第14篇译文老师笔记.docx

1.对大多数人而言，压力是生活的现实。大学生要同时应对学业负担、恋爱关系和繁忙的社交日程表，尤其容易受到压力的影响。 For most people, stress is a fact of life（1.生活的现实）. College students, who have to juggle（2.同时应对） academic work, romantic relationships, a busy social calendar（3.社交日程表）, are particularly susceptible to （4.易受……的影响）pressure.    1- a fact of life  词典释义： a fact of life  ■something unpleasant which cannot be avoided 无法逃避的现实   •Going bald is just a fact of life.秃头是无法逃避的现实。  外刊例句： Tycoons are particularly keen on schemes to cheat the grim   reaper. Peter Thiel, a co-founder of PayPal, proclaims that “The great   unfinished task of the modern world is to turn death from a fact of life to a problem to be   solved.” Larry Ellison, the chairman of Oracle, has said: “Death never made   any sense to me.（） 大亨对那些志在“蒙骗”死神的计划方案尤其感兴趣。贝宝（PayPal）的联合创始人皮得·蒂尔声称“现代社会尚未完成的伟大任务就得让死亡从无法逃避的现实变成可以解决的问题。”甲骨文公司总裁拉里·埃利森曾说道“死亡于我宛如笑话。”   学生错误表达： （1）       the real   world/ life 点评：表达不准确，the real   world/life是指“现实世界”，不能指“无法逃避的现实”。 （2）       actuality of   life 点评：表达不准确，actuality   of life是指“生活的现状”，比如：He's out of touch with the   actualities of life in Africa.他已经不了解非洲的现状了。而a fact of   life是指“无法逃避的现实”，两者有所区别。     2- juggle juggle在此句中的含义，是通过“v-杂耍（同时抛接多个物品）”延伸而来。   词典释义： juggle ['dʒʌg.l] verb    MANAGE 应付    transitive informal    ■to succeed in   arranging your life so that you have time to involve yourself in two or more   different activities or groups of people 尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人）   •Many parents find it hard to juggle children   and a career.许多父母发现一边照顾孩子一边忙事业很难应付。   外刊例句： You may be thinking of starting a family, or want to return to work, but don’t know where to start. So, what tips can help you to juggle both? One option is to request   flexible working to fit in around childcare.（） 你可能思考着建立家庭或是回去工作，但又对此毫无头绪。所以，有什么锦囊能帮你同时应对这两者呢？找份办公时间灵活的工作来吻合孩子随时随地的照顾需求便是解决问题的选项之一。   替换表达：be involved with A, B, and C at the same time   学生错误表达： （1）       handle 点评：handle没有表达出“同时做多件事情”这一层含义。   3- social calendar  词典释义： calendar 3.N-COUNT   可数名词 (某一组织、团体或个人的)日程表，纪事表，大事一览表 You can use calendar to   refer to a series or list of events and activities which take place on   particular dates, and which are important for a particular organization,   community, or person.   【搭配模式】：usu sing •It is one of the British sporting calendar's most prestigious events...这是英国体坛大事表上最负盛名的赛事之一。 •Franklin joined her and the children whenever his crowded calendar allowed...只要能从百忙之中抽出空,富兰克林就会陪在妻儿身边。 •They tried to make a calendar   of Spain's festivals.他们打算做个西班牙节日活动一览表。   外刊例句： On March 28th some 3,000 guests were due to attend one of   the most glittering events in the Parisian social calendar: the 117th annual gala ball of the Ecole   Polytechnique, held in the opulent grand rooms of the Palais Garnier. （） 3000名客人将于3月28日参加巴黎最宏大的社交盛事：巴黎综合理工大学的第117届年度舞会庆典，它将在巴黎国家歌剧院容荣华贵的大厅举行。   替换表达：social schedule  学生错误表达： （1）       social   interaction schedule 点评：应该改为常见说法social   schedule （2）       socializing   schedules 点评：没有socializing schedules的说法，应该改为social schedule / calendar     4-be particularly susceptible to sth susceptible在表示“易受（坏事）影响”时，后跟介词to  词典释义： susceptible   [sə'sep.tɪ.bl] adjective  INFLUENCED 受影响的  ■easily influenced or harmed by something 易受影响的，易受伤害的 •She isn't very susceptible to flattery.她不太听信别人的奉承。 •These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.这些植物很容易受霜冻影响。 •Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.在特别易受感染的儿童中，这种疾病会扩展得非常迅速。 ■describes someone who is easily emotionally influenced 易受感动的，感情丰富的，多情的 •They persuade susceptible teenagers to part with their money.他们劝说这些易被感动的年轻人捐出他们的钱。   外刊例句： “The time of day of infection can have a major influence on how susceptible we are to the disease, or at least on the   viral replication, meaning that infection at the wrong time of day could   cause a much more severe acute infection,” said Professor Akhilesh Reddy, the   study’s senior author. （） 该研究的主要作者阿奇利希·雷迪教授认为，“一天中发生感染的时间差别会极大地影响着我们受到疾病影响的程度，或者说，至少在病毒复制上是这样的，而这意味着，在一天中最糟糕的时刻发生感染的话，会引发更加严重的感染。”   替换表达：be vulnerable to something / be prone to something / be liable to   something / be subject to something   学生错误表达： （1）       be easily   effected by something 点评：动词选用错误。Effect的含义是“实现，完成”，这里应该改为affect     Q：juggle 和juggle with 有什么区别呢？ A：juggle with指“玩杂耍(连续向空中抛接多个物体)”，例如：One guy was juggling with five   balls.有个家伙在玩杂耍抛接五个球。   Q：college students后为什么要加逗号？主语从句直接跟上不行么？ A：这里必须要用逗号。college student后用逗号隔开who引导的非限制性定语从句，表明大学生普遍容易受到压力影响，而不是仅仅是需要兼顾多种工作的大学生才受到压力影响。   College students, who have to juggle academic work, romantic relationships, a busy social calendar, are particularly susceptible to pressure.    这句话可以翻译为：大学生需要兼顾学业、恋爱以及繁忙的社交生活，很容易受到压力影响。   如果句子写成：   College students who have to juggle academic work, romantic   relationships and a busy social calendar are particularly susceptible to   pressure.    意思就变成了：需要兼顾学业、恋爱以及繁忙社交生活的大学生很容易受到压力影响。   Q：这句话的最后为什么 relationship是复数，   busy calendar 却要在前面加a？如果主语是复数的时候，后面跟的名词是要跟着主语的单复数走还是看名词本身在语境里的表达 呀？ A：因为relationship以及calendar在这里都是可数名词，不能以单数形式单独存在。这里用 a busy social calendar只是个人表达习惯，如果换成busy   social calendars也可以。   Q：第一句的 a fact 之所以用a，不是the 是因为表示压力只是生活很多现实中的其中一个吗？ A：不是，a fact of life是一个固定表达，不能写成the   fact of life   2. 学生需要注意保持工作与娱乐之间的平衡。当学生将太多注意力放在社交和其他非学术性的活动，他们的学习会受到干扰；而休息太少也会拖垮学生的身体，最终使他们精疲力竭。 Students must be careful to maintain a balance between work and play（1.工作和娱乐）. Too much focus on social and other non-academic activities could disrupt（2.干扰） students' studies, while insufficient relaxation could wear down （3.拖垮）their health and even lead to burnout.     1- work and play   词典释义： play [pleɪ] noun  ENJOYMENT 玩  uncountable  ■activity that is not serious but done for enjoyment, especially when children enjoy themselves with toys and games 玩，玩耍 •The kids don't get much time for play in the   evenings.孩子们晚上没有多少时间玩。 •We watched the children at play in the park.我们看着公园里的孩子们玩耍。   外刊例句： But bosses are increasingly using executive jets for both work and play. The average value of   this perk per executive in Fortune 100 firms has risen by about 10% since   2013, says Equilar, a research firm. （） 但越来越多老板把高档飞机用于工作和娱乐。调查公司Equilar称，在财富榜前100强公司，每位行政人员享用的这种额外津贴的平均值自2013年以来，已经上升了大约10%。   替换表达：work and leisure   学生错误表达： （1）       work and   pastime 点评：pastime是指“消遣活动”，用在这里不太准确，可以改为work and leisure     2- disrupt   词典释义： disrupt [dɪs'rʌpt] verb transitive     ADVANCED     ■to prevent something, especially a system, process or   event, from continuing as usual or as expected 打断，中断，扰乱 •A heavy fall of snow had disrupted the city's   transport system.一场大雪扰乱了城市交通系统的正常运作。 •The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters   who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.一群抗议者一边呼喊一边向发言者投掷水果，让会议无法正常进行下去。   外刊例句： The Unite union said the eight strikes would significantly disrupt production of Minis and   called on BMW, the owner of Mini and Rolls-Royce, to hold talks to resolve   the dispute. （） 联合工会称，这八次罢工将极度扰乱Mini汽车的生产，它呼吁Mini和劳斯莱斯品牌的拥有者宝马（BMW）与其开展谈判，共商解决办法。   替换表达：disturb / interrupt   学生错误表达： （1）       interfere 点评：interfere是不及物动词，不可以说interfere students’ studies，要说interfere with students’ studies     3- wear down   词典释义： wear down   1. wear sb ↔ down to gradually make someone physically weaker or less   determined削弱某人的体力（决心）: •It was clear he   was being worn down by the rumours over his future.很明显他正被关于他前途的传言搞得意志消沉。   外刊例句： When you move to another culture it's this kind of   experience, again and again, that can contribute to a growing culture shock,   and slowly wear down your health.   (The Guardian) 当你去到其他文化环境时，这种经验一次又一次地引发越发严重的文化休克，逐渐危害你的健康。   替换表达：drag sb down   学生错误表达： （1）       break down 点评：break down是指机器出故障或者感情破裂等，不能用于来指人的身体被拖垮。 （2）       bring down 点评：bring down是指政府垮台或者击落、射落，用在这里不恰当。     Q：work and play 是固定的表达“工作和娱乐的意思”么，还是说像entertainment、recreation 及amusement之类的词语也可以用呢 A：work and play是一个固定表达，它来自谚语All   work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy). 只用功不玩耍（聪明孩子也变傻）。   Q：Too much focus on social and other non-academic activities could disrupt students' studies. 这里为什么不用can，而用could呢？ A：could表示强调可能性，can强调能力，这里用could表示将太多精力放在社交以及非学术性活动上可能会影响学生的学习，如果用can则表示将太多精力放在社交以及非学术性活动上能够影响学生的学习。   Q：while和whereas有什么区别？它们分别可以用在怎样的情形下。前面是用，还是；隔开？需要注意什么语法点？ A：while和whereas意思相同，但whereas会更为正式。   3.尽管一个理想的工作是既有高薪又有光明前景，但我们可能需要在两者中间取得一个平衡。在我看来，刚刚毕业的大学生最好选择一个职业发展机会好的职业，而不要只追求高薪。 While an ideal job would be one that is both high-paying（1.高薪） and has bright prospects（2.光明前景）, it may be necessary to make a trade-off（3.取得平衡）. In my view, recent graduates are better off （4.境况更好）choosing a job with excellent career opportunities rather than the one with the highest salary.     1- high-paying   外刊例句： The authors of the study wrote: “In particular, we found   that males were shown ads encouraging the seeking of coaching services for high paying jobs more than females.” （） 该研究的作者写道:“我们发现的特别的一点是，那些鼓励人们找培训服务学习，从而找到好工作的广告比起女性，更多地呈现给男性看。”   替换表达：well/highly paid     2- bright prospects prospects复数形式表示“工作、机会”的成功前景，而单数形式prospect是指对未来某个场景的设想、或者某事发生的可能性。   词典释义： prospects [plural]    ■the possibility of   being successful, especially at work 成功的机会；前景，前途   •She's hoping the course will improve her career prospects.她希望这门课能改善自己的事业前景。 •Prospects of/for (= Opportunities for) employment remain bleak for most   people in the area.该地区大多数人的就业前景还是很黯淡的。   外刊例句： Su Shulin was thought to have bright prospects until he was removed as governor of coastal   Fujian province after being snared in a corruption investigation in October.   (The Economist) 曾经担任沿海省份福建省省长的苏顺林本来有着大好前途，但他10月因贪污问题遭到调查，最后被免去了公职。   替换表达：a bright future     3- make a trade-off   词典释义： trade-off UK ['treɪd.ɒf] US [-ɑ:f] noun    countable    ■a situation in which you balance two opposing situations   or qualities 平衡；协调 •There is a trade-off between doing the job   accurately and doing it quickly.工作做得准确无误和迅速快捷之间有个平衡。 •She said that she'd had to make a trade-off between   her job and her family.她说她必须平衡好工作和家庭。   外刊例句： A team of researchers led by Bernard Lietaer found that   ecosystems make a trade-off   between efficiency and resilience, sacrificing substantial possible gains in   efficiency (in terms of volume of output) in order to maintain the resilience   of the system. （） 由伯纳德·李斯特尔率领的研究团队发现，生态系统能在效能和恢复力间取得平衡，即牺牲效能可能带来的大量收益（换句话来说就是产出）来维持系统的恢复力。   替换表达：strike/achieve/find a balance between     4- be better off   词典释义： better off   adjective    be better off    ■to have more money than you had in the past or more money   than most other people 经济状况较以前（或较大多数人）好   •Obviously we're better off now we're both working.现在我们都工作，经济状况显然比以前好了。 •When his parents died, he found himself $100 000 better   off (= he had $100 000 more than he had in the past).父母死后，他发现自己一下子多了十万美元的财产。 ■to be in a better situation, if or after something   happens 境况更好 •He'd be better off working for a bigger company.若他在大一点的公司里工作，境况就会比较好。   外刊例句： Jeremy Corbyn will use his first speech of 2017 to claim   that Britain can be better off outside   the EU and insist that the Labour party has no principled objection to ending   the free movement of European workers in the UK. (The Guardian) 杰里米·科尔宾将在他2017年的首次演说上表明，英国离开了欧盟会变得更好，并将坚称工党并非坚决反对来自欧洲的工作者来英国工作。    Q：关于balance有个疑问，字典中说它是不可数的，但是在例句中又写道Try to keep a balance between work and play.想知道这是因为什么呢？ A：balance可以当不可数名词，也可以当单数名词，当它是单数名词的时候，可以用a修饰，可以查看柯林斯词典或朗文词典对它的说明。   Q：would be one that 这个部分为什么在这个翻译中使用呢？ A：这里one指代前面提到的job，相当于While an ideal job would be a job that is both…   Q：老师，The first job that a college student takes after   graduation is crucial to shaping his or her career outlook and ambitions.此处为什么用动名词shaping?之前并没有形式主语？ A：这里并不是动名词，而是be crucial to doing something 的结构，例如：The work of monks was crucial to spreading Christianity. 修道士的工作对传播基督教起了关键性的作用。   Q：例句中用的是一般现在时，但是我觉得从大学生们接受了第一份工作，到他们被这份工作所影响，是一个动程，所以我选择了使用过去式去表现这个状态。 A：这里不可以用过去式，过去式一般表示过去发生的事情，或者一种已经结束的状态。而这个句子表达的意思具有普适性，应该使用一般现在时来阐述。   Q：老师请问要怎么对翻过的东西进行总结能起到最大的效果，光把中英文抄下来我觉得效果好像不大 A：可以认真对比一下每天的复盘，看看自己有哪些地方写错的，同时通过查词典加深印象，另外，如果有知识点不明确的，一定要记得去查语法书。   Q：为什么要使用虚拟语气？ A：这里并不是虚拟语气，would在这里是表示一种可能的情况。   MODAL 情态动词(表示可能出现的情况的结果或影响)会，将会 You use would when you are referring   to the result or effect of a possible situation. · Ordinarily it would be fun to be taken to fabulous        restaurants. 一般来说，跟别人去豪华餐馆吃饭会是件乐事。 · It would be wrong to suggest that police officers were        not annoyed by acts of indecency. 要是认为警官对粗鄙行为不气不恼，那可就错了。    While an ideal job would be one that is both high-paying   and has bright prospects, it may be necessary to make a trade-off.   [分析]本句的主干为it may be necessary   to make a trade-off，这是一个主系表结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make a trade-off。句首由while引导一个让步状语从句，其主干是an ideal job would be one，其后是一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰one。在这个定语从句中，that指代one，即an ideal job，其后是两个并列的谓语结构is high-paying和has bright prospects。   4.大学生毕业后的第一份工作在塑造他们的职业观和职业抱负上有至关重要的作用。那些接受了报酬虽高却单调乏味职位的学生会不可避免地感到泄气，并最终消磨掉他们曾经有的动力。相反，能促进自身发展和不断学习的工作不仅能使人享受其中，还能逐渐培养出一种积极的态度，激励学生做到最好。 The first job that a college student takes after graduation is crucial to shaping his or her career outlook（1.塑造……的观念）and ambitions. Students who accept a position that pays well but is tedious （2.单调乏味）will inevitably become discouraged and, eventually, lose the drive（3.动力） that they once had. In contrast, jobs that foster graduates' development and continuous learning will not only keep them happy, but also instill in（4.逐渐灌输） them a positive attitude that motivates them to be their very best.     1- shape one’s (sth) outlook   词典释义： outlook ['aʊt.lʊk] noun    OPINION 观点    countable usually singular    ■a person's way of   understanding and thinking about something 观点，看法   •He has a fairly positive outlook on   life.他的人生观相当积极。   外刊例句： He also doesn’t deliver anything resembling a punchline.   But the stories he tells – about the elements of 80s pop culture that shape his outlook, the weird ways men   feel forced to behave, and the attritional struggle for survival that passes   for daily life in his native Chippenham – are some of the funniest you’ll   ever hear.（） 他并非想说什么俏皮话。但他所述的故事肯定是你听过最搞笑的故事之一——这故事关于那些塑造了他人生观的80年代流行文化元素、那些大家都会觉得很奇怪的行为规矩，以及他在切尔哈姆的为生计操劳的日常生活。   学生错误表达： （1）       fostering   their Professional ideology 点评：表达不准确。Ideology是指政治或经济上的思想体系、意识形态。 （2）       have an   important effect in occupational philosophy and vocational ambitions 点评：表达过于冗长且不准确，effect后面的介词应该是on，philosophy是指“人生哲学或工作准则”，用在这里不恰当。    2- tedious  词典释义： tedious ['ti:.di.əs]   adjective    ■boring 单调乏味的，无趣的 •a tedious job单调乏味的工作 •The trouble is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.问题是我觉得大多数形式的锻炼都很乏味。   外刊例句： The price—a priority visa in Britain costs £100 ($154)—can   be enough to put people off. But there is also the t