2022年12月六级真题（卷三）.pdf

CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题大学英语六级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST Band Six(2022.12.03)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“Todayincreasing importance is being attached to cultivating college students team spirit.”You can make statements,give reasons,or cite examples to develop your essay.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)说说明明：每每次次全全国国六六级级考考试试一一般般只只考考两两套套听听力力，第第三三套套为为重重复复题题目目，只只是是选选项项顺顺序序不不同同，故故不不再再重重复复。Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.The task of the global strategist is to build a platform of capabilities derived from the resources,experiencesand innovations of units operating in multiple locations,to transplant those capabilities wherever26,and thento systematically upgrade and renew them ahead of the competition.Apple is a outstanding case of a company whose unique capabilities give it a worldwide27advantage,V X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题particularly with respect to its ability to build platforms from a product base that integrates functional and28design.Apple has been able to leverage and exploit its California-based design and marketing advantagessuccessfully throughout the world.IKEA is another such case.The do-it-yourself furniture and housewarescompany first developed a compelling set of capabilities to design,manufacture and29furniture at low costand sell it in a novel way in Sweden.Later,IKEA successfully30this formula in many other countriesBy contrast,Telefnica,a Spanish telecommunications company that is now the worlds fifth largest telecomby31,first developed its special advantage abroad.In 1989 and 1990,Telefnica had the opportunity to enterChile and Argentina,countries that shared many institutional and cultural characteristics with its home country butthat were32more rapid market reform.Throughout the 1990s,Telefnica took what it learned in Chile andArgentina about reconstructing former state-owned telecoms to other Latin American countries that wereprivatizing their state telecoms and deregulating their telecom markets.These examples might lead the reader to believe that creating a global advantage is an easy task.But manyother33of expensive failed experiments suggest that creating a lasting global advantage actually requires agreat deal of34and operational finesse(技巧).Our research suggests that global winners typically create andsustain their international presence through a systematic process of35,renewing and enhancing their corecapabilities.A)aestheticB)appropriateC)clustersD)competitiveE)exploitingF)fiscalG)instancesH)rehabilitatedI)reproducedJ)revenuesK)safeguardingL)shipM)strategicN)transcendO)undergoingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Fear of Nature:An Emerging Threat to ConservationV X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题A)What do we lose when natural spaces and species disappear?Increasingly,research has shown that as speciesand ecosystems vanish,it also chips away at our ability to preserve what remains because we no longerunderstand what were losing.B)You probably see it all the time.The neighbor who puts pesticides on his lawn rather than deal with annoyingbees.The politician who votes against wildlife protection because shes never seen a wolf in the wild.Thecorporation that wants to bulldoze(用推土机推平)the habitat of a rare frog.C)At best this can be termed“the extinction of experience,”where our cultural and natural histories fade fromour memories and therefore our reality.At its worst it becomes something even more concerning:“biophobia,”the fear of living things and a complete aversion to nature.D)This isnt the fiction of living in a cold,empty dystopia(绝望的世界).Sadly,its becoming a way of life for toomany people especially children.A recent study in Japan paints a striking portrait of this problem.A surveyof more than 5,300 school children in the Tochigi Prefecture examined their perception of 14 local insectspecies and one spider.The results?A collective“ew!”Most of the students saw the species as things todislike or fear,or even as sources of danger.The less experience the students had with nature,the morenegative their feelings.E)The results were published earlier this year in the journal Biological Conservation.Lead researcher MasashiSoga with the University of Tokyo says the study stemmed from observations about todays nature-deficientchildren.“Humans inherently avoid dangerous organisms such as bees,but children these days avoid evenharmless insects such as butterflies and dragonflies(蜻蜓),”he says.“I have long wondered why so many oftodays children react like this.”F)Although the childrens reactions were somewhat expected,the new study did contain an unexpected finding:Many of the surveyed children revealed that their parents also expressed fear or disgust of the same animals.In fact these parental emotions were strong enough to overwhelm any positive experiences the children mighthave gained from direct experiences in nature.As Soga and his coauthors wrote in their paper,“Our resultssuggest that there is likely a feedback loop in which an increase in people who have negative attitudes towardsnature in one generation will lead to a further increase in people with similar attitudes in the next generation.”G)And thats possibly the greater threat posed by extinction of experience.Soga suggests the generational loss a condition previously dubbed environmental generational amnesia(遗忘)could chip away at our societalV X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题ability to preserve what were losing.“I believe that increased biophobia is a major,but invisible,threat toglobal biodiversity,”Soga says.“As the number of children who have biophobia increases,public interest andsupport for biodiversity conservation will gradually decline.Although many conservation biologists stillconsider that preventing the loss of wildlife habitat is the most important way to conserve biodiversity,I thinkpreventing increased biophobia is also important for conservation.”H)Whats to be done about this?The paper makes several recommendations,the most obvious of which is thatchildren should experience nature more often.The authors also suggest establishing policies to guide thesenatural experiences and increasing educational programs about the natural world.I)Helping parents to see species around them in a new light would make a difference,too.And,of course,maintaining support for preserving the wild spaces where these“scary”creatures live is the most importantthing of all.Thats a point reinforced by another recent study,which found that wild spaces located withinurban areas and the plants and animals that thrive in them are particularly important for human health andwell-being.J)Published in the journal Frontiers in Sustainable Cities,the study examined attitudes toward Discovery Park,the heavily forested 534-acre public park in Seattle,Washington.It found that the public had the mostappreciation for and gained the most value from the wildest parts of the park.“I have seen whales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirds and many other sea creatures in their natural habitat,”one survey participant wrote.“Coming here with people has allowed me to connect and talk with them about conversation that simply doesnot happen in everyday life,”wrote another.K)The participants reported that their most valuable experiences in the park included encountering wildlife,walking through open spaces,exploring the beach and finding beautiful views.“We saw that a large majorityof participants interactions,especially their most meaningful interactions,depended on Discovery Parksrelative wildness,”says lead author Elizabeth Lev,a masters student in the University of WashingtonsHuman Interaction with Nature Lab.This is only possible because the park is relatively wild.After all,youcant enjoy watching birds if there are no birds to follow;gaze at the sunset if its obscured by skyscrapers;orstop and smell the flowers if they dont have room to grow.L)And yet even this long-protected space could someday become less hospitable to nature.Over the past fewyears a lot of people and organizations have suggested developing parts of Discovery Park or the neighboringarea.Most recently a plan proposed building 34 acres of much-needed affordable housing and parking spacesV X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题adjacent to the park,bringing with them noise,traffic and pollution.M)If anything like that happened,both the park and the people of Seattle could lose something vital.And thatwould continue the trend of chipping away at Seattles and the worlds natural spaces,leaving just tinypocket parks and green-but-empty spaces that offer little real value to wildlife,plants or people.N)“It is true that any interaction with nature is better than none,but I dont want people to be satisfied with anysmall bit of grass and trees,”Lev says.“We have been in this cycle of environmental generational amnesia fora long time,where the baseline keeps shifting and we dont even realize what were losing until its gone.Ifwe can get people to understand how much meaning and value can come from having more experiences withmore wild forms of nature,then maybe we can stop this cycle and move toward conserving and restoring whatwe have left.”O)Building this understanding in an ever-more fearful and disconnected world may be the biggest challenge.Peter Kahn,the senior author of Levs paper and the director of the Human Interaction with Nature Lab,madeseveral suggestions for bridging this gap in this 2011 book,Technological Nature.They echo therecommendation about getting children into nature,but also include telling stories of how things used to be,imagining what things might be like in the future,and developing a common language about nature,“a way ofspeaking about wild and domestic interaction patterns,and the meaningful,deep and often joyful feelings thatthey generate.”P)No matter what techniques we use,this growing field of research illustrates that saving nature requiresencouraging people to experience it more often and more deeply.That calls for additional research Lev andher coauthors have published a toolkit that other municipalities can follow to study the value of their own wildspaces and clear communication of the results.If we can continue to show people the benefits of these wildspaces,”Lev says,“maybe people will begin to see more value in keeping these areas undeveloped for thesake of our mutual benefit.”36.Anew study found parents aversion to certain animals would pass on to their children.37.The disappearance of species and ecological systems erodes our ability to keep what is left.38.Astudy showed that the wildest areas of Discovery Park appealed most to the public.39.The fear of living organisms is becoming more worrisome.40.Preventing the increase in childrens fear of living creatures is also important for conserving biodiversity.41.Research shows that more and deeper experience people have with nature will help save it.V X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题42.Though humans naturally tend to avoid dangerous animals,todays children try to stay away from evenharmless ones.43.Development in and around Discovery Park could cause heavy losses to the park and the local residents.44.A large survey of school children found that their negative feelings grew as their experience with naturediminished.45.Elizabeth Lev believes increased contact with more wildlife helps conserve biodiversity.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy andgive assistance to those in need.One government proposition is to eliminate$10,000 of debt for economicallydistressed students.Some in US Congress have gone so far as to suggest forgiving up to$50,000 in debt perstudent borrower,but does forgiving student debt necessarily correlate to helping the economically disadvantaged?The answer is no.This policy is just giving money away to universities and the most affluent students inattendance.Federal Reserve data reveals that the highest-income 40 percent of households owe approximately 60percent of outstanding student debt,while the lowest 40 percent owe just under 20 percent.This could be due to acombination of factors:students from high-income households are more likely to go to expensive colleges,lesslikely to receive financial aid,and more likely to have high incomes post-graduation.Plus,the majority of studentdebt is held by graduate degree earners,who earn approximately 25 percent more than their undergraduatecounterparts.Clearly,giving free reign to banks to forgive student debt is a step in the wrong direction.Other proposals for broader,long-term student loan plans have some fundamental problems.One idea is tocancel student debt only for undergraduate degrees and for students making less than$125,000.This attempts to address the fact that Congress previously mentioned student loan forgiveness plan largelyhelps out the wealthy,but is an adverse incentive for universities to keep raising tuition and for students to chooseto major in low-earning degree programs.Colleges have no reason to make their programs more affordable if theyV X 公众号：大可不学CET-6 大学英语六级历年真题believe students will just take out more debt.And,students will feel more comfortable making the irresponsibledecision to go tens of thousands of dollars in debt to major in impractical or idealistic subjects if they know theirloans will be forgiven.This is especially concerning given the pandemic(大流行病)has rendered a college education practicallyworthless.Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year to live at home and be lectured on the Internet.Do we really want to tell colleges that they can get away with providing below-average service for an outrageouscost?In the case of any of these student debt plans,workin