第23篇译文老师笔记.docx

1. 自古以来，太空旅行的想法就一直引起人们的想象。在20世纪50年代和60年代，太空旅行最终成为现实，并且发展极其迅速。 Since ancient times （1.自古以来）the concept of space travel has captured people's imagination（2.引起人们的想象）. During the 1950s and 60s space travel finally became a reality and progress was made at breakneck pace（3.极其迅速）.      1- Since ancient times 词典释义： time 37. PERIOD IN HISTORY 历史阶段, C also times pl. a particular period in history〔历史上的〕时代，时期: •Mankind has used   the horse since ancient times .人类从古时候起就开始使用马匹了。 •In earlier times,   servants would use the bare wooden stairs at the back of the house.过去，仆人只能走房子后面光光的木楼梯。 at / in / during etc the time of sth •He lived at the   time of the Napoleonic wars.他生活在拿破仑战争时期。 our time(s) ( = the present period in history )我们的时代，当代 •Air pollution has become   one of the most significant health problems of our time.空气污染成了我们这个时代最重大的健康问题。   外刊例句： Since ancient times, medics have   relied on their sense of smell to help them work out what is wrong with their   patients. （） 医生自古以来一直依靠嗅觉来辅助他们诊治病人。   替换表达：from/since time immemorial,    since antiquity   学生错误表达： （1）       Since ancient   time 点评：ancient times是一个固定说法，不能写成ancient time 2- capture people's imagination  词典释义： capture UK ['kæp.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive  INTEREST 关注  ■If something captures your imagination or attention, you feel very interested and excited by it 唤起（想像）；引起（关注） •The American drive to land a man on the Moon captured the imagination/attention of the whole world.美国的载人登月行动引起了全世界的遐想／关注。  外刊例句：  “Brands   will need to communicate in a more sophisticated, strategic way to capture people’s imagination,” says   Liddell. “This starts with knowing when not to share good work that people   expect you to be doing anyway, and being more rigorous about communicating   the things that really add value.” （） 利德尔说：“品牌要想使顾客对其着迷，就得以更精细和富有策略的方式来传达其品牌信息。这首先得明白什么时候不去宣扬那些大众认为你理所当然该做的事情，并且在传递一些真正富有意义的东西时要更加缜密。”   替换表达：fire/stimulate people’s imagination   学生错误表达： （1）       cause people   to imagine 点评：cause people to   imagine含义是“导致人们去想象”，意思表达不准确。 （2）       a cause of   imagination 点评：表达不准确，cause of   something一般指“造成……的原因”，例如：It's our job to establish   the cause of the fire.找出起火原因是我们的责任。Cause of不能与imagination搭配。     3- at breakneck pace 这个词组现在已经中性，而不是仅仅用于贬义。   词典释义： breakneck 1.ADJ 形容词   （速度）极快的 If you say that something happens or travels   at breakneck speed, you mean that it happens or travels very fast.   【搭配模式】：ADJ n •Jack drove to Mayfair at breakneck speed.杰克驾车向梅费尔疾驶。   外刊例句： At breakneck pace, it built the   Global Centre for Combating Extremist Ideology in Riyadh, where Mr Trump and   MBS’s 81-year-old father, King Salman bin Abdel Aziz Al Saud, performed a   weird inauguration ceremony involving a glowing globe. （） 它在利雅得以惊人速度建造了打机极端恐怖主义的国际中心。而特朗普与默罕穆德·本·萨勒曼81岁的父亲萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒一同出席了该建筑物的奇异建成庆典（该庆典上有着一个发光的球体）。   替换表达：at breakneck speed     Q：极其迅速今天用at breakneck pace，昨天用at a breathless pace，到底pace可数还是不可数呢？ A：pace既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，因此我们可以说at a high speed，也可以说at high speed，但对于at breakneck pace / at a breathless pace 这两个短语可以当成固定搭配记住。   Q：在20世纪50年代和60年代，这句话我的答案是In 1950s and 1960s，是否可以呢？ A：需要改成in the 1950s and 1960s   Q：captured，是否可以换成其他的词，比如arouse呢？ A：可以，除了capture people’s imagination，也可以说arouse/catch people’s imagination   Q：请问，此处用at breakneck pace来形容太空事业的发展是否合适？毕竟他的释义是extremely and often dangerously fast，里头有dangerously的含义在里头。太空事业现在发展的很危险吗？ A：at a breakneck pace是一个中性词，它可以用来指某事物的发展很快，我们可以在朗文词典中找到例句：Cirrus, known mostly for multimedia chips, had been growing at a breakneck pace until last year.   2. 考虑到空间探索与国家安全密切相关，那么对于财政资源丰富的国家来说，放弃空间计划，而其他国家继续在空间探索上迅速发展，这是很不明智的。 Given that space exploration is inextricably linked to （1.与……密切相关）national security, it would be imprudent （2.不明智的）for a financially well-off （3.财政资源丰富）country to abandon its space program while other nations continue to forge ahead（4.迅速发展）.      1- be inextricably linked to   词典释义： inextricably ●○○○○ 1.ADV-GRADED   副词 分不开地;解不开地;紧密地 If two or more things are inextricably linked, they cannot be considered   separately.   【搭配模式】：ADV with v   【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式 •Religion was for her inextricably linked with life itself. 宗教对她来说是与生活本身紧密联系在一起的。   外刊例句： For Saki Macozoma, business and politics are inextricably linked. （） 在萨奇·马克左玛看来，商业与政治密不可分。   替换表达：be closely linked to   学生错误表达： （1）       have close   relationship with 点评：relationship在这里是可数名词，应该改为have a close relationship with     2- imprudent   词典释义： imprudent [ɪm'pru:.dənt] formal    adjective    ■unwise, by failing to consider the likely results of your   actions 不明智的；不谨慎的，轻率的 •The report criticizes the banks for being imprudent   in their lending.该报告批评银行在贷款方面不谨慎。   外刊例句： Malcolm's view, however, was the sensible and sound one:   given the catastrophic potential consequences of climate change as forecast   by most scientists, it would be imprudent   to do nothing, in the same way that it would be imprudent to ignore most oncologists' warning that you have a   tumour. （） 然而，马尔科姆的观点其实有理有据:鉴于科学家大部分都预测了气候变化可能带来毁天灭地般的影响，若我们仍无动于衷无异是不明智的；同理，若肿瘤专家大多提醒你，你已经患上了肿瘤，而你却置之不理，这样子显然过于轻率。   替换表达：not sensible/ unwise     3- financially well-off   词典释义： well-off 1. having a lot of money, or enough money to have   a good standard of living有钱的，富裕的;ANT badly-off   •children from   well-off families富裕家庭的孩子 •Many pensioners   are less well-off (=have less money) than they used to be.许多退休人员生活都不如以前富裕了。 2. be well-off for sth having   plenty of something, or as much of it as you need有充裕的某物，有够多的某物: •We're well-off for   public transport here.我们这里公共交通发达。   financial ●●●●● 1.ADJ 形容词   财政的;金融的;财务的 Financial means   relating to or involving money.   【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n •The company is in financial   difficulties.公司目前财政困难。 •...the government's financial   advisers.政府的财政顾问 financially •She would like to be more financially   independent...她想在经济上更加独立。 •She's been struggling financially   for years...她多年来一直生活拮据。 •Financially, things are a bit tight.经济上情况有点吃紧。   外刊例句： However, these mothers tended to be the more financially well-off or admitted   their partners had opened the accounts. （） 然而，这些妈妈将变得更富有，或者承认她们的父母早已给她们存了钱到银行。   替换表达：rich / wealthy / affluent / with abundant financial resources     4- forge ahead   词典释义： UK [fɔ:dʒ] US [fɔ:rdʒ] verb      Phrasal Verbs   forge ahead    ■to suddenly make a   lot of progress with something 突然进展神速；迅猛发展   •The organizers are forging ahead with a   programme of public events.组织者搞的一个公共活动计划进展神速。   forge   ahead [intransitive] [present tense I/you/we/they forge ahead he/she/it   forges ahead present participle forging ahead past tense   forged ahead past participle forged   ahead] phrasal   verb     1. to make strong steady   progress         Export sales continue to forge ahead.         He forged ahead with his plans.   外刊例句： As governments continue to forge ahead with reforms, they should make greater use of the  behavioural insights expertise at their disposal.（） 随着政府继续坚持改革，向前迈进，他们该更好地利用其所掌握的行为洞察知识。   替换表达：make progress quickly     Q：financially well-off的well off是名词还是？ A：well-off在这里是形容词，可以参考词典里面的说明。   Q：请问老师：查了词典forge 本身就要突然向前的意思，用了ahead会不会重复了？谢谢老师！ A：forge ahead是一个固定表达，可以记住。   Q：请问老师 financial 与fiscal 两者有什么区别吗？ A：financial可以指与金融相关的东西，它的范围比较广，而fiscal会更加具体，它仅仅指“（政府）财政的”。我们可以说：Organic   farmers should be encouraged with   financial incentives.对实行有机栽培的农民应当在经济上给予鼓励。但不可以说：Organic   farmers should be encouraged with fiscal incentives.   Q：您好老师，考虑到为什么要用given that呢？considering   可以吗？ A：这里用considering (that) 也可以。   3. 太空探索的实际好处确实很难找到。有少数为了太空飞行而研发的技术在随后找到了更广泛的应用。然而，这些发展进步很难被认为是革命性的，而且它们也当然不能为太空项目庞大的开销正名。 It is certainly true that tangible （1.实际的）benefits of space exploration are difficult to find. There are a small number of technologies which were developed for space flight that have since found a more general use（2.找到更广泛的应用）. However, such developments can hardly be considered revolutionary and certainly do not justify （3.是……的正当理由）the enormous cost of a space programme.     1- tangible   词典释义： tangible ['tæn.dʒə.bl] adjective    ■real or not imaginary; able to be shown, touched or   experienced 真实的；非想像的；可触摸的；可感知的 •We need tangible evidence if we're going to take legal action.如果我们要采取法律行动，就需要有实实在在的证据。 •Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.其他实实在在的好处包括加薪和缩短工作时间。   外刊例句： Are rising bills at the supermarket checkout turning out to   be the first tangible impact of   climate change on the daily lives of all Britons? It very much seems so.（） 超市货物涨价将是英国人在日常生活中最先真实感受到的气候变化影响吗？看起来就是这样。   替换表达：concrete / real     2- find a more general use   词典释义： general 4.ADJ-GRADED   能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词 广泛的；普遍的 You use general to   describe something that involves or affects most people, or most people in a   particular group.   【搭配模式】：ADJ n •The project should raise general awareness about bullying.这个项目将会提高民众对恃强凌弱行径的认识。   外刊例句： However, Fryer assumed shootings are not necessarily linked   to a more general use of police   force. （） 但弗耶认为，枪击案与警察更频繁的出动无必然联系。   替换表达：be widely employed / applied   学生错误表达： （1）       Have a wider   applications 点评：application在这里是不可数名词，应该改为have wider application     3- justify something   词典释义： justify ['dʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ] verb transitive   IMPROVER   ■to give or to be a good reason for 为…辩护；证明…正当（或有理、正确）；是…的正当理由 •[+ -ing verb] I can't really justify taking   another day off work.我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了。 •Are you sure that these measures are justified? 你确定这些措施合理吗？   外刊例句： And corporate jets are hard to justify when squeezing costs elsewhere. （） 再者，在其他开支都紧缩的情况下，很难给公司私人飞机的使用找到正当理由。   替换表达：warrant   学生错误表达： （1）       excuse 点评：excuse是指“（辩解的）理由，借口”，例如：He'd better have a good excuse for being late.他迟到最好有正当的理由。而语境中是要说明航空计划高花费的正当性，用excuse不太合适。     Q：There are a small number of technologies which were   developed for space flight that have since found a more general use.这句话中为什么加了一个since呢？不太懂。 A：since在这里是一个副词，含义是“自……以后”，have   since done something这种用法在英文中很常见，例如：I returned home to   Sussex and have since worked as a solicitor. 我回到了家乡萨塞克斯郡，之后就一直做事务律师。   Q："There are a small number of technologies which   were developed for space flight that have since found a more general   use."中which和that后面接的都是修饰technologies的定语从句吗？ A：是的，这里which和that指代的都是前面的technologies   Q：fly 也可以做名词，和flight 有什么不同？ A：fly作为名词时是指“苍蝇”，不能用来指“太空飞行”。   Q：the enormous cost of a space program 能不能写成 the enormous cost of space programs？ A：可以，这里a space program和space   programs都泛指“太空项目”。   Q：请问什么时候用program 什么时候用programme？看了一下字典感觉都是可以共用的，对吗？ A：是的，两个单词是一样的，program是美式拼法，programme是英式拼法。   4. 人类一直都有一种探索和求知的欲望，而太空绝对是充满了未知的一个地方。这种好奇心使人类和动物得以区别，也是智人（Homo sapiens）如此繁盛的主要原因之一。如果人类丧失了对于拓展疆界、发掘未知的兴趣，那么进步和发展就会迅速停滞不前。 Humans have always had a desire to explore and understand, and space is absolutely brimming with（1.充满） the unknown. This curiosity is what differentiates humans from animals and is one of the main reasons why Homo sapiens have flourished （2.繁盛）to such an extent. If humans lost interest in pushing back the boundaries （3.开拓疆界）and discovering the previously undiscovered, then progress and development would quickly stagnate（4.停滞不前）.     1- brim with 注意是主动语态。   词典释义： brim [brɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-)   ■to become full of   something, especially a liquid 注满，装满（尤指液体）   •Her eyes brimmed with tears when she heard that he was alive.当她听说他活着时，眼里噙满了泪水。 •figurative   His recent triumphs have left the tennis ace brimming (over) with (= full of) confidence and energy.最近的几次胜利使这位网球高手充满信心和活力。   外刊例句： Messrs Harbath and Meserve both brim with pride when they describe their high-purity aluminium. （） 哈尔巴夫与莫瑟夫先生满怀自豪地介绍他们的“纯种”校友会。   替换表达：be full of something     2- flourish   词典释义： flourish UK ['flʌr.ɪʃ] US ['flɝ:-] verb    SUCCEED 成功    intransitive    ■to grow or develop successfully 茁壮成长；繁荣；蓬勃发展 •My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must   be the warm weather.今年夏天我的番茄长势很好——这一定是天气暖和的原因。 •Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain   around 1750.1750年左右，水彩画开始在英国兴盛起来。  外刊例句： Allred, like bed bugs, is a strange phenomenon who could   very well exist in other countries but seems to flourish in America – flourish   to the point of ubiquity.（） Allred就像臭虫那样，是种奇怪现象，它在其他国家也的确存在，但似乎只在美国蓬勃发展，遍布全国。   替换表达：thrive / prosper     3- push back the boundaries   词典释义：   usually plural the limits of an activity or experience         a community in which class boundaries   are very clearly drawn         push back/extend the boundaries of   something: new research that pushes back   the boundaries of genetic science         cut across boundaries: The party’s support cuts across   religious boundaries (=is not   influenced by differences among religions) .   外刊例句： The warmth in the Arctic that this arrangement has brought   may diminish the regeneration of sea ice over the course of this winter,   meaning that next summer's sun can push   back the boundaries further. （） 该协定导致北极升温，这可能会使本年冬季重新结冰的海冰融化，导致海岸线于下个夏天在阳光的影响下升得更高。                            替换表达：extend the boundaries     4- stagnate   词典释义： stagnate UK [stæg'neɪt] US ['stæg.neɪt] verb intransitive    ■to stay the same and not grow or develop 停滞不前；不发展 •The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating   after 15 years of tremendous growth.电子产业在经过15年的飞速发展之后出现了停滞不前的迹象。   外刊例句： As the cost of living rises and wages stagnate, for many food is becoming harder to afford. We’re   returning to an era where a healthy diet is aspirational.（） （我们）因为生活开销增加和工资滞胀，很多食物都买不起了。我们正回到人人都渴望吃得健康的日子。   替换表达：become stagnant / come to a standstill / be bogged down / get   bogged down     Q：好像没有查到’push back‘有开拓的意思呀？push   back 本身不是撤退，使回到原处的含义吗？为什么 pushing back the boundaries会是开拓疆界的含义呢？虽然我查到了例句Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human   knowledge. A：push back the boundaries是一个固定搭配，含义是“开拓疆界”，例如：new research that pushes back the boundaries of genetic science 扩大人们对基因科学知识的研究，关于短语的更多知识可以查看朗文词典中的解释。   Q：最后一句，可不可以不用虚拟语气？ A：这里必须要用虚拟语气，因为“人类失去好奇心”只是一个不太可能发生的假设，要用虚拟语气来表达。   Q：curiosity [U, sing.] ~ (about sth) | ~ (to do sth) a strong   desire to know about sth好奇心；求知欲:为什么这里用this？？this后可以用不可数名词吗？？ A：this curiosity是指前面提到的Humans   have always had a desire to explore and understand这种好奇心。This后面可以加不可数名词，例如柯林斯词典例句：When food comes   out of any oven, it should stand a while. During this delay the centre   carries on cooking. 食物出炉后都应该静置一会。在此期间，中心部分还在继续加热。   Q：If humans lost interest in pushing back the   boundaries and discovering the previously undiscovered, then progress and   development would quickly stagnate. if从句用了过去式lost, 那么后半句是不是应该用would have stagnated? A：不能用would have stagnated，因为would   have done something是对过去的虚拟，而