2019
全国
统一
高考
英语
试卷
新课
解析
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)
英 语
参考答案:
1.B
【解析】
【详解】W: Excuse me, sir, visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest.
M: Oh, I’m sorry, doctor. I didn’t hear the bell, or I would’ve left earlier.
2.A
【解析】
【详解】M: Hello, my name is Jack. I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes?
W: We’ll need you to join the gym, and then you can find out which classes fit your schedule the best.
3.B
【解析】
【详解】W: I’ll see you at the theatre.
M: Better still, let’s meet in the Red Lion bar to have a little nice talk.
W: Good idea, and I’d love to have a drink there.
4.C
【解析】
【详解】M: Hello, my name is John Arber. And I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday’s DailyMail.
W: Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us.
5.A
【解析】
【详解】M: I have an extra ticket to the concert tonight. Would you like to join me?
W: Thanks, but I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested.
第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
6. C 7. B
【解析】
W: Did you know James went out of business?
M: Really? When was that?
W: Last month.
M: That’s too bad! He had owned that business for 15 years What happened?
W: I don’t know. But life must be pretty tough for his family now. His sons are still so young. One is 13 and the other is 10.
M: Well, maybe things are not as bad as they seem to be.
W: I hope so.
8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】
W: Guess what? My mother’s decided to go back to school.
M: Why?
W: Well, she always loved art, but learned business admistration at college, because her parents thought it was difficult for an artist to find a job.
M: So she wants to study art now?
W: Yeah, oil paining. It’s been her dream for a long time.
M: It’s nice to return to learn what she loves. But, Kate, I still think old age should be about peace and relaxation. Hurrying to school every day and having to pass exams sounds a bit too much for her.
W: You know, she retired last year and I’m leaving for the university soon. She needs to find something interesting to do.
M: Well, maybe, if it’s what she wants.
11. B 12. A 13. C
【解析】
M: Dear listeners, for today’s show, I have with me, my colleague, Mary Lenny. She has been a radio and TV reporter for many years. Mary, welcome to our show!
W: It’s a pleasure to be here.
M: Would you please tell our listeners who most influenced your decision to become a reporter?
W: Both my parents had a great influence upon my choice of work, instead of trying to pick out a job for me, they helped me learn those things that led me to it.
M: How did they do that?
W: My father always told me that an education was one of the greatest advantages I could have, one that would always stay with me. He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and encouraged me to read all I could. As a result, I’ve always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read magazines and learned to really enjoy books, all of which have been a valuable help to me in radio and television reporting.
M: What about your mother?
W: Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.
14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C
【解析】
M: We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems too hard to leave the sofa.
W: I can see that. You seldom do exercise.
M: Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours’ exercise a week doesn’t really help our motivation much.
W: Don’t be discouraged. Now a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn’t have to be that demanding. Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.
M: Mmm…, interesting!
W: The study showed that people who put in 300 minutes a week of exercise had a 20% lower risk of death due to heart disease. Still, the people who exercise 115 minutes a week did pretty well, too, lowering their death risk by 14%.
M: And what about the people who exercise half as much as that, like what I probably do? Does that help?
W: Of course, even 15 minutes would help.
18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】
Here is a piece of news for bird lovers. Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white. They help to discourage the sea birds from wandering onto the highway. The area is home to large crowds of birds that come to stay for the season. Young birds are often attracted to the warm roads’ surface and get killed by the traffic. Biology student, Hannah tells the broadcaster. The youngster’s feathers are brown in color. The dark-colored road surface makes the youngster hard to be noticed. As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads. Biologist Christen says the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D
【解析】
本文为应用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作,本文介绍了其中一些项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.可知,Summer Company为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励,以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”,这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”,二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.可知,符合条件的学生是16岁或17岁的学生,但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出,这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知,Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。故选D。
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C
【解析】
本文属于记叙文。文章讲述了纽约一所小学二年级的老师树立信心,看到自己的优点,发起一项总统竞选演讲活动。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But he’s nervous.可知,Chris眼睛黑亮,似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子,但是他却很紧张,故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张,故选B。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well.可知,Chris发ld比较困难,这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难,总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知,ld发音困难,故推知是有些结巴,停顿不准确,故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知,这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲,还要让孩子学会夸耀自己,而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心学生来说很困难,故可知Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势,培养自信,故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.可知,当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候,想到了一个想法,这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心,故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。A. Humorous幽默的;B. Ambitious有雄心壮志的;C. Caring关心的;D. Demanding要求高的。故选C。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,而指纹扫描等这些防盗技术仍然很昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘,而且这项技术也不贵。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可知,研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities可知,用户打字的力度和按键之间的时间是不同的,这使得智能键盘能够识别人。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知,研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘,由此可推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志。故选D。
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.可知,在美好的小学时光里,作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话,由此推断出,作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。A. Unkind不友善的;B. Lonely寂寞的;C. Generous慷慨的;D. Cool冷静的。故选C。
33题详解】
主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.(临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。)是段落主题句,本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers做了解释,所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类,故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment (它清楚地表明,讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整)推断出,心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明,讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强,故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容,尤其是最后一段,可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响,讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后)”一致,故选A。
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。
【36题详解】
根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知,该空应该是一个一般疑问句,选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。E项“但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗?”承上启下,故选E。空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
【37题详解】
根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知,新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的,充满活力的氧气。再根据下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进,在户外,更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知,该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用,根据常识,我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部,然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益,故该空应选A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部”。
【38题详解】
根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知,该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词,故G项“在全国,康复中心已经开始建造‘康复花园’。”these places就是指Healing Gardens。
【39题详解】
前文介绍是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用:绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力,降低血压,使人情绪良好;空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用,仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处,空后的it也要指代这种情况。故选C项“身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。”
【40题详解】
根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知,该段介绍阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D项“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。”
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失,改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑,想一探究竟。当他来到这里,他发现当地环保措施很到位,同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. keep保持;B. mix混合;C. connect联系;D. bring带来。句意:他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知,登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物;C. crowds人群;D. reporters记者。句意:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
【43题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. position位置;B. age年龄;C. face外貌,表面;D. name名字。句意:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
【44题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的;B. skepetical怀疑的;C. serious严肃的;D. crazy疯狂的。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
【45题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. discover发现;B. argue争论;C. decide决定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
【46题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备;B. grass草;C. camps营地;D. stone石头。句意:我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知,本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
【47题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的;B. quiet安静的;C. tall高的;D. clean干净的。句意:我发现了一座干净的山,营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所,所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
【48题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. new新的;B. special特殊的;C. significant重大的;D. necessary必要的。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失,这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清,报偿;B. spreading out伸展;C. blowing up爆炸;D. fading away逐渐消退。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
【50题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围;B. experience经历;C. experiment实验;D. sight视力。句意:在我看来,来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
【51题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. studied学习;B. observed观察;C. explored探索;D. regarded认为。句意:山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为……。故D选项切题。
【52题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. view景色;B. quality质量;C. reason原因;D. purpose目的。句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统,所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家;B. climbers登山者;C. locals当地人;D. officials官员。句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to抓住;B. going back to回到(原来的话题);C. living up to达到,履行;D. giving way to向……让步。句意:热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. changes改变;B. clears放晴;C. improves提高;D. permits允许。句意:再往上走,天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知,海拔变了,天气也是不同的,是变化的。故A选项切题。
【56题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. match匹配;B. imagine想象;C. count数;D. add增加。句意:我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
【57题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. village村庄;B. desert沙漠,荒地;C. road马路;D. lake湖。句意:海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知,海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。
【58题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地;B. Easily容易地;C. Consequently结果;D. Finally最后地。句意:海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
【59题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的;B. little小的;C. fresh新鲜的;D. artificial人造的。句意:很明显,你爬进了一个类似北极的地带,那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
【60题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受;B. deserve值得;C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。句意:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了成群的游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它值得这样的名声吗?这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰,以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【解析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
【61题详解】
考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
【62题详解】
考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
【63题详解】
考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of连接,“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构;或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
【65题详解】
考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
【66题详解】
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处用名词形式,故填belief。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词作宾语,故填noting。
【68题详解】
考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
【69题详解】
考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
【70题详解】
考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,要用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时,故填are。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
【答案】interesting→interested
where→when
football前面加上a
but→and
hardly→hard
surprising→surprise
player→players
say→saying
now→then
去掉my
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历,喜欢上了踢足球,逐渐成长为一名优秀球员。
【详解】1. 考查形容词用法。句意:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”,常修饰物;interested意为“感兴趣的”,常修饰人。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。
2. 考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是one afternoon,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。
3. 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a。
4. 考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5. 考查副词。句意为:我挡住足球,并使劲地将它踢回操场。“hard(努力地;费力地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同,根据语境,此处要用hard。故将hardly改为hard。
6. 考查固定搭配。“to one’s