15-1removal切除metalmachingprocessing切削加工fundamentals基本原理metalworkingprocess金属加工工艺blowhole气孔porosity孔隙eliminate消除,排除ductility延展性fracture破裂,断裂toughness刚度,韧性,austenite奥氏体thermomechanicalprocessing形变热处理工艺ausforming奥氏体形变martensite马氏体marstraining马氏体形变热处理perlite珍珠岩,珠光体pearlite珠光体,珍珠岩ferrite铁素体cementite渗碳体category类别，种类onthebasisof根据direct-compression-typeprocess直接受压型工艺indirect-compressionprocess间接受压型工艺tensiontypeprocess张力型工艺bendingprocess弯曲工艺shearingprocess剪切工艺rightangle直角wiredrawing拉线，拔丝tubedrawing拉管deepdrawing深冲，深拉appliedforce作用力reaction反应，反作用力combinedstress综合应力，组合应力stretchforming拉伸成形，拉伸造型contour轮廓，等高线，等值线rupture破裂，折断，裂缝planeofshear=shearplane剪切面millproduct轧制产品sheet-metal金属薄板，金属片bereferredtoas被称为…processingoperation工艺作业fabrication制造totalsystem综合系统beconcernedwith与…有关，涉及yield屈服simulate模拟15-2appliedplasticity应用塑性力学tractable易处理的plastic-rigidsolid刚塑性体afirstapproximation一级近似strainhardening应变硬化isotropic各向同性的homogeneous均匀的finiteelementmethodmethods有限元法largescaleplasticity大比例塑性变形prescribe规定，指示mechanics力学，机构frictionalcondition摩擦条件limitingdeformation极限变形fracturecriteria断裂判据(准则)theoryofplasticity塑性理论constant-volumerelationship体积不变关系intermof根据，凭借…truestrain真应变conventionalstrain传统应变，名义应变=apparentstrain=nominalstrainnaturalstrain自然应变compressivestress压应力predominate占优势，统治，支配block料块，街区convention协定，惯例，习俗，规定reduction减少，压下，缩减量，还原fractionalreduction缩减分数engineeringstrain工程应变complexity复杂性meet..requirement满足…要求generalsolution（微分方程的）通解orderofcomplexity复杂程度finedetail细节slabmethod主应力法uniform-deformationenergymethod均匀变形能量法slip-linefieldtheory滑移线场理论plane-strain平面应变upper-(lower-)boundsolution上(下)界解matri...
