal,and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures.They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.In America,the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal;rather,it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife.New York surgeon Dr.Gerard Imber recommends maintenance work for people in their thirties.The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,he says.By then,youve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand.Dr.Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18,however.It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery.In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous.But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially,bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people.Dr.Davies,who claims to cater for the average person,agrees.He says:”I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries.Of course,3,000 for an operation is a lot of money.But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.Dr.Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery.Yet,as one woman who recently paid 2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted,the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one.I had my legs done because theyd been bugging me for years.But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite.Now I dont think theres any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.26.According to the text,the reason for cosmetic surgery is to _.A)be physically healthy B)look more normal C)satisfy appetite D)be accepted by media 27.According to the third paragraph,Dr.Davies implies that_.A)cosmetic surgery,though costly,is worth having B)cosmetic surgery is too expensive C)cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person D)cosmetic surgery is mainly for the rich and famous 28.The statement draws the line at operating on people(Line 3,Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to_.A)removing wrinkles from the face B)helping people make up C)enjoying operating 考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m3D)refusing to operate 29.It can be inferred from the text that_.A)it is wise to have cosmetic surgery under 18 B)cosmetic surgery is now much easier C)people tend to abuse cosmetic surgery D)the earlier people have cosmetic surgery,the better they will be 30.The text is mainly about _.A)the advantage of having cosmetic surgery B)what kind of people should have cosmetic surgery C)the reason why cosmetic surgery is so popular D)the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery Text 3 Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified(GM)bacterium could cause serious damage if released.The New Zealand Life Sciences Network,an association of pro-GM scientists and organizations,says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham,a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis,was exaggerated and irresponsible.It has asked her university to discipline her.But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an attempt to silence her.“Theyre trying to cause trouble with my university and get me fired,”Ingham told New Scientist.The controversy began on 1 February,when Ingham testified before New Zealands Royal Commission on Genetic Modification,which will determine how to regulate GM organisms.Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild.Other researchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste.But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants,all of the plants died within a week.“We would lose terrestrial(陆生的)plants.this is an organism that is potentially deadly to the continued survival of human beings,”she told the commission.She added that the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)canceled its approval for field tests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999.But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of“presenting inaccurate,careless and exaggerated information”and“generating speculative doomsday scenarios(世界末日的局面)that are not scientifically supportable”.They say that her study doesnt even show that the bacteria would survive in the wild,much less kill massive numbers of plants.Whats more,the network says that contrary to Inghams claims,the EPA was never asked to consider the organism for field trials.The EPA has not commented on the dispute.But an e-mail to the network from Janet Anderson,director of the EPAs bio-pesticides division,says“there is no record of a review and/or clearance to field test”the organism.Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for field tests,but says she has few details.Its also not clear whether the organism,first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology,is still in use.Whether Ingham is right or wrong,her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her.“I think her concerns should be taken seriously.She shouldnt be harassed in this way,”says Ann Clarke,a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission.“Its an attempt to silence the opposition.”31.The passage centers on the controversy _.A)between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification B)as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued 考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m4C)over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants D)about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university 32.Ingham insists that her testimony is based on _.A)evidence provided by the EPA of the United States B)the results of an experiment she conducted herself C)evidence from her collaborative research with German biologists D)the results of extensive field tests in Corvallis,Oregon 33.According to Janet Anderson,the EPA _.A)has cancelled its approval for field tests of the GM organism B)hasnt reviewed the findings of Inghams research C)has approved field tests using the GM organism D)hasnt given permission to field test the GM organism 34.According to Ann Clarke,the New Zealand Life Sciences Network _.A)should gather evidence to discredit Inghams claims B)should require that the research by their biologists be regulated C)shouldnt demand that Ingham be disciplined for voicing her views D)shouldnt appease the opposition in such a quiet way 35.Which of the following statements about Ingham is TRUE?A)Her testimony hasnt been supported by the EPA.B)Her credibility as a scientist hasnt been undermined.C)She is firmly supported by her university.D)She has made great contributions to the study of GM bacteria.Text 4 Despite the general negative findings,it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way.The specific behavior depends on the childs individual personality,characteristics,age at the time of divorce,and gender.In terms of personality,when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing,children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce,as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general.Stress,such as that found in disrupted families,seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings,the greater the amount of stress,the less well they adapt.In contrast,a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing,relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and childrens characteristic reaction to divorce.As the child grows older,the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings,an understanding of those feelin