Unit 1《Friendship》Learning about Language.ppt

Unit 1 FriendshipLearning about Language,Grammar,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech（）,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是直接引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。,由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化,时态变化人称变化状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句),本单元主要讲述人称和时态的变化。,人称的变化:,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，人称要相应变化。具体的规则是：1.把直接引语中的第一人称（如：I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)改为与主句的主语相一致的人称。2.把直接引语中的第二人称（如：you,your,yours)改为和主句的主语的间接宾语相一致的人称。3.直接引语中的第三人称（如：he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs)改为间接引语时，人称不变。,1.He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.(I 变成he,it 不变）2.He said,“you told me this thing.”He said that I had told him that thing.(you变成I,me变成him,this变成that),时态的变化:,从句动词时态不变She often says that where there is a will,there is a way.,一般现在时“I know it,”he said.,一般过去时He said that he knew it.,现在进行时“Im reading a novel,”she said.,过去进行时She said she was reading a novel.,现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.,过去完成时He said he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时He said,“I have been doing my homework.”,过去完成进行时He said he had been doing his homework.,一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.,过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.,过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时“Do you know Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Rick asked.,过去完成时Rick asked if I knew Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时He said，“We shall go shopping tomorrow.”,过去将来时He said they would go shopping the next day.,直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化:,一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成时,一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成时,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的习惯He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3.历史事件The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时He said,“The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,