2019新东方唐叔刷题班讲义.pdf

2019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义2019新东方唐叔刷题班讲义主讲人：唐迟公众号搜索:唐迟老师后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义12019 唐叔刷题班讲义2004Text 4Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect.Our heroes are athletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,not scholars.Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not topursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arentdifficult to find.Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,says educationwriter Diane Ravitch.Schools could be a counterbalance.Razitchs latest book,Left Back:A Century of FailedSchool Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but acounterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable toexploitation and control.Without the ability to think critically,to defend their ideas and understand the ideas ofothers,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris,We willbecome a second-rate country.We will have a less civil society.Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter inAnti-Intellectualism in American life,a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in USpolitics,religion,and education.From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populisturges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.Practicality,common sense,and native intelligencehave been consideredmore noble qualities than anything you could learn fromabook.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learningput unnatural restraints on children:We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years andcome out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplifiedAmerican anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so he canpreserve his innate goodness.Intellect,according to Hofstadter,is different from native intelligence,a quality we reluctantly admire.Intellectis the critical,creative,and contemplative side of the mind.Intelligence seeks to grasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,while intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted.Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in thegrips of people who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify withchildrenwho show the least intellectual promise.56.What do Americanparents expect their children to acquire in school?A The habit of thinking independently.B Profound knowledge of the world.C Practical abilities for future career.D The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57.We can learn fromthe text that Americans have a history of _.A undervaluing intellectB favoring intellectualismC supporting school reformD suppressing native intelligence58.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _.Aidentical后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义2B similarC complementaryD opposite59.Emerson,according to the text,is probably _.A a pioneer of education reformB an opponent of intellectualismC ascholar in favor of intellectD an advocate of regular schooling60.What does the author think of intellect?A It is second to intelligence.B It evolves fromcommon sense.C It is to be pursued.D It underlies power2005Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been givena bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developedsense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,whichhas just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They aregood-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food tardily.Above all,like their female humancounterparts,they tend to pay muchcloser attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnans and Dr.de waals study.The researchersspent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough toexchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoiningchambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour becamemarkedlydifferent.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers)So when one monkeywas handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece ofcucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossedher own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the merepresence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in afemale capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,theyare aco-operative,group-living species,Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is notbeing cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone,Refusing a lesserreward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such asense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestorthat the species had 3 5 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic byA.posing a contrast.B.justifying an assumption.后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义3C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,paragraph l)implies thatA.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resentingunfairness is also monkeys nature.C.monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researchers instructions.C.nice in both appearance and temperament.D.more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D.are unhappy when separated fromothers.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Monkeys can be trained todevelop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.2005Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insistedthat we didnt know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobbywas out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought thatnonsense,and over three decades,some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threatof global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,totell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clearmessage is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panels report“Science never has all the answers.But science does provideus with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policieson the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming isincomplete,that its Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would takeout an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But its obvious that a majority of the presidentsadvisers still dont take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for moreresearch-a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanicresearch but research alone is inadequate.If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative,Congress should后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义4help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,whichwould offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting readyto build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it iscrucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve asA.aprotector.B.a judge.C.a critic.D.aguide.28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,paragraph 4)A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.prudent planning hinders.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warmingA.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becauseA.they both suffered fromthe governments negligence.B.a lesson fromthe latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned frombad to worse.2005Text 3Of all the components of a good nights sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a windowopens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated hisrevolutionary theory that dreams werethe disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears,by the late 1970s.neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repairwork that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better,“Itsyour dream”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center.“If you dont like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake,says Dr,Eric Nofzinger at the University ofPittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved,the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义5active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up fromdreams happy of depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr,WilliamDement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic.Most people seemto have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that theyare working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with dailylife we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious controlover recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how youwould like it to end instead,the next time is occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With muchpractice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us fromsleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings ofinsecurity have increased peoples anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from atherapist.For the rest of us;the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it andyoull feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA.can be modified in their courses.B.are susceptible to emotional changes.C.reflect our innermost desires and fears.D.are arandom outcome of neural repairs.32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to showA.its function in our dreams.B.the mechanism of REM sleep.C.the relation of dreams to emotions.D.its difference fromthe prefrontal cortex.33.The negative feelings generatedduring the day tend toA.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.persist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.34.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA.waking up in timeis essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control.C.dreams should be left to their natural progression.D.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?A.lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.2005Text 4后续密训押题课程获取，联系向日葵考研QQ 319261610后续完整视频课程获取，联系微信x r k k y 062019 新东方唐叔刷题班讲义6American n