Cultural relics-词汇讲解学案.doc

Cultural relics-词汇讲解学案 1.rare 稀少的，罕见的；珍贵的；三分熟 辨析： 易混词 辨析 例句 rare 通常指罕见而有价值的事物。 He replaced the rare vase with/ by a false one. scare 主要指有用的一般事物，但目前数量不够。 Water is scare in the desert. uncommon/unusual 指因不经常发生而值得注意的事物。 It’s no longer uncommon/unusual for a girl to take part in the games now. 2.valuable adj.有很大价值的，贵重的，有用的；n.贵重物品 This is a valued gift though it is hardly valuable.主观上valued的东西，客观上不一定valuable。 3.survive (1)vi.继续生存或存在 e.g. Many strange customs have survived from earlier times. (2)vt.经历某遭遇后幸存；幸免于；从（困境等中）挺过来 He told me only a few soldiers had survived the war.在战争中幸存下来。（survive） (3)vt.比……长寿；比……活得长 e.g. The man survived his sister by three years. 4.in search of… 寻找……，在句中常作目的状语或表语。 search sth./sp./sb.搜查某物、某处、某人 search for/after寻找，探究 search…for…寻找…… search int调查，研究 search out搜查出，探出 search through把……仔细搜寻一遍 search的宾语是搜寻的范围，search for的宾语是搜寻的对象。 5.amazing 辨析： 易混词 辨析 例句 amaze “惊愕”；含有惊叹；佩服之意。 Fare’s perfect voice amazed me. surprise “惊讶”“出乎意料”；是“吃惊”的普通用词。语气较弱。 It surprised me that you sang this song so well. astonish “使十分惊讶”“试大吃一惊”(=surprise sb. very much)，语气较强，含难以置信之意。 She astonished us by saying she was leaving. shock 使“震惊”；多用来指重大的事情使人为之一震，有大为惊讶之意（=surprise sb. greatly），语气最强。 I was shocked by what had happened. 6.select select sb./sth. as…选某人、某物作为…… select sb./sth. from…从……中选出某人、某物 selective 选择性的，有选择的 selected精选的（newly-selected） 辨析： 易混词 辨析 例句 select “精选”；是指从同类事物中的许多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选最合适的。 I selected some exercises. choose “选择”。是“选择”的最普通的用词。 You can choose one from these chalks. pick “挑选”；挑剔和苛刻地选择，多指选有形的东西。 Will you help me pick some strawberries? 7.desgin v. & n. be designed to do…目的是做…… be designed for sb./sth.打算给某人用、打算作某物用 介词for常用于表示用途、对象等，后接名、代或V－ing be designed as sth.打算当作某物 design doing/to do…打算做…… make designs for…为……设计 by design故意地=by intention/on purpose have designs on…企图占有……；对……不怀好心 8.fancy adj. vt. & n. (1)奇特的，花样的，花哨的 e.g. a fancy meal (2)想象，揣测，假想 fancy + that clause以为…… fancy (one’s) doing sth.想象（某人）做某事 fancy sb. (to be)/as…认为某人（是）…… (3)n.爱好，喜爱，迷恋 have a fancy that…感到，揣测…… have a fancy for…喜欢…… take a fancy to…变得喜欢 take/catch one’s fancy引起某人的喜欢 (4)Fancy your talking like that! fancy常用于表惊叹的句子，意为“没想到，竟然” 9.decorate v. (1)装饰，装潢 decorate sth. with.（主动） 用…装饰… be decorated with sth.被用某物装饰 with表示所使用的工具或方式 eg:They docorate the Christmas tree with lights. We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. Write your names with a pen,not with a pencil. (2)粉刷；油漆；糊墙纸 (3)点缀；装点 (4)授给（某人）勋章或奖章 decorate sb. for sth. 10.belong (1)应在（某处） e.g. Where do these cigarettes belong? (2)适应；合得来 e.g. He doesn’t feel as if he belongs here. belong to (1)属于某人，归某人所有 e.g. Who does this golden ring belong to? (2)（事件、比赛等中某人）获胜，最受欢迎 e.g. The film “the Message” belonged to the award ceremony. (3)是俱乐部；组织等的成员 (4)属于 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future____ to the well-educated. A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged belong to既无被动形式，也不能用于进行时。to为介词，可跟名词或代词作宾语。 可用于V-ing形式作后置定语 Eg:I don’t know any members belonging to that club. Diao Yu Island,belonging to China,is off the north coast of Taiwan. 11. in return 作为回报，回过来，单独作状语 Eg:I wish I could do something for you in return. I gave him a present.In return,he gave me nothing. He wanted nothing in return. in return for…作为对某事的回报，作为对……的报答；为答谢……；作为……的交换 eg:I bougt him a drink in return for his help. 12.consider (1)仔细考虑，细想 consider + n./doing/wh- + to do/that-clause (2)认为；以为；觉得 e.g. He considers it a great honor to give a speech during the meeting. consider + that-clause/(to be/as) + n./adj./宾语+宾补 (3)体谅，考虑到，顾及 You should consider other people before you act.应当考虑到别人（consider） (4)端详；注视 e.g. He stood there, considering the girl. 13. at war介词 + 名词（表状态） at peace at breakfast at table at rest at the piano on show on sale on fire in trouble in danger under discussion under construction 14.remove vt. (1)移走；移开；移动；搬开（+from/to） e.g. I removed the box to another desk. (2)除掉，清楚 e.g. I removed the mud from my shoes. (3)脱下（衣服等） e.g. I removed my glasses. (4)把……免职；撤去（+from） e.g. He was removed from the post. 15.less than 辨析： 短语 符号 意义 less than ＜ 少于 not less than=at (the) least ≥ 不少于，至少 no less than ＝ 和……一样，不少于（强调多） more than ＞ 多于；不仅仅 not more than=at (the) most ≤ 不多于，不超过，至多 no more than ＝ 仅仅（强调少） 16. wooden adj. (1)木制的，木头的 (2)木头似的；死板的；呆板的；木纳的 e.g. The act playing the father was too wooden. -en后缀 (1)由……制成（构成的）；像……一样的（用在名词后构成形容词） golden, woolen, earthen (2)使；使成为；变得（用于形容词之后构成动词） blacken, sadden, broaden, widen 17. doubt have (no) doubt(s) about sth.对某事（不）确信 have no doubt(s) that…相信…… have doubt(s) whether…怀疑（是否）…… There is no doubt about sth.对某事有把握 There is no doubt that…无疑……，that引导同位语从句。 in doubt不肯定的；不确定的 without doubt无疑地；确实地 make no doubt(of…)（对……）毫不怀疑 throw(cast) doubt on(upon)…使（某人）对……产生怀疑 doubt whether…怀疑…… doubt sth./sb.怀疑某事、某人 18.worth (1)adj.值得的；相当于……的价值的 e.g. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. He gave out a suggestion which was not worth considering.不值得考虑的。（worth, consider） a. worth后可接“钱数”或一些名词、动名词，接动名词时可用主动形式表被动意义。 b. worth不可用very修饰，可以用well。 (2)n.价值；作用；重要性 辨析： 易混词 辨析 例句 worth 指从精神、文化方面产生的价值。 The true worth of Shakespeare’s plays can’t be measured by their commercial value to the theater. value 指认为某事、某物是否有用或有重要的价值。 易混词 辨析 worth be worth + n./doing worthy 后常接of being done或to be done或sth. worthwhile 常用结构为：It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ____ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 19. trial be on trial by trial and error stand trial trial run for sth.（对新事物的）初步试验，试行 20. debate n. & v. 辩论，讨论，争论 under debate a heat/wide-ranging/lively debate debate sth. with sb. debate后不接从句，可接疑问词加不定式结构。 5