Friendship-Grammar and language points学案(1).doc

Friendship-Grammar and language points学案 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ) 1.He said,“I’m going to see a film this afternoon.” →2.He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon. 3.Jack said to me,“I have waited for you for a long time.” →4.Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time. 5.The teacher said to us,“We will have an English party next week.” →6.The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week. 当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语，如上面的1、3、5中都 用了直接引语。 当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，如上面的2、4、 6中都用了间接引语。由以上例句可以体会出，直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时 态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词都会发生变化，现总结如下： 1.直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 【提醒】 下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。 (1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时 态，间接引语的时态都不变。 The teacher told the students,“The earth goes around the sun.” →The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. (2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。 The girl said,“I was born in Hong Kong in 1990.” →The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990. (3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。 The old gentleman often says,“Time is life.” →The old gentleman often says that time is life. 2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表 直接引语 间接引语 This 这 that 那 these 这些 those 那些 now 现在 then 那时，当时 today 今天 that day 那天 yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天 tomorrow 明天 the next (following)day第二天 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上 last week 上周 the week before 前一周 next week 下周 the next week 第二周 two weeks ago两周前 two weeks before 两周前 the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前 the day after tomorrow后天 two days later 两天后 here 这里 there那里 come 来 go去 bring 带来 take拿走 3.人称代词的变化 (1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。 (2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。 (3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。 4.疑问句直接引语变间接引语 (1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用if或whether引导，引述动词用 asked， 没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him 等。 He asked me,“Are you good at English？” →He asked me if/whether I was good at English. (2)反意疑问句变间接引语时，只能用whether来引导。 (3)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。 The teacher asked the boy,“Why are you late again？” →The teacher asked the boy why he was late again. I asked her,“When did you come here？” →I asked her when she had been there. 5.直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意几种特殊情况： (1)陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时，如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅 能省略第一个 that，其余的均不可省略。 He said,“I want to visit the Great Wall，and my father will go with me then.” →He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then. (2)直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时常变为ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.句型。如果是以 let’s开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggest doing 或 suggest＋that 从句。 “Do it again.”the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us to do it again. (3)直接引语中有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的 时态，从句的时态不变。 (4)如果在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必变为go；如果在当天转述，则today， yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变化。 (5)有的疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意义。引述这类疑问句时， 通常用“ask/advise/want＋宾语＋不定式”的结构，表示建议时，通常用“suggest＋动 名词”等结构。 Mr.Green asked,“Shall we go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games？” →Mr.Green suggested going to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games. Ⅰ.句型转换 1.He said to me,“I broke your CD player yesterday.” He told me that he had broken my CD player the day before. 2.He said to me,“What can I do for you？” He asked me what he could do for me. 3.He said,“I haven’t seen these children by now.” He said that he hadn’t seen those children by then. 4.He asked me,“Can I go to see her tomorrow？” He asked me if he could go to see her the next day. Ⅱ.把下列直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语 1.“We’ve lived there for two years，”he told me. He told me that they had lived there for two years. 2.“I was here a few weeks ago，”she said. She said she had been there a few weeks before. 3.“I went to university in the 1960s，”Wang Hua told his students. Wang Hua told his students that she/he went to university in the 1960s. 4.The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadn’t gone to school the day before. “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday？”the teacher asked Wang Ying. Language Points 1.I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. 目前我和我的同学有矛盾。 Do you have any trouble with your new job? 你的新工作有麻烦吗？ I don’t want to have any trouble with my family. 我不想和我的家人之间有任何麻烦。 have trouble with sth.意为在某方面有困难/麻烦，其中trouble为不可数名词，也可换为 difficulty。 have trouble with...某人/某事使人伤脑筋、苦恼；跟(某人)闹别扭 have difficulty with sth.＝have trouble with sth.在……方面有困难/麻烦 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在……方面有问题/困难 have problems/a problem with sth.在……方面有问题 He had no difficulty (in) working out the problem. 他没有费事就做出了那道题。 (1)She’s had a lot of trouble with her husband (跟丈夫闹意见). (2)I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends (在交友方面有麻烦). 2. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我班的一个男生相处得很好。 The girl is difficult to get along with.这个女孩很难相处。 I can get along well with my classmates.我能和同学们融洽相处。 —How are you getting along with your studies? ——你的功课学得怎样？ —Very well. ——很好。 get along with意为与……相处；某事进展得……，其中along也可换为on，其后可用 well，nicely，badly等修饰语，表示同某人相处得好(不好)，某事进展得(不)顺利。 (1)一切进展顺利吗？ Is everything getting along/on well? (2)你的新书写得怎么样了？ How are you getting on with your new book? (3)我们班里的学生相处得都很融洽。 The students in our class get along/on very well with each other. 3. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.他们说我和这个男生在谈恋爱。 They fell in love with each other three years ago. 三年前他们相爱了。 fall in love with sb.意为与……相爱，其表瞬间的动作，即该动作非延续性，在肯定句 中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 be in love with sb.爱上某人，表状态，动作可延续 The girl has been in love with Tom for three years. 这女孩与Tom相爱三年了。 I know he in love with her，but I don’t know they in love for eight years. 　A.falls；fall B.is；are C.falls；have been D.is；have fallen 答案　C 4. ...to join in discussion and...……加入到讨论中来并…… He was too proud to join in our games. 他很高傲不和我们玩。 Can you join us in singing? 你愿意和我们一块唱歌吗？ join in意为参加，加入，join sb.in doing sth.意为和某人一起做某事。 join，join in，take part in，attend (1)join 指加入某一组织或团体，成为其中一员。 His brother joined the army a year ago. 他哥哥一年前参军了。 (2)join in 表示“参加(某项活动)”，多指参加正在进行的活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话 等。join in 还可用在join sb.in sth.结构中，表示“加入某人一起干某事”。 He wants to join us in playing football. 他想和我们一起踢足球。 (3)take part in 只指参加活动，尤指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加 该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。 (4)attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空 (1)Would you join us in the game? (2)I hope you will join in all our club activities. (3)All the students took part in the sports meeting last week. (4)Our children attend the same school. (5)He joined the tennis club. 6