12.20英语抽查(12.13-12.20)解析.docx

英语抽查(12.13-12.20)解析 1. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 通过研读和思考法律来提高判断力是一名新闻记者为其事业应该做的一项知识储备。 2. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界对于历史作为一门知识性学科的有效性的挑战。 3. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在过去这种低效率使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。 4. For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。 5. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 这也需要欧洲国家之间达成协议，为电视节目制作创建一家欧洲银行，借鉴欧洲投资银行的模式，处理与制作成本相关的财政问题。 6. During the late 1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds --including government,higher education,non-profit and corporate--varied from around 4% to 25%;in most European nations,it is about 15%. 在20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文科学上的支出占所有研究和发展资金（包括政府、高等教育，非营利组织和企业）的4%-25%；在大多数欧洲国家这一比例大约是15%。 7. In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as Love Life recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 在南非，一个叫作“热爱生命”的预防艾滋病倡议正招募年轻人，要求他们在同龄人中倡导安全性行为。 8. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar. 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦诚自己的梦想，唯恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。 9. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics,Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. 虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械学习，而不重视创造性和自我表现。 10. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs. 这可能是因为我们正在发展成为两种社会科学团体：一种以学科为导向，著作发表在高度专业化的报刊上；而另一种团队以问题为导向，著作发表在其他地方，比如政策简报上。 11. People are more creative when they perceive their organizations as collaboration,open to new ideas and willing to reward work. 当感到组织有合作精神、能接纳新想法、愿意嘉奖工作时人们的创造力更大。 12. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. 但是如果机器人要进一步实现劳动力节省，他们必须能够在更大程度上减少人的监控，并且至少能够独立地做一下决定，这些是真正提出挑战的目标。