6-ProcessTechnology-V6.07(M46)(1).pptxVIP免费

ProcessesandTechnology流程设计与技术决策•Russell&TaylorOMed6Ch06•Chase,Aquilano&Jacobs,OMed.11•Ch05ProcessAnalysis;•Ch6-ProductdesignandprocessselectionLectureOutlineBasictermsProcessPlanningProcessSelectionProcessAnalysisProcessInnovationTechnologyDecisions基本概念流程规划流程选择流程分析流程创新技术决策Copyright2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.6-2BasicTerms基本术语Copyright2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.6-3BasicTerms基本术语Process:agroupofrelatedtaskswithspecificinputsandoutputs(Russell&Taylor,ed6).Isanypartofanorganizationthattakesinputsandtransformsthemintooutputs(Chaseed11).CycleTime:Istheaveragesuccessivetimebetweencompletionsofsuccessiveunits.Utilization:Istheratioofthetimethataresourceisactuallyactivatedrelativetothetimethatitisavailableforuse.•流程/步骤•节拍/周期•时间利用率OtherProcessTerminologyBottleneckOccurswhenthelimitedcapacityofaprocesscausesworktopileuporbecomeunevenlydistributedintheflowofaprocessIfanemployeeworkstooslowinamulti-stageprocess,workwillbegintopileupinfrontofthatemployee.Inthiscase,theemployeerepresentsthelimitedcapacitycausingthebottleneck.PacingReferstothefixedtimingofthemovementofitemsthroughtheprocess瓶颈定时/周期性补充术语LT(Leadtime)MLT:manufacturingleadtimeWIP(work-in-process)Lotsize/batchsize提前期在制品批量ProcessSelection流程选择Copyright2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.6-7TypesofProcesses流程类型Make-to-order为订单生产(MTO)Onlyactivatedinresponsetoanactualorder.Bothwork-in-processandfinishedgoodsinventorykepttoaminimum.Make-to-stock为库存生产(MTS/MTI)Processactivatedtomeetexpectedorforecastdemand.Customerordersareservedfromtargetstockinglevel.Hybridprocesses混合combinethefeaturesofbothMTOandMTS.12ProcessFlowStructuresHayes&Wheelwright贺氏/威尔莱特JobshopBatchAssemblyLineContinuousFlow•单件小批量生产/工艺专业化•批量生产•装配线生产（大量）•连续流程生产（大量）RobertHabertHayes（贺氏）andStevenWheetwright（威尔莱特）.Restoringoutcompetitiveedge:competi...