第3篇译文老师笔记.docx

1. 人文教育可以丰富学生的生活，为他们提供看待社会运转方式的不同视角。 Liberal arts education （1. 人文教育）can enrich students' life （2.丰富学生的生活）and provide them with different perspectives on （3.对……不同的视角）the way society works（4.社会运转）.      1- liberal arts是指大学里的文科，包括历史、语言和文学等，与之相对应的是sciences（理科）。   liberal arts mainly US    plural noun    ■college or university subjects such as history,   languages and literature （大学的）文科 外刊例句：外刊例句： That’s an attitude that might seem at odds with   the UK’s increasingly exam-driven higher education. But as the sector’s   offerings become more diverse, it seems likely that a liberal arts education will   become an option for students outside the US. (The Guardian)Historians try to   correct this bias by telling us   about the masses of ordinary Romans, but rarely do we have works written by   or about these people. (The Guardian) 注意：“人文教育”不能写成literature education或者cultural education，此外，liberal education是指“通识教育”，它与“人文教育”有所区别。 2- enrich  somebody’s life是一个常见搭配，含义是“丰富某人的生活”   enrich [ɪn'rɪtʃ] verb    提高    transitive    to improve the quality of something by adding   something else 使丰富，使富含；充实 •Fertilizer helps to enrich   the soil.化肥可以提高土壤肥沃度。 •My life was greatly enriched   by knowing her.认识了她，让我的生活变得非常充实。   外刊例句：   Then, in 1948, she encountered the first   of three significant relationships with men that were to enrich her life, as well as give her emotional pain. (The   Guardian)   注意：“丰富学生的生活”不能写成rich students’ life或者fulfill students’ life，rich是形容词，不能当动词用，fulfill含义是“实现，履行（梦想、希望等）”，没有fulfill   students’ life这样的说法。     3- perspective含义是“（思考问题的）角度，观点，想法”，后面常跟介词on   perspective UK [pə'spek.tɪv] US [pɚ'spek-] noun    想法    countable    a particular way of considering something （思考问题的）角度，观点，想法 •He writes from a Marxist perspective.他从一个马克思主义者的角度写作。 •Because of its geographical position,   Germany's perspective on the situation in Eastern Europe   is rather different from Britain's.由于地理位置不同，德国对东欧局势的看法与英国大相迳庭。   外刊例句：   Two new books approach British history by offering different perspectives on the   question of belonging and continuity.(The Guardian)   注意：不要将perspective与prospect（可能性，机会）相混淆。     4- work在这里的含义是“运转，运行；操作”   If a machine or device works, it operates,   especially correctly and without failure, and if you work it, you make it   operate 运转，运行；操作 •Our telephone isn't working.我们的电话坏了。 •You need a team of about twelve people to work   a furnace this size.这样大小的熔炉需要大约12个人来维持其运行。   外刊例句：    They’ve talked   about using AI to distinguish between constructive and unconstructive   comments; one possibility is that by tweaking the code in things, you can   have a sea change in the way society   works. (The Guardian)   可供替换的表达：the   way society functions   注意：“社会运转”不能写成society runs，因为当run取“运转”含义时是及物动词，我们可以说He runs a company. 但不能说 The company runs.     Q：provide 后接双宾语是否要接with？   A： provide后接双宾语需要接with，我们要说provide somebody with something，而不能说provide somebody something，关于这一点可以查看朗文词典provide这一词条的说明。   Q：enrich students' life  :我用的life的复数形式，这里不太清楚为什么使用单数形式。经查询，以下情况作可数名词：表示某种方式的生活、性命、一生、一辈子、生平、传记等。   以下情况作不可数名词：表示一般意义的生活”、泛指意义或抽象意义的生命、人生、生气、活动等。 这里为什么使用单数呢？   A：enrich students’ life和enrich students’ lives所代表的含义不同，enrich   students’ life是将这些学生的生活当成一个整体来看待，enrich students’ lives   则是指不同学生不同的生活。这里使用enrich students’ life会更加恰当。关于life与lives的区别可以参考这个帖子   2. 大学生以其忙碌的日常安排而出名。除了完成作业以及应对考试之外，他们还要兼顾课外活动以及兼职工作。 University students have notoriously （1.以……而出名）busy schedules（2.忙碌的日常安排）. In addition to （3.除了）working on assignments and preparing for exams, they also have to juggle （4.兼顾）extracurricular activities and part-time jobs.     1- notorious一般用于形容某事臭名昭著，它的副词形式notoriously可以用于指某事物因为规模、难度等巨大而出名，此时它是一个中性词。举个例子，新概念英语3里面就有一个句子：Predicting the future is notoriously   difficult. 柯林斯词典上还有更多例句： The train company is overstaffed and notoriously   inefficient. 铁路公司冗员过多，工作效率出了名地低。   He worked mainly in New York City where   living space is notoriously at a premium. 他主要在纽约市工作，那儿的住房出了名地昂贵。   Doctors notoriously neglect their own   health and fail to seek help when they should. 众所周知，医生不注意自身的健康，而且在应该求助时也不这么做。 外刊例句： New Year’s resolutions are notoriously difficult to stick to, so why do we still take up new   activities each year only to drop them after only a few weeks? (The Guardian) 可供替换的表达：be renowned for /   be famous for   2- a busy schedule是指“繁忙的日常安排”，也可以说a   full schedule，如果要进一步强调繁忙的程度，可以说 a hectic/tight schedule   schedule UK ['ʃed.ju:l] US ['sked-]   noun countable      a list of planned activities or things to be done   showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen or be done 计划表；日程表； 进度表 ； 时刻表 •a production schedule生产进度表 •a hectic/tight (= very busy) schedule   忙乱的／紧张忙碌的排程 •Everything went according to schedule   (= as planned).一切按照排程进行。   外刊例句：   Widely recognised as one of the most   innovative musicians working today, Ms Alsop has a busy schedule.   可供替换的表达：have a busy agenda      3- in addition to的含义是“除了……之外还有”   in   addition (to)    * as well (as)  •In addition to his flat in   London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.除了在伦敦拥有一层公寓外，他在义大利还有一座乡间别墅，在苏格兰有一座城堡。   外刊例句：   In   addition to its polarised Congress, America has a   polarised Supreme Court. (The Economist)   可供替换的表达还有：apart from / aside from   注意：这里不能使用besides   besides or also?   Warning: choose   the correct adverb! Use besides at the   beginning of a clause to add a fact or reason that is stronger than what you   have already said I'm too tired to go to the supermarket. Besides, it's   closed on Sunday. To just add extra information, don't say 'besides' say in   addition or also:   ✗ I speak French fluently. Besides, I speak   some Italian.  I speak French   fluently. Also, I speak some Italian.     4- juggle是一个很好用的词，它本义是指“玩杂耍（连续向空中抛接多个物体）”，引申义是“同时兼顾多种活动”。 juggle    transitive informal      ■to succeed in arranging your life so that you have   time to involve yourself in two or more different activities or groups of   people 尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人） •Many parents find it hard to juggle   children and a career.许多父母发现一边照顾孩子一边忙事业很难应付。   外刊例句：   The interviewers   are trying to juggle their day   jobs with their recruiting duties:   they seldom spend more than a minute or so reviewing each application form.   (The Economist)   注意：这里不可以使用balance，balance是指同等重视相对的两个事物或方面，比如： She tries to   balance home life and career. 她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。而原句子提到的活动已经超过了两个，因此应该用juggle。    3. 教育的作用不只在于传授知识，更在于培养学生的批判性思维以及为他们未来的职业发展做准备。  The function of education is not just about （1.不仅仅在于）imparting knowledge（2.传授知识）, but more about developing students’ critical thinking（3.批判性思维） and preparing them for（4.帮助某人做好准备） their future career development（5.未来职业发展）.     1- not just about … but more about …是一个常用的句式，它的含义是“不仅仅在于……还在于……”   外刊例句：   Europeans worry a lot about wage   competition. The researchers note that globalisation is not just about wages, but   more broadly about finding efficiencies anywhere along complex supply   chains. (The Economist）   2- impart knowledge是一个常见搭配，含义是“传授知识”。   柯林斯词典例句：   The ability to impart knowledge and command respect is the essential   qualification for teachers. 具备传授知识并赢得尊敬的能力是对教师的基本要求。   I am about to impart knowledge to you that you will never forget. 我会向你传授让你终生牢记的知识。   外刊例句： Ever heard of behaviour for learning?   Most often, all that seems to mean is that students are being quiet and   respectful so that the teacher is free to impart knowledge instead of trying to make them shut up and   listen. (The Guardian)   注意：“传授知识”不能写成deliver knowledge，deliver的意思是“运送，投递”，不能修饰knowledge。     3- critical thinking（批判性思维）是一个专有名词，它是指为了得到肯定的判断所进行的清晰、理性的思考方式。关于批判性思维的更多介绍可以参考https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking   外刊例句： A genuine sex   education should take the bio-psychological, emotional and social aspects of   sexuality into account, should allow children to understand differences   between the sexes, interpersonal relationships, the importance of developing critical thinking, an open mind and   respect for the other. (The Guardian)   注意：critical   thinking是一个专有名词，不能写成critic thinking     4- prepare somebody for something含义是“使某人做好准备”   [intransitive/transitive] to make yourself or someone else ready and able to deal with a   future event   prepare (yourself) for something: I think you should prepare yourself for a shock.   prepare someone for something: This course prepares graduates for management careers in the   tourist industry. prepare (yourself) to do something: She knocked twice on the door and prepared herself to meet her   new son-in-law.   prepare someone to do something: We aim to cover your basic military training and prepare you   to join the Navy team.   外刊例句： In our survey,   nearly 70% of employers blamed inadequate training for the shortfall in   skilled workers, yet 70% of education providers believe they suitably prepare graduates for the jobs market. (The Economist)     5- future career   development，未来职业发展   外刊例句： My third top   suggestion for newly minted graduates is the following: where you go to work   will be far more important to your future   career development than the dollar amount you make during those first few   years out of college. (Forbes)   4. 一般来说，大学生已经被社会视为成年人，那么在体育锻炼方面，他们应当享有相应的决策自主权。 In general, university students are treated as （1.被视为……）adults by society and should be given a corresponding （2.相应的）level of decision-making autonomy（3.决策自主权）with respect to （4.在……方面）physical activity.   1- treat somebody as   something把某人当成……来看待，也可以说   treat somebody like something   treat   / triːt /    ◙ verb [VN]    ›› BEHAVE TOWARDS SB / STH 对待    1. ~ sb / sth (with / as / like sth) to behave in a particular way   towards sb / sth   • 以…态度对待；以…方式对待:    »to treat people with respect /   consideration / suspicion, etc.      对人尊敬、体谅、怀疑等     »Treat your keyboard with care and it   should last for years.      小心使用你的键盘,这样就可以使用很多年。     »My parents still treat me like a child.      我父母仍然把我当成孩子。     »He was treated as a hero on his release   from prison.      他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。   外刊例句：   Unlike those aged 16 or below, 17-year-olds taken into custody are treated as adults and not entitled to   the support of a parent or someone known as an "appropriate adult".   (The Guardian)   可供替换的表达：be regarded as     2- corresponding 是一个在话题写作中经常会用到的单词，它的含义是“相应的，对等的”，这个单词的意思比较微妙，可以通过多读例句掌握它的用法：   corresponding UK [ˌkɒr.ɪ'spɒn.dɪŋ] US [ˌkɔ:r.ɪ'spɑ:n-] adjective  similar, or resulting from something else 相似的；相应的；对等的 •Company losses were 50 per cent worse than   in the corresponding period last year.与去年同期相比，公司亏损增加了50%。 •As the course becomes more difficult,   there's usually a corresponding drop in attendance.随着课程逐渐变难，来上课的人也越来越少了。   外刊例句：   Twelve months on from the last election,   support for marriage equality remains at 63% with those opposed at 25%   compared with July 2016, when the corresponding   figures were 58% and 28%. (The Guardian)     3- autonomy是指“自主权”，decision-making   autonomy（决策自主权）是一个常用说法。   au∙ton∙omy / ɔːˈtɔnəmi; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːn- /    ◙ noun [U]    1. the freedom for a country, a region or an organization to govern itself   independently   • 自治；自治权   【SYN】 independence :    »a campaign in Wales for greater autonomy      威尔士争取更大自治权的运动    2. the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone   else   • 自主；自主权:    »giving individuals greater autonomy in   their own lives      给个人在生活中更大的自主权   外刊例句：   Women and girls   lack decision-making autonomy and   parents, husbands and in-laws make decisions for them throughout their lives.   It is why boys and men inherit, own and control land and other productive   resources and girls and women do not. (The Guardian)   注意：“决策自主权”不能写成decision authority，authority是“权力，权威”的意思。     4- with respect to是话题作文中的常见表达，含义是“关于；就……而言”   with respect to sth      •(formal or business 商) concerning   • 关于；就…而言:    »The two groups were similar with respect   to income and status.      这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。   外刊例句：   Intentionally or   not, American policy with respect to   the world's worst military and humanitarian crisis had been changed   dramatically.   可供替换的表达有：concerning / in respect of / with regard to / in regard to     Q：被社会：我这里用了in，译文用了by。 虽然从英文翻过来，可能两个词都被翻成被，但中文中用的被，那就尊重原文，用by强调“被动”，不知道理解的对不对？   A： university students are treated   as adults by society以及university students are treated   as adults in society两者有所不同，前者是“被社会当成成年人”，后者是“在社会中被当成成年人”。