NCE1_lesson143-144（共39页）.ppt

Lesson 143,A walk through the woods,new words and expressionssurround v.包围beauty spot 风景点wood n.树林hundred n.百city n.城市through prep.穿过visitor n.参观者，游客tidy adj.整齐的,litter n.杂乱的东西litter basket 废物筐place v.放throw(threw;thrown)v.扔，抛rubbish n.垃圾count v.数，点cover v.覆盖piece n.碎片tyre n.轮胎rusty adj.生锈的among prep.在之间prosecute 依法处置,place v.放 v.（小心地）放；放置他把唱片放回到架子上。He placed the record back to the shelf.他们的要求将我置于困境。Their request placed me in a difficult position.v.任命；安置公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。There is no better way to place the homeless children.,surround v.包围；围绕这个漂亮的白色房子周围围绕着绿树The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.当我走进房间时，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周围到处都是盒子。When I went into the room,I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.,prosecute 依法处置 v.起诉，检举；依法处置Trespassers will be prosecuted.闲人莫入，违者法办。他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。They prosecuted him for shoplifting.v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行我们将进一步彻底进行调查。We are going to prosecute the investigation further.,Please answer the questions：,1.What was so funny about the words on the sign？,2.What have visitors been asked to do？,课文讲解,I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.Be surrounded by 四周环绕着我住在一个四周围绕着高楼的地方。I live in a place which is surrounded by tall buildings.我住在四周围绕着山的小村中。I live in a village which is surrounded by hills.,It is a famous beauty spot.Beauty spot,风景点Tourist attraction,游览胜地别人告诉我青岛是个旅游胜地I have been told that Qingdao is a good tourist attraction.On Sundays,hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.hundreds of 成百上千的成百上千的战士在这场战争中牺牲。Hundreds of soldiers died in this war.,1）表示位置，在之中，在各处 地球在宇宙之中运动。The earth moves through space.2）表示时间，在期间 我们从周二到周五会在纽约Well be in New York Tuesday through Friday.3）表示方向，从的一端到另一端 第二天他穿过了树林。He went through the forest next day.4）表示方式，凭借，用我是通过报纸的广告了解到这个职位的。I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement.,Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.Litter baskets have been placed under the trees,but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.Last Wednesday,I went for a walk in the woods.Go for a walk 散步What I saw made me very sad.句中的主语 What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句(主语从句)。那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。What the little boy did surprised his mother.你所做的使我愉快。What you do makes me happy.,I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper,cigarette ends,old tyres,empty bottles and rusty tins.be covered with.被.覆盖桌子上布满了灰尘。The desks are covered with dust.地上覆盖着雪。The ground was covered with snow.,Among the rubbish,I found a sign which said,Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!该晚会来者不拒。Anyone who comes to the party is welcome.任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚款。Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined.,被动语态,Passive Voice,被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beilun.People speak English as the first language in UK.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beilun.,English is spoken as the first language in UK.,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,改为被动语态,1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made(by them)in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday.,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.They planted many trees years ago.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,Many trees were planted by them years ago.,2.They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought(by them)last term.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.,The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,4Amy can take good care of Gina,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,It could be done by Jim yesterday.,被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.e.g.They look after the new students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.,2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.They make us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g.We often hear her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.e.g.I saw him walk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice),3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy e.g.He gives me a flower everyday.被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday.被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday.e.g.My mother bought me a computer.被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother.被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother.,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,EXERCISES,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last year?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our compositions.,看一看 想一想,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：,S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+done,