25小学英语语法;被动被动语态.ppt

.,the Passive Voice,（被动语态）,princess,Hi,Everyone!,We call the princess Laura.,The princess is called Laura.,Active voice,Passive voice,The lights were turned off by Tom.The windows are cleaned every week.Millies closed the door.The TV was turned on.The boy made a model plane.A total(总数)of 8 questions are answered.,or,Active,Passive,Passive,Passive,Active,Passive,Active,Passive,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语(vt.),宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,Read text-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。,My bike was stolen last night.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个包是她姐姐提走的。,2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,1.We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are made by them in that factory.3.People plant trees in Spring.Trees are planted by people in Spring.4.His mother usually washes dishes after dinner.Dishes are usually washed by his mother after dinner.5.More and more people speak Chinese in the world.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时:将来完成时：过去将来完成时：,am/is/are+done was/were+done shall/will+be done(is/are going to be done)should/would+be done am/is/are+being+done was/were+being+done have/has+been+done had+been+done shall/will+have been+done should/would+have been+done,三、常见时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the library without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the library without a teacher.,2.一般过去时：(1)My cousin bought a book yesterday.The book was bought by my cousin yesterday.(2)She designed the fashion clothes.The fashion clothes were designed by her.(3)They didnt speak English after class English wasnt spoken by them after class.,3.一般将来时：(1)Her parents will send her abroad.She will be sent abroad by her parents.(2)We are going to hold a sports meeting tomorrow.A sports meeting is going to be hold tomorrow.,4.现在进行时：(1)They are doing their homework on the computer now.Their homework is being done on the computer now.(2)We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted by us.,5.过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road at 7 yesterday.The road was being mended at 7 yesterday.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.,6.现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.,四、含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。结构：can/may/must/should+be+p.p(1)You must hand in your articles after class.Your articles must be handed in after class.(2)He can write many letters with the computer.Many letters can be written with the computer by him.,1.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.The children must be taken care of when we go out.2.You should do your work in an hour.Your work should be done in an hour.3.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting.The problem shall be discussed at tomorrows meeting.,1).不及物动词(或者词组)没有被动语态。,如：belong to,happen,take place,last,come true,die,arrive,等。,*Great changes have taken place in this city.,*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,五、不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit/own,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。,4)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。,【正】You must look after yourself【误】Yourself must be looked after,不用被动语态的几种情况：主动形式表被动意义,感官系动词没有被动语态,feel，look,seem,taste,sound,smell等,这鱼味道很好。,The fish tastes good.,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The scarf feels soft.,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,有些动词既是及物又是不及物动词，用作不及物动词时和well,badly,easily等副词连用，表示主语内在品质或性能。如：write,grow,print,sell,wash等,The house needs cleaning.房子需要打扫了。The house needs to be cleaned.,在need,want,等少数表示“需要”的动词,六、几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态构（S+V+O+OC）,（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,(2)see sb.do sb.be seen to do I often see him play football.He is often seen to play football.,（3）We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song(by us).,一感 feel(Vt.)二听 hear/listen to三让 let/make/have四看 see/watch/look at/notice 等变为被动语态市，必须加上to.,make sb dosee sb dohear sb dolet sb dowatch sb do,主动,被动,sb be made to dosb been seen to dosb be heard to dosb be let to dosb be watched to do,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,2.双宾语结构的被动语态（S V IO DO）,1.I was given a book by him.,He gave me a book.(变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,2.A book was given to me by him.,Mum made me a new dress.(改被动),I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1.I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2.A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,3.It is reported/据报道 believed/人们相信 hoped/人们希望 said that.据说,4.Who locked the door last Wednesday?,By whom was the door locked last Wednesday?,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3.We found the ticket on the floor.,5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,wasnt invited,are sold,be done,have taken,was,built,be taken,1.-Why didnt you go to Jims birthday party?-Oh.I_(not invite)2.-What do you want,sir?-Could you tell me if computers_(sell)in this shop.3.-A lot of things should_(do)to protect the environment.-I agree with you.4.Great changes_(take)place in my hometown since 1990.5.-When _the bridge_(build)?Do you know?-Two years ago.6.-Can I take the magazine out of the reading room?-Sorry Magazines of this kind cant_(take)out.,1.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_ now.A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed3.-_ the sports meet might be put off-Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,