211翻译硕士英语(1).pdf

emptiness and debts.Movies were first made in Hollywood before World War I.The constant sunshine and mildclimate of southern California made it an ideal site for shooting motion pictures.Hollywoodsfame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s,the golden days of the black andwhite movies.In those days Hollywood was like a magnet,drawing ambitious young men andwomen from all over the world.Most of them had only their good looks to recommend themand had no acting experience-or ability-whatsoever.Occasionally they got jobs,if theywere lucky enough to be noticed.As for the star themselves,they were held on a tight control by the studio chiefs who couldmake or break all but the stars with really big appeal.The stars were persuadedto signseven-year contracts,during which time the studios built up their images.Under their contractsthe stars did not have the right to choose their roles.Their studios decide everything.No country in the world has developed so expertly the skill of advertising as theAmericans.They advertise everything,from ice cream to candidates for the Presidency.TheHollywood studios,by means of advertising,turned common people into superstars.Manystudio chiefs were rich,determining to get their own way at all costs.Stars were often typecast,that is,if he or she appealed to the public as a lover,then he orshe always played the part of a lover.A star popular as a cowboy or a bad guy got the samekind of role again and again.There was little arguing.Youre the perfect dumb blond,baby,and thats how youre going to stay,they would say.They even tried to interfere in their starsprivate lives:No,sugar!You just cant marry Mel Billigan.Hes too intellectual.Heddestroy your image.Only when they ceased to be stars did some of them discover that theywere also good actors.Hollywood is no longer the heart of the worlds motion picture industry.Most moviestoday are filmed on location,that is to say,in the cities,in the countryside,and in any part ofthe world that the script demands.The Hollywood studios are still standing,but most of themhave been leased to television networks.About 80%of all American TV entertainment comesfrom Hollywood.Yet Hollywood has not lost all its glamour.Movie stars still live there,or in neighboringBeverley Hills,and so do many of the California.There is also the attractive Hollywood Bowl,the huge outdoor amphitheater where every summer since 1922 Symphonies under the Starsis played by Americas best orchestras before packed audiences.Hollywood,above all,has the glamour of the past.It is a name which will always beassociated with motion picture-making,and for many years to come the old Hollywood movieswill be shown again and again in movie houses and on television screens all over the world.1.Many big movie stars spent their fortunes onA.luxurious housesB.name brands of yachts and carsC.diamondsD.any of the above2.Hollywood was made an ideal site for shooting motion pictures byA.some glamorous movie starsB.most of the famous motion picture corporationsC.the wonderful climate in that areaD.many successful black and white movies3.The studio chiefs have the right to.A.take hold of the movie starsB.dismiss the stars with really big appealC.build up their own imagesD.sign contracts with the stars if they wish to4.When stars are typecast,that means he or sheA.is out of fashionB.ceases to be a starC.is no longer hire by the studiosD.has to play the same kind of role frequently5.Today Hollywood is mostly used asA.the base of the worlds motion picture industryB.the center of American TV entertainmentC.the center for shooting American TV advertisementsD.one of the American tourism resortsPassage twoThe act of Googling oneself has become the digital ages premiere guilty pleasure-anactivity enjoyed by all and admitted by few.The phenomenon has even been the subject ofscholarly research.Last year,a study concluded that the practice of self-Googling can partly betraced to a rise in narcissism()in society,but that it is also an attempt by people toidentify and shape their personal online brand.The reason people search for themselves is that theyre curious about what other peoplesee when they search for their name.One problem is they dont have any control over thesearch results and they will never appear on the first page of the search results.If your name isBrian Jones and youre not the former Rolling Stones guitarist,you dont exist.To give people a bit more control over search results,Google introduced a feature thisweek called a Google profilewhich users can create,so that a little personal informationappears at the bottom of US name search pages.Once users create a Google profile,theirnames,occupation,locations and photos appear in a box on the first page of the search resultsfor their names.Besides,theres a link to a full Google profile page that in many waysresembles a Facebook page.The similarity to Facebook is no accident.By giving users a little control over the resultsthat appear on a search for their names,Google hopes to establish a social network base andtake on wildly popular sites like Facebook and MySpace.Facebook users who otherwisewouldnt be bothered to set up a separate profile page on Google might find the idea appealingif it gives them some control over the Google search results for their names.The more information you add to your profile,the higher your page is likely to be rankedon a Google search for your name and associated keywords,such as the name of yourhometown,your job title or where you work or go to school.And the more richly detailed yourGoogle profile is,the more Google knows about you.There is no advertisement attached toGoogle profiles,but in the future,the company could easily sell ads targeted to your personaldetails,much as theyve already done on Gmail.6.Why is the phenomenon of self-Googling popular among people?A.It has been the research subject of scholars.B.It is an activity full of guilty stress.C.People are becoming more and more lonelyD.People desire to identify their own online brand7.How can an ordinary persons information appear on the first page of the search results?A.One should key in ones own name and wait.B.One should be patient and curious about the search resultsC.One should have the same name as the famous one.D.One should be able to create a profile.8.What can we learn aboutGoogle profilefrom the third paragraph?A.It aims to make people get more search results.B.Users can add their personal information to it.C.The usersinformation of marriage can be found in it.D.It is a substitute for Facebook.9.What is the fundamental reason for Googles introducing Google profile?A.To make an accidental coincidence.B.To compete with other similar websites.C.To appeal to more users and get more profitsD.To set up more profile pages on Google.10.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.More information makes less appearance on a Google search.B.Google will keep userspersonal information safe.C.Users may receive advertisements from Google in the future.D.Gmail is a good mail service without any ads.Passage 3Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of lifecan be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Federick in the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he toldthe nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was morethan lack of language here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Federick.Nevertheless,some childrenare still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive tothe signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.Inadequateresponses from mother dull the language interaction between mother and child because thechild gets discouraged.If these sensitive periods are neglected and the ideal time for acquiringskills passes,they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to flyrapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be ofhigh IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;at twelve months hecan speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has avocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put intosentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity tospeak.What is special about mans brain,compared with that of the monkey is the complexsystem which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy bear with the soundpattern toy bear.And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order inlanguage from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine theparts of a language in new sentences.6