语言学基础.pdf

Il.Filling the blanks with correct information(30 points)1 Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskysteach them.(】2.According to G Leech,meaning refers to logic,cognitive,or denotative content.9.A compound is the combination of only two words.3.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called10.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition,unlikestudies meaning in language,is about princlples of forming and understandingentallment,is not vulnerable to negation.That is to say,if a sentence is negated,the originalcorrect English sentences,andis concerned with the internal organization of words.Theypresupposition is still true.are all among the main branches of linguistics.5.There has been a maxim inwhich claims that You are what you say.IV.Define the following terms(30 points)represents what the utterance is about:is what is said about it.1.Displacement7.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized,that of an_is concrete2.Arbitrarinessand context-dependent.8Contrastive analysis is a way oflanguages in order to determineerrors for4Antonymythe ultimate purpose of isolating what needs to be learned and what does not need to be learned ins.Allomorphlanguage learning situation.6Government9.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data7.Immediate constituentof linguistics(utterances)asandThe former refers to the abstract linguistic8.Cooperative principlesystem shared by all the members of a speech community,and the latter is the concrete9.Adjacency pairsmanifestation of language either through speech or through writing.10.Blending10.There are two fields of morphology:the study ofand the study of11.The description of a language as it changes through time is alinguistic study.V.Answer the following questions(50 points)12.Theis the minimal distinctive unit in grammar,a unit which cannot be divided without1.lustrate the advantages and disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis(ICAnalysis)destroying or drastically altering the meaning.whether lexdcal or grammatical.2.The English sentences given below are ungrammatical.You are required to give the syntactic13.Symtactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally calledrules,whose operation mayexplanation to the ungrammaticality in each of the sentence.change the syntactic representation of a sentence.(1)*Jack put his ball14.Thetriangle holds that the meaning of a word is interpreted through the mediation of(2)*I wonder Michael walked the dog.concept.(3)Frank thinks himself is a superstar.Ill.Decide whether the following statements are true or false(10 points)3.How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?1.In the sentence Money is often said to be the root of all evir,rootis used in its conceptualMotorist:My car needs new exhaust system.meaning（）Mechank:rll be busy with this other car all day.2.When performing an illocutionary act of representative,the speaker is making a statement or giving a4.What is meant by the termoohesionin the study of texts?What iscohesion is different from thedescription which he himself believes to be true.term coherence?3.The topic-comment distinction depends on the point of view of the listener.5.What is Hallidays idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its4.A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the comversation are not truthful.structures?5.Imviting,suggesting,warning,ordering are instances of commissives.6.The studentin the sentence The student lboed the linguistic lecture.and The linguistic lecturein the sentence The linguistic lecture liked the student.belong to the same syntactic category7.if a child is deprived of linguistic erironment,he or she is unkely to learn a language successfully8.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that arenot part of the language,they can acquire any sounds in their nathve language once their parents第3页共4页第4页共4页