四级 16年12月四级（第二套）扫描版.pdf

2016年12月大学英语四级考试（第2套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation:one is to work in a state-owned business and the other ina joint venture.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explainthe reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)To satisfy the curiosity of tourists.C)To enable tourists to visit Goat Island.B)To replace two old stone bridges.D)To improve utility services in the state.2.A)Countless tree limbs.C)Lots of wrecked boats and ships.B)A few skeletons.D)Millions of coins on the bottom.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya.B)It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.C)It shut down two border crossings with Libya.D)It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.4.A)Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions.B)Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.C)Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.D)Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.2016-12四级试题（第2套）1Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)An environment-friendly battery.C)A plant-powered mobile phone charger.B)An energy-saving mobile phone.D)A device to help plants absorb sunlight.6.A)While sitting in their schools courtyard.C)While solving a mathematical problem.B)While playing games on their phones.D)While doing a chemical experiment.7.A)It increases the applications of mobile phones.B)It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.C)It improves the reception of mobile phones.D)It collects the energy released by plants.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant.B)He called the woman and left her a message.C)He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines.D)He asked a technician to fix the broken production line.9.A)It is the most modern production line.C)It has stopped working completely.B)It assembles super-intelligent robots.D)It is going to be upgraded soon.10.A)To seek her permission.C)To request her to return at once.B)To place an order for robots.D)To ask for Toms phone number.11.A)She is on duty.C)She is on sick leave.B)She is having her day off.D)She is abroad on business.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)He saved a baby boys life.C)He prevented a train crash.B)He wanted to be a superhero.D)He was a witness to an accident.13.A)He has a 9-month-old boy.C)He enjoys the interview.B)He is currently unemployed.D)He commutes by subway.14.A)A rock on the tracks.C)A strong wind.B)A misplaced pushchair.D)A speeding car.15.A)She stood motionless in shock.C)She called the police at once.B)She cried bitterly.D)She shouted for help.22016-12四级试题（第2套）Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you willhear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings.B)She loved the ice-cream business more than teaching primary school.C)She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughters education.D)She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl.17.A)To preserve a tradition.C)To help local education.B)To amuse her daughter.D)To make some extra money.18.A)To raise money for business expansion.B)To make her truck attractive to children.C)To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too.D)To teach kids the value of mutual support.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)The reasons for imposing taxes.C)The various burdens on ordinary citizens.B)The various services money can buy.D)The function of money in the modern world.20.A)Educating and training citizens.C)Protecting peoples life and property.B)Improving public transportation.D)Building hospitals and public libraries.21.A)By asking for donations.C)By selling government bonds.B)By selling public lands.D)By exploiting natural resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)It is located at the center of the European continent.B)It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues.C)It contains less than a square mile of land.D)It is surrounded by France on three sides.23.A)Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media.B)Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress.C)It is where many American movies are shot.D)It is a favorite place Americans like to visit.24.A)Tobacco.B)Potatoes.C)Machinery.D)Clothing.25.A)European history.C)Small countries in Europe.B)European geography.D)Tourist attractions in Europe.2016-12四级试题（第2套）3Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.The ocean is heating up.Thats the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earths oceans now26 heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago.Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 hastaken place since 1997,researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to27 to coral bleaching(珊瑚白化)and they take up morespace than cooler waters,raising sea 28.While the top of the ocean is well studied,itsdepths are more difficult to 29.The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperaturedata in order to get a better 30 of heat absorption from surface to seabed.They gatheredtogether temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century 31 of Britishnaval ships to modern automated ocean probes.The extensive data sources,32 withcomputer simulations(计算机模拟)，created a timeline of ocean temperature changes,including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel 33.About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides ata 34 of more than 700 meters,the researchers found.They say theyre 35 whether thedeep-sea warming canceled out warming at the seas surface.A)absorbB)combinedC)contributeD)depthE)emissionsF)excursionG)exploreH)floorI)heightsJ)indifferentK)levelsL)mixedM pictureN)unsureO)voyageSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraphmore than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Secret to Raising Smart KidsA)I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation-and how people persevere aftersetbacks-as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s.Animal42016-12四级试题（第2套）experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that afterrepeated failures,most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond theircontrol.After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effectchange-a state they called learned helplessness.B)People can learn to be helpless,too.Why do some students give up when they encounterdifficulty,whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn?Oneanswer,I soon discovered,lay in peoples beliefs about why they had failed.C)In particular,attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation morethan does the belief that lack of effort is to blame.When I told a group of school childrenwho displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math,theylearned to keep trying when the problems got tough.Another group of helpless childrenwho were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their abilityto solve hard math problems.These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can helpresolve helplessness and generate success.D)Later,I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners-helplessversus mastery-oriented.I realized these different types of students not only explain their failuresdifferently,but they also hold different theoriesof intelligence.The helpless ones believeintelligence is a fixed characteristic:you have only a certain amount,and thats that.I call thisa“fixed mind-set(思维模式).”Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attributeerrors to a lack of ability,which they feel powerless to change.They avoid challengesbecause challenges make mistakes more likely.The mastery-oriented children,on the otherhand,think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work.Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating(令人生畏)；theyoffer opportunities to learn.Students with such a growth mind-set were destined(forgreater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.E)We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school,when the work getsmore difficult and the grading more strict,to determine how their mind-sets might affecttheir math grades.At the beginning of seventh grade,we assessed the studentsmind-setsby asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as Your intelligence is somethingvery basic about you that you cant really change.We then assessed their beliefs aboutother aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.F)As predicted,the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more importantgoal than getting good grades.In addition,they held hard work in high regard.Theyunderstood that even geniuses have to work hard.Confronted by a setback such as adisappointing test grade,students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder ortry a different strategy.The students who held a fixed mind-set,however,were concerned2016-12四级试题（第2套）5about looking smart with less regard for learning.They had negative views of effort,believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.They thought that a personwith talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.Attributing a bad grade totheir own lack of ability,those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in thefuture,try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.G)Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance.At the start of junior high,the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparableto those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set.But as the work became more difficult,the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence.As a result,their mathgrades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester-and the gapbetween the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.H A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace anddiscourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice.Research shows that managers whohave a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees thanare managers with a growth mind-set.I)How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children?One way is by telling stories aboutachievements that result from hard work.For instance,talking about mathematical geniuseswho were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set,but descriptions ofgreat mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce agrowth mind-set.J)In addition,parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instructionregarding the mind as a learning machine.I designed an eight-session workshop for 91students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high.Forty-eight ofthe students received instruction in study skills only,whereas the others attended acombination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growthmind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork.In the growth mind-set classes,students readand discussed an article entitled You Can Grow Your Brain.They were taught that thebrain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain togrow new connections.From such instruction,many students began to see themselves asagents of their own brain development.Despite being unaware that there were two types ofinstruction,teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27%of the children in thegrowth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9%of students in the control group.K)Research is converging()on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even geniusis typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flowsnaturally from a gift.36.The authors experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to workhard is an indication of low ability.62016-12四级试题（第2套）