2019考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

2019 年考研英语二真题及答案解析年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweight fluctuations.1,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurtmore than it2.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from beinggenerally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale.That was badto my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,butthinking only of4the number on the scale,I altered my training program.Thatconflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of thehard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to amonth to notice significant changes in weight7altering your training program.The most8changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to abimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is lessimportant for me to11my weight each week.Weighing every other weekallows me to observe and12any significant weight changes.That tells mewhether I need to13my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in14to get information about my nutritionas well.If my training intensity remains the same,but Im constantly15anddropping weight,this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】overall health,fitness and well-being.I am experiencing increased zeal for workingout since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in.Ive alsoexperienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19Imtraining according to those goals,instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,howyour clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides2.A.CaresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps3.A.SolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.A.LoweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording5.A.SetB.reviewC.reachD.modify6.A.DepictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition7.A.Regardless ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to8.A.RigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims10.A.ThoughB.againC.indeedD.instead11.A.TrackB.overlookC.concealD.report12.A.Approval ofB.hold ontoC.account forD.depend on13.A.ShareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare14.FeaturesB.rulesC.testsD.results15.A.AnxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored16.A.SecretB.beliefC.signD.principle17.A.NecessityB.decisionC.wishD.request18.A.SurprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing19.A.BecauseB.unlessC.untilD.if20.A.DominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】1.逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到 hurt伤害 ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选 C however。干扰项 A 因此，B 否则，D 除此之外。都不符合题意。2.词性题：空前提到伤害大，空格内需要填入与 hurt 的反义词，正确的是 D help有帮助。干扰项 A 关心，B 警告，C 减少。3.副词题：这句意思是我们会把关注点由原来的通常关注体重和健康转移到_关注体重秤上面来。此处需要与 generally 通常相反的词，正确的是 solely 仅仅。干扰项 B 偶尔，C 正式与句意不符。4.词性题：仅仅想着_体重秤上的数字，答案是 A lowering 降低，此处用了仅仅用来加强语气不能选其他，B 解释，C 接受，D 记录。5.词性题：我需要训练来_目标，与 goal 搭配,最适合的是 reach 达到，干扰项A set 设置，B 审查，D 修正6.词性题目：准确的_我的努力，已经发生的事，应该用 depiction 描述，不能用预测 predict，其他词义 distribution 分配 definition 定义 都不对7.逻辑题：_改变训练项目，需要三周到一个月时间来注意到体重的明显变化,此处构成因果关系，选 D due to 由于，其他 A 不顾，B 除了，C 和都不符合8.词性题：前一句讲过体重的变化是最不明显的需要耗费三周到一个月，所以此处讲的应该是最明显的变化，因此选 C 立即的。9.逻辑题：前后构成因果关系，因为这些原因，我改变每天秤体重的做法。正确答案 reasons10.逻辑题：前半句和后半句明显是一种对比关系，因此选 D instead 反而。11.词性题：空后是体重，A track 追踪，正确。B overlook 忽视，C conceal 掩盖，D report 报道，意思不符合。12.并列结构：and 前面 observe 观察，与它意思相近的是 C account for 解释说明，每隔一周称体重，让我观察到一些明显的体重变化并且为他寻找原因。其他项 A 批准赞成，B紧紧抓住,D 依赖 不符合题意13.词性题：那会告诉我如何_我的训练计划，正确答案是 adjust 调整，其他选项 A 分享，C 确认 D 准备复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】14.词性题：需要填入的是名词，我会从半月体重称量_得到信息。正确答案是D results 结果，其他项 A 特色，B规则,C 测试 不符合题意15.并列结构：and 后是体重下降，此处是并列关系，选择 B 饥饿。其他项 A 焦虑，C 疾病的,D 无聊的 不符合题意16.词性题：体重下降，那是一个_我需要增加卡路里摄入，C 信号，正确。其他项 A 秘密,B 信念 D 原则 不符合题意17.词性题：to 后面的结构是修饰这个空，即停止每天称体重的_ B 决定，正确。其他项 A 必要性,C 希望 D 请求 不符合题意18.词性题：of 后边结构修饰前面的 burden 负担，所以我们此处填入的形容词也必然是不好的 D 失望的，正确。其他项 A 惊讶的,C 限制的 C 消耗的 不符合题意19.A 逻辑题：前半句讲获得成功是结果，填入的应该是因为 because 正确。其他项 B 如果不,C 直到 D 如果 不符合题意20.D 词性题：此处要填入一个动词，rather than 两个句子构成对比关系，所以我们需要选出与 focus 意思相近的词，几个词组都可搭配 over，obsess 痴迷D 正确。其他项 A 统治,B 迷惑 C 成功不符合题意Section IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges alittle later,in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children arent born knowing how to say“Im sorry”;rather,they learn over timethat such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences.Thisis why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】good thing:A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries torebuild it is engaging in behavior thats not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It evokes Freudsideas and religious hang-ups.More important,guilt is deeply uncomfortableits theemotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Who would inflict itupon a child?Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival ora rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”Vaish says,adding thatthis revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binaryfeelings thatmay be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too muchhappiness(think mania)can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,canencourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,canhelp hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychologyprofessor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for anemotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy(and its close cousin empathy)may represent different pathways tocooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for thatshortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.Andvice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study,for example,Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children,ages4,8,and 12.Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations,theyrated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negativeemotions(like guilt and sadness)after moral transgressions.Then the kids werehanded stickers and chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with ananonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared toturn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,eventhough they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】deprivation.“Thats good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because of our empatheticproclivity,or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_.A.regulate a childs basic emotionsB.improve a childs intellectual abilityC.intensify a childs positive feelingsD.foster a childs moral development22.According to Paragraph 2,many people still guilt to be _.A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeD.inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat_.A.an emotion can play opposing rolesB.emotions are socially constructiveC.emotional stability can benefit healthD.emotions are context-independent24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_.A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word“transgressions”(line4 para5)is closest in meaning to_.A.wrongdoingsB.discussions复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】C.restrictionsD.Teachings21.答案【A】foster a childsmoral development解析：本题目为因果关系题，考察因果关系对应关系。根据题干关键词 guilt canbe a good thing 定位到第一段最后一句。因果关系题找到原因定位句，根据最后一句 this is why可得知应该是题点的上一句，即第一段倒数第二句“Childrenarent born knowing how to say“I am sorry”;rather,they learn over time that suchstatements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences.”，这句的意思是孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”，而是随着时间而学习到的，这种说法可以安慰一下他的父母朋友，以及他们自己的道德心（良心）。但是这句话实际是个例子，所以我们可以进一步往前看一句，就是第一段第一句的后半句主句，“guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social andmoral norms.内疚出现的稍晚一点，伴随着孩子对于社会和道德准则的理解的逐渐增多”这句就可以得出答案 A，foster a childs moral development 培养了孩子的道德发展是 a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms 这句的同义改写。干扰项 B 的 regulate a childs basic emotions 原文提及到基本情感，但并未提及regulate 管理，干扰项 C.improve a childs intellectual ability 和 D.intensity a childspositive feelings 都为提及。22.答案【D】burdensome解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的many people still consider guilt to be 定位到原文第二段的第一和第二句，原文的 in the popular imagination 与题干中的many people still consider 是同 义转化，紧 接着第二句继续说 it is deeplyuncomfortable-its emotional equivalent of wearing a jacketweighted with stones,意思是内疚感是让人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿着石头那么重的夹克在情感上的对等物，意思就是内疚感让人感到很沉重，有负担，而正确答案 D 的 burdensome 正是是原文内容的同义替换。A 是不可原谅的，B 是欺骗，C 是上瘾的，都不符合文意。复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】23.答案【B】an emotion can play opposing roles解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Vaish hold that rethinkingabout guilt 定位到第二段第四句。她补充道，在某种情况下可能有利的得情绪在另一种情况下是有害的，后面具体例子，嫉妒和愤怒可能演变成提醒我们注意重要的不平等。正确答案 B 的 emotion 是原文 feelings 的同义替换，can play opposingroles 是原文的 advantageous in one context may be harmful in another 的同义转化。干扰项 A 的 context-independent 独立于环境和原文提及不同的环境情绪的作用不同相反，属于正反混淆；选项 C 的 socially constructive 原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 D 的 emotional stability can benefit health 情绪稳定能够有益健康，并未提及，是常识性干扰24.答案【C】can result from either sympathy or guilt解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Malti and others haveshown that cooperation and sharing 定位到第四段第三句。马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能代表合作和分享的不同途径。正确答案 C 的 sympathy 和guilt 是文中的原词，result from 是原文 represent 的同义替换，干扰项 A 可能帮助纠正情绪缺陷，原文是 compensate for an emotional deficiency 弥补感情上的缺陷，并且原文主语只有内疚感并没有同情，属于偷换概念。属于正反混淆；选项B can bring about emotional satisfaction 可以带来情绪的满足感，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 D 的 may be the outcome of impulsive acts可能是冲动行为的结果，原文是内疚会抑制他们更坏的冲动，属于偷换概念。25.答案【A】wrongdoings解析：本题目为猜词题，考察上下文内容。根据题干信息定位到第五段第四句。his or her tendency to feel negative emotions(like guilt and sadness)after moraltransgressions.在道德什么之后感到负面情绪，肯定是道德负面的状态下才会有负面情绪，正确答案 A 的 wrongdoings 是错误，不道德行为。干扰项 B discussions讨论，和原文意思不符，道德讨论不成立，C 选项 restrictions 道德限制，不成立。复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】选项 D 的 teachings 教诲;学说;Text 2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trapbut it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable carbon sinks long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest,including by controlled burning.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles.The landscape is rendered less combustible.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,droughtand beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California,most of them in2016 alone,and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.Californias plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and60,000 by 2030 financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permitauctions.Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,anestimated half a million acres in all,so it will be important to prioritize areas atgreatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed fromthe forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber,burned as biofuel in vehicles复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】that would otherwise run on fossil fuels,or used in compost or animal feed.Newresearch on transportation biofuels is under way,and the state plans to encouragelumber production close to forest lands.In future the state proposes to take aninventory of its forests carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,including thoseowned by the U.S.Forest Service,but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to seethe vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Californias plan,which isexpected to be finalized by the governor early next year,should serve as a model.26.“One of the harder challenges”implies _A.global climate change may get out of controlB.forests may become a potential threatC.people may misunderstand global warmingD.extreme weather conditions may arise27.To maintain forests as valuable carbon sinks,we may need to _A.preserve diversity of speciesB.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC.accelerate the growth of young treesD.strike a balance among different plants28.Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _A.restore its forests quickly after wildfires.B.cultivate more drought resistant trees.C.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.reduce the density of some of its forests29.What is essential to Californias plan according to para.5?复试资料请关注微信公众号【考研宝】免费获取微信公众号【考研宝】A.To obtain enough financial supportB.To carry it out before 2020C.To handle the areas in the serious danger firstD.To perfect the emission-permit auctions30.the authors attitude toward Californias plan can be best described as _A.supportiveB.ambiguousC.tolerantD.cautious26.答案【B】forests may become a potential threat解析：本题目为推断题，考察推理判断能力。根据题干关键词 One of the harderchallenges 定位到第一段第一，二句。森林为我们提供了阴凉、宁静的环境，是应对气候变化斗争中更艰巨的挑战之一。即使我们人类指望森林吸收我们生产的大部分二氧化碳，我们也威胁着森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。正确答案 B 的 forestsmay become a potential threat 森林可能成为潜在的威胁，是原文 we arethreatening their ability to do so.我们也威胁着森林吸收二氧化碳的能力的同义替换，选项中的 threat 替换原文的 threatening。干扰项 A 的 global climate changemay get out of contro 全球气候变化可能失控原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项C 的 people may misunderstand global warming 人们可能误解全球变暖 原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项 D 的 ex