第63篇老师译文笔记【jiaoyupan.com教育盘】.docx

1.虽然采取行动不能保证我们立即获得成功，也不能排除我们偶尔失误的可能性，但它会促使我们进步，以使我们有朝一日实现宏伟的志向。 While action does not guarantee instantaneous success, nor does it preclude the possibility of （1.排除……的可能性）making the occasional misstep（2.偶尔的失误）, it will help to move us forward so that our lofty （3.宏伟的）ambitions may one day be fulfilled.   1-排除……的可能性 preclude the possibility of   词典释义： preclude UK [prɪ'klu:d] US [prə-] formal  verb transitive  ■to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something 排除，防止，杜绝；阻碍  •His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company.合约中禁止他与公司外的人谈论工作。 •The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time.这次应征失败并不妨碍你下次再来应征。   外刊例句： Borrows's reputation as a dealmaker indicates Montague believes the time is ripe for further investment, although that doesn't preclude the possibility of a share buyback of up to £300m this year. （） 鲍威尔以精于股票交易闻名，这意味着蒙太古公司认为是时候进行更多投资了，当然这仍无法排除今年该公司可能赎买价值超过3000万榜的股票。   替换表达：exclude / rule out the possibility of something     2-偶尔的失误 the occasional misstep   词典释义：   misstep mis·step / ˈmɪs.stɛp ; ˈmɪs-step /noun C AmE 1. a mistake, especially one that is caused by not understanding a situation correctly〔尤指判断上的〕错误; 失策: •A misstep here could cost millions of dollars.这里的一个失误可能会造成数百万美元的损失。   外刊例句： Her two central characters are Mr Putin himself, whose cloyingly insincere public utterances and occasional mistakes she describes with savage glee; and Ramzan Kadyrov, whom she describes repeatedly—and bravely—as a “lunatic”. （） 她书中有两大角色，其一是普京，他惯于在公众面前装腔作势地撒谎且偶有出丑，而她把此描述为体现了原始的欢乐；至于另一位角色拉姆塞·卡慕斯基，她反复称其勇敢得“像个疯子”。   替换表达：make mistakes occasionally   学生错误表达：Incidental missteps 点评：用词不当，incidental含义是“次要的；附带的”，例如：The points you make are true, but they're incidental to the main problem.你的看法都正确，但它们对主要问题而言只是枝节性的。     3-宏伟的 lofty   词典释义： lofty ●○○○○ 1.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词 崇高的；高尚的 A lofty ideal or ambition is noble, important, and admirable. •It was a bank that started out with grand ideas and lofty ideals...这是一家创办伊始抱有雄心壮志的银行。  •Amid the chaos, he had lofty aims.尽管身处混乱之中，他却怀有崇高的目标。   外刊例句： This lofty ambition has drawn laughter and scorn online. （） 这宏大志向在网上遭到了嘲笑和鄙夷。   替换表达：great/high   学生错误表达：Magnificent ambitions 点评：magnificent一般指景色、文学作品、表演或者建筑这些实物很宏伟美丽，它通常不能用来修饰ambition这类抽象事物。     2. 缺乏雄心或行动必然会使我们的生活陷入平庸。而把它们两者结合起来才是我们走上成功道路的秘诀。 A lack of either ambition or action will inevitably lead us to a life of mediocrity（1.平庸）. In combination, however, they represent the winning formula （2.成功的秘诀）that will put us on the road to success.     1-平庸 mediocrity   词典释义： mediocrity UK [ˌmi:.di'ɒk.rə.ti] US [-'ɑ:.krə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable  ■the quality of being not very good; a person who is not very good at something 平庸；平庸之材  •A goal just before half-time rescued the match from mediocrity.在半场快要结束时的一个进球使这场比赛没有流于平庸。 •These people are just mediocrities (= people who do not have much skill or ability at anything).这些人只是平庸之辈。   外刊例句： From top to bottom, American soccer is wrapped in a culture of cotton wool where no one is challenged, mediocrity is rewarded, and there are rarely consequences for failure. （） 整个体系上下，美国足球一直处于“娇生惯养”的文化中，没有谁需要面对挑战，保持中庸就能有利可图，甚至连失败都没什么后果可言。   替换表达：ordinariness   学生错误表达：Commonness 点评：commonness是指“（某事）经常发生；缺乏品味”，不能用commonness来指“平庸”。     2-成功的秘诀 winning formula   词典释义： formula 2.N-SING 单数名词 方案;方法 A formula for a particular situation, usually a good one, is a course of action or a combination of actions that is certain or likely to result in that situation. •After he was officially pronounced the world's oldest man, he offered this simple formula for a long and happy life...在他被正式宣布为世界上最年长的人后，他给出了这样一个简单的快乐长寿的秘诀。  •Clever exploitation of the latest technology would be a sure formula for success...对最新技术的灵活利用必将带来成功。  •This socialism does not after all offer a magic formula for prosperity and human dignity.这种社会主义说到底并不能提供实现富足和人格尊严的神奇方案。   外刊例句： After earning multiple awards and huge audiences, “Xi Yangyang” (“Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf”) is being forced to change its winning formula, which has included copious amounts of callous cartoon violence. （） 喜洋洋系列动画在赢得各大奖项与大量观众后，现在正被迫改变其成功方案，因为这方案里面有着大量冷漠无情的暴力内容。   替换表达：the secret of success/a winning combination/the key to success     3. 逆境是一种能使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧的手段。虽然并不是每个人都可以在不幸中生存下来，但那些能生存下来的人通常发生了积极而深刻的变化。 Adversity is a means of strengthening the mind and soul（1.使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧）. Although not everyone can survive misfortune, those who do are often transformed in profound and positive ways（2.发生了积极而深刻的变化）.     1-使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧 strengthening the mind and soul 这里soul之前是不需要加定冠词the的，其实无论是a还是the都有这种用法，即在两个或多个并列名词中，省略重复性质的a/the，尤其是当这些名词相关性很强时。例如I asked her to pass me the pencil, eraser, and pencil sharpener.   词典释义： strengthen ['streŋ.θən] verb intransitive or transitive   IMPROVER   ■to make something stronger or more effective, or to become stronger or more effective 增强，加强；巩固  •They have been strengthening their border defences in preparation for war.他们一直在为备战而强化边防。 •His battle against cancer has strengthened his belief in God.他跟癌症的斗争坚定了他对上帝的信仰。 •The accident strengthens the case for better safety measures at fairgrounds.这宗事故充分显示露天游乐场的安全防护需要加强。 •The bank loan has greatly strengthened our financial position.银行的贷款大大加强了我们的财力。 •The organization's aim is to strengthen the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.这个机构的宗旨是加强英德两国的文化联系。 •The rise in US interest rates caused the dollar to strengthen (= increase in value) against all the Asian currencies.美国加息导致美元对所有亚洲货币升值。   外刊例句： Hundreds of thousands read Ishmael Beah's wonderful A Long Way Gone (Fourth Estate), which brought us into the mind and soul of a child soldier in Sierra Leone. （） 成千上万人读了伊斯梅尔精彩绝伦的小说《长路漫漫》，本书带领读者身临其境地感受一位塞拉利昂童兵的遭遇。   学生错误表达： （1） make brains and souls become more strength 点评：strength是名词，没有become more strength的用法，这里可以改为make brains and souls stronger （2） render our mind and soul stronger 点评：render something adj.一般是表达负面含义，例如render something obsolete/impossible/unfit etc. 在这里用render our mind and soul stronger不妥。      2-发生了积极而深刻的变化 transformed in profound and positive ways 词典释义： transform UK [træns'fɔ:m] US [-'fɔ:rm] verb transitive   IMPROVER   ■to change completely the appearance or character of something or someone, especially so that they are improved 使彻底改观；使大变样  •The reorganization will transform the British entertainment industry.这次重组将使英国的娱乐业大为改观。 •[R] Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star.每当摄像机对准她的时候，玛丽莲会立刻将自己变成一个耀眼的明星。   外刊例句： In an instant, his life was transformed in a way that no individual had previously experienced.（） 转眼间，其生活就改变了，变得独一无二，与众不同。   替换表达：undergo positive and profound changes     4. 逆境能增强人们的适应力。在渡过悲惨的境遇，比如离婚、失业或者贫穷之后，人们能够获得情感和智力上的素质能力，这种素质能力对于解决他们未来可能会遇到的困难至关重要。 Adversity can make people more resilient（1.适应力强）. By surviving tragic circumstances, such as divorce, unemployment or poverty, people can gain the emotional and intellectual resources（2.情感和智力上的素质能力） necessary to confront any future struggles they may face.       1-适应力强 resilient resilient/resilience指的是遇到困难、遭遇困境、失败之后能重新鼓起勇气和信心。   词典释义： resilient [rɪ'zɪl.i.ənt] adjective  ■able to quickly return to a previous good condition 有弹性的；能复原的；有复原力的；适应性强的  •This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.这种橡胶球很有弹性，可以立即恢复原来的形状。 •She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.她是个适应力很强的女孩儿——她不会长时间沉浸于悲伤之中的。   外刊例句： City leaders around the world are looking to make their cities more resilient: able to cope with emergencies and provide a safe, sustainable place for citizens. （） 世界各地的城市领导者正想方设法让其城市变得适应力更强：能解决各类紧急事故、给市民提供安全可靠的居住环境。   学生错误表达：Suitability 点评：suitability是指“合适，适宜”，例如：his suitability as a father他作为父亲的称职情况，suitability不能理解为“适应力”。     2-情感和智力上的素质能力 emotional and intellectual resources 表示应对困境的个人素质（勇气、决心等各种能力的综合）时，多用复数resources；表示处理问题的实际的智谋、手段时，用resource，不可数。   词典释义：   resource UK [rɪ'zɔ:s/ UK ['ri:.sɔ:s] US ['ri:.sɔ:rs] noun   ESSENTIAL  countable usually plural  ■a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization or person 资源；财力；素质  •The country's greatest resource is the dedication of its workers.这个国家最大的资源就是劳动者的奉献精神。 •Britain's mineral resources include oil, coal and gas deposits.英国的矿产资源包括石油、煤炭和天然气。 uncountable formal for * resourcefulness   UK [rɪ'zɔ:s/ UK ['ri:.sɔ:s] US ['ri:.sɔ:rs] noun  have inner resources  ■to have the ability to help yourself manage or achieve something 拥有内在素质；具有内在力量；具有精神力量  •He can't cope with difficult situations on his own - he has no inner resources.他不能独力应付困难局面——他心理素质很差。   外刊例句： We want to make sure the reviewers are able to gain enough confidence to make the right decision, but also have the mental and emotional resources to stay healthy. (the guardian) 我们想要保证那些评论家能够获得足够的自信去做出正确的决策，而且还有情感和精神上的素质能力去保持健康。     By surviving tragic circumstances, such as divorce, unemployment or poverty, people can gain the emotional and intellectual resources necessary to confront any future struggles they may face.     [分析]本句的主干是people can gain the emotional and intellectual resources…，这是一个主谓宾结构，主语是people，谓语是can gain，宾语是the emotional and intellectual resources…，这里，resources之后为一个形容词短语necessary to confront any future struggles they may face作定语，修饰resources。在这个形容词短语中，不定式结构to confront any future struggles they may face作目的状语，其中they may face为定语从句，修饰struggles。句首，By surviving tragic circumstances, such as divorce, unemployment or poverty为方式状语，其中such as divorce, unemployment or poverty为tragic circumstances的同位语。