第43篇译文老师笔记.docx

1.因为禁食和使用减肥药物会带来低卡路里摄入量，因此他们容易导致疲劳过度以及耐力不足。对于学生来说，这会对他们的学术表现带来不利影响。 Since skipping meals and taking diet pills are associated with a low caloric intake（1.低卡路里摄入量）, they are likely to result in increased fatigue （2.疲劳过度）and lowered stamina（3.耐力不足）. For students, this can be detrimental to their academic performance.       1- a low caloric intake   词典释义： caloric 1.ADJ 形容词   热量的 Caloric means relating to calories.   【搭配模式】：ADJ n •...a daily caloric intake of from 400 to 1200 calories.日摄取400至1200卡路里的热量   intake ['ɪn.teɪk] noun    AMOUNT 数量    uncountable    ■the amount of a   particular substance which is eaten or drunk during a particular time 摄入量 •It says on the packet that four slices of this bread   contains one half of your recommended daily intake of   fibre.包装上写着四片这种面包就包含了建议的每天纤维摄取量的一半。   外刊例句：   By recent government order, municipal rations   will be expanded further because of rising incidence of children fainting at   school due to low calorie intake.（） 政府近日下令进一步增加城市粮食配给，因为越来越多儿童犹如能量摄入不足而晕倒。   替换表达：a low calorie/energy intake    2- increased fatigue  词典释义： increased adjective : subjected to augmentation : made or become greater < increased   time for study > < the increased   wealth of the nation >   fatigue ●●○○○ 1.N-UNCOUNT   不可数名词 疲惫;疲劳;疲倦 Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. •She continued to have severe stomach cramps, aches, fatigue, and depression...她仍然患有严重的胃痉挛，感觉疼痛、疲乏、抑郁。   •Clarke says his team could have lasted another 15 days   before fatigue would have begun to take a toll.克拉克说，他的团队本来还可以再坚持 15 天，只是疲劳可能会造成严重后果，只好作罢。     外刊例句： But the worst of it has faded, thanks to war fatigue and a remarkably effective   intervention by UN peacekeepers. （） 然而，由于战争双方都感到疲倦，而且联合国调停极其有效，其最糟糕的局面已经告一段落了。   替换表达：excessive fatigue     3- lowered stamina   词典释义： stamina ['stæm.ɪ.nə] noun uncountable    ■the physical and/or mental strength to do something which   might be difficult and which will take a long time 耐力；耐性；持久力 •The triathlon is a great test of stamina.三项全能运动是对耐力的极大考验。   外刊例句： Yet few animals have an elephant's stamina or can travel as far in a   day—provided its way is not blocked. （） 但几乎没有什么动物能像大象那么好耐力，或者说像它们一样一整天都在奔跑迁移（只要没有东西阻住它们）。   替换表达：lack of endurance / staying power     Q：Intake作名词时不可数，为什么前面要加a? A：intake可以作为单数名词，因此前面可以加a，例如朗文词典例句：a high intake of carbohydrates碳水化合物的大量摄入   2. 经常选择禁食，而不是与他们的同学在学生食堂吃饭的大学生可能会被视为不合群，而且他们可能会变得与同龄人格格不入。 College students who frequently skip meals, rather than dining with their classmates in the cafeteria（1.学生食堂）, may be viewed as antisocial （2.不合群）and become alienated from （3.与……格格不入）their peers.     1- cafeteria   词典释义： cafeteria UK [ˌkæf.ə'tɪə.ri.ə] US [-'tɪr.i-] noun countable    ■a restaurant (often in a factory, a college or an office   building) where people collect food and drink from a serving area and take it   to a table themselves after paying for it （常指工厂、大学或办公大楼内的）自助餐厅，自助食堂   外刊例句： On Friday, the couple were among about 500   Facebook cafeteria workers who   elected to join a union, Unite Here Local 19. （） 在周五，这对夫妇将与约500多名Facebook的饭堂工作人员一同入选为“Unite Here Local 19”工会的一员。   替换表达：canteen / dining hall     2- antisocial   词典释义： anti-social   UK [ˌæn.ti'səʊ.ʃəl] US [-tˌi'soʊ-] adjective     ADVANCED     ■harmful to society 反社会的；对社会有害的；危害公共利益的   •anti-social   behaviour反社会举动 •Increasingly, smoking is regarded as an anti-social   habit.越来越多的人把吸烟视为危害公共利益的恶习。  ADVANCED     ■often avoiding spending time with other people 不爱交际的；厌恶社交的；不合群的 •I hope they won't think I'm anti-social if I don't   join them in the bar.我希望他们不要因为我不跟他们一起去酒吧，就认为我不合群。   外刊例句： There has been a heated debate on Twitter   about such arguably antisocial   networks, using a new hashtag, #JerkTech. （） 对于像这种反社会网络，推特上存在着激烈讨论，（人们）可以使用符号#JerkTech参与讨论。   替换表达：unsociable   学生错误表达： （1）dissociable 点评：dissociable是指“可分离的；可分开的”，例如：Language and cognition are not dissociable. 语言和认知是不可分的。Dissociable用在语境中不合适。 （2）unsocial 点评：unsocial常见于词组work unsocial hours，含义是“在非正常时间上班（夜班或早班）”，unsocial用在这里不合适。     3- alienated from   词典释义： alienate ['eɪ.li.ə.neɪt] verb transitive    LOSE SUPPORT 失去支持    ■to cause someone or a group of people to stop supporting   and agreeing with you 离间；使背离；使不友好 •All these changes to the newspaper have alienated   its traditional readers.报纸改头换面疏远了老读者。 ['eɪ.li.ə.neɪt] verb transitive    NOT WELCOME 不受欢迎    ■to make someone feel that they are different and do not   belong to a group 使格格不入；使疏远 •Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families.家庭争吵会使青少年跟家人产生感情裂痕。   外刊例句： Nottingham is home to two excellent   universities, so why are pupils in some parts of the city alienated from higher education? （） 诺丁汉有着两所优秀大学，但为何该城市内某些地区的孩子却与高等教育渐行渐远呢？   替换表达：become a social misfit   学生错误表达：become   incompatible with 点评：incompatible是指因个人性格、品质等原因而与其他人格格不入，例如：I don't know why they ever got married. They're totally   incompatible.我不知道他们为什么结婚，他们根本合不来。而在语境中是指减肥的学生因为不去参加社交活动而与同学疏远，用incompatible不太合适。   3. 一些学生可能会整天惦念着他们每天的减肥效果，这会转移他们在学术工作上的注意力，让他们对学习愈发冷淡。 Some students may develop an obsession with （1.整天惦记着……）their day-to-day weight loss results, diverting the focus of their attention away from （2.转移他们在……上的注意力）their academic work and making them increasingly apathetic （3.冷淡的，无兴趣的）towards their studies.      1- develop an obsession with   词典释义： obsession [əb'seʃ.ən] noun countable or uncountable     ADVANCED     ■something or someone that you think about all the time 困扰；无法摆脱的念头；念念不忘的事（或人） •an unhealthy obsession with death总是想到死的不健康念头 •her chocolate obsession她对巧克力的痴迷 •He's always wanted to find his natural mother but recently   it's become an obsession.他一直想找到自己的生母，但最近这成了他的一块心病。   外刊例句： Increasing numbers of young people are being   admitted to hospital because of eating disorders, figures show, with the   blame in part being put on the rise of social media that has helped develop an obsession with image. （） 数据显示，越来越多年轻人因为饮食不规律而住院，而矛头则指向了社交网络，责备它令孩子整天沉迷于（社交网络上的）图片之中。   学生错误表达：Think about 点评：think about没有表达出“整天惦记”那一层含义，可以改为develop an obsession with     2- divert the focus of their attention away   from   词典释义： TAKE   ATTENTION AWAY 转移注意力    ■to take someone's   attention away from something 分散，转移（注意力）   •The war has diverted attention (away)   from the country's economic problems.战争转移了人们对国家经济问题的关注。   外刊例句： As for Russia, association with some of the   most dynamic economies in the world may perhaps divert some attention away from its own decline.（） 对于俄罗斯而言，与某些世界上最活跃的经济体为伍或许能分散人们对其经济下滑的关注。   替换表达：distract them from…     3- apathetic   词典释义： apathetic UK [ˌæp.ə'θet.ɪk] US [-'θetˌ-] adjective    ■showing no interest or energy; unwilling to take action,   especially over something important 无兴趣的；懈怠的；（尤指对重要事情）不关心的，无动于衷的   •Young people today are so apathetic about   politics.现在的年轻人太不关心政治。 •Don't be so apathetic - how are you going to get a   job if you don't even write a letter? 别那么吊儿郎当的，连求职信都不写，你怎么能找到工作？   外刊例句： Even where a primary is closed to Republican   voters, the apathetic far   outstripped the enthusiastic. （） 即便党内初选与共和党员息息相关，对此无动于衷的人仍远比感兴趣的人多。   替换表达：uninterested / indifferent     Q：请问老师indifferent和apathetic的区别？ A：indifferent和apathetic两者是近义词，但indifferent除了“不关心，不在乎”这一层含义外，还有一个意思是“一般的，平庸的”，例如：We didn't like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and   the service rather slow. 我们不怎么喜欢这家餐馆——饭菜一般，上菜也相当慢。   4. 禁食会导致体重增加，而不是减少；身体不摄取食物会导致新陈代谢减缓，进而减弱了身体燃烧脂肪的能力。此外，白天一整天的禁食会导致深夜无可抑制的饥饿感，扰乱人们的睡眠。 Skipping meals can contribute to weight gain rather than loss; depriving the body of food causes the metabolism （1.新陈代谢）to slow down, thus reducing one's ability to burn off fat（2.燃烧脂肪）. Moreover, skipping meals throughout the day can lead to uncontrollable hunger pangs（3.饥饿感） late at night, disrupting people's sleep.   1- metabolism   词典释义： metabolism   [mə'tæb.əl.ɪ.zəm] noun countable specialized    ■all the chemical processes in your body, especially those   that cause food to be used for energy and growth 新陈代谢 •Exercise is supposed to speed up your metabolism.人们认为运动可加速新陈代谢。   外刊例句： Around   25-30% of the calories derived from protein are used up in its metabolism,（） 大约25%-30%来自于蛋白质的卡路里用于新陈代谢。     2- burn off fat   词典释义： burn off 1.PHRASAL   VERB 短语动词 消耗；耗费 If someone burns off energy,   they use it.   【语法信息】：V P n (not pron)   【语法信息】：Also V n P •This will improve your performance and help you burn off calories.这将会改善你的表现，并帮你消耗卡路里。 2.PHRASAL   VERB 短语动词 烧掉；烧除 To burn off something   unwanted means to get rid of it by burning it.   【语法信息】：V P n (not pron)   【语法信息】：Also V n P •The bushfire actually helped to burn off a lot of dead undergrowth.林区大火实际上有助于清除很多枯死的矮灌木。   外刊例句： For years we've been told the only way to burn off fat is endless hours of   aerobic exercise. But now researchers say the secret lies in 'resistance   training'.（） 我们一直以来都听闻，减肥的唯一途径就是无休止的有氧运动。然而，研究者现在发现，减肥的诀窍在于“抗阻力训练”。   替换表达：burn/lose fat     3- hunger pangs   词典释义： pang ●○○○○ 1.N-COUNT   可数名词 一阵剧痛；突然而强烈的情感 A pang is a sudden   strong feeling or emotion, for example of sadness or pain. •For a moment she felt a pang of   guilt about the way she was treating him.有一阵子，她为自己那样对他感到内疚。   •...hunger pangs.阵阵饥饿感   外刊例句： It turned out that the milkshakes were being   “hired” by commuters facing a long drive to work and mid-morning hunger pangs: slowly slurping   milkshakes with their free hand relieved the monotony. （） 原来，“雇佣”奶昔的顾客大多得长途驾驶上班，在上午10点来时就会感到受饥饿感来袭，这时他们就得腾出手来慢慢喝着奶昔，以求缓和饥饿感。   替换表达：an attack of hunger / a sense of hunger     Q：pang词典解释表示剧痛，饥饿感用pang是固定搭配么？ A：hunger pangs是一个固定说法，可以参加下面剑桥词典的解释：   pang [pæŋ] noun countable      ■a sudden sharp feeling, especially of painful   emotion 一阵剧痛；（尤指）悲痛 •a pang of jealousy一阵嫉妒 •We hadn't eaten since yesterday and the hunger pangs   were getting harder to ignore.我们从昨天起一直没有吃东西，饥饿引起的阵阵胃痛越来越难以忍受了。     Moreover, skipping meals throughout the day   can lead to uncontrollable hunger pangs late at night, disrupting people's   sleep.   【分析】本句的主干是skipping meals throughout the day can lead to uncontrollable   hunger pangs late at night，这是一个主谓宾结构，主语是skipping   meals throughout the day，谓语是can lead to，宾语是uncontrollable hunger pangs，最后late at   night,是时间状语。句首Moreover是副词作状语，表示递进。句尾disrupting people's sleep是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一天不吃饭引发的结果。