2005-2007研究生学位英语考试试题.pdf

B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36.The authors attitude towards genetic engineering can best be describedA optimisticB pessimisticC concerned D suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself.For most of history,it has not been consideredcontroversial.Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conductedexecutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law.However,in the mid-18hcentury,social critics in Europebegan to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust,including capitalpunishment.The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment.In1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments.Many consider thisinfluential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment.Other individuals who campaigned againstexecutions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot,British philosophers David Hume and AdamSmith,and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane,while supporters consider it a necessary form of revengefor terrible crimes.Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime.However,advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventingeffect.Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits ofgovernmental power.In contrast,those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as anissue of criminal justice policy.Because of these alternative viewpoint,there is a profound difference of opinion not only aboutwhat is the right answer on capital punishment,but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penaltybecomes a public issue.37.We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times.A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38.Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39.Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria_A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40.Critics of capital punishment insist that it.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsCis just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41.The advocates and opponents of the death penaltyA agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42.The authors attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized asA supportiveB critical C neutral D contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone,except for mothers and their babies,and males and females during mating season.Bears formtemporary groups only in exceptional circumstances,when food is plentiful in a small area.Recent evidence also suggests thatgiant pandas may form small social groups,perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources ofother bear species.Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network.A male and female may live in an area partlyshared in common-although they tolerate each other,each defends its range from other bears of the same sex.Male youngusually leave their mothers to live in other areas,but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that oftheir mother.The key to a bears survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size.Bears travel over hugeterritories in search of food,and they remember the details of the landscape they cover.They use their excellent memories toreturn to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons.Most bears are able to climb trees tochase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation.The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brownbears-their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens,including brown bears,American and Asiatic black bears,and female polar bears.Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protectedsurroundings of these dens.After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant,the bears go into this winterhome to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce.Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear iseasily aroused from sleep.In addition,a bears body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep.In contrast,a truehibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions.For instance,the body temperature of the Arctic groundsquirrel drops from 38C to as low as-3C.43.Most bears live alone becauseA they dont want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears cant tolerate each other.D they dont want other bears to share their food44.According to the passage,bears of the same sexA can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D cant live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage,we know thatA it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46.Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter becauseA their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they cant find enough food in the cold season.47.Winter sleep differs from hibernation in thatA animals in hibernation dont wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesnt change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48.The passage is mainly aboutA the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bears D the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door-he was about thirty,perhaps,with a handsome,smiling face-didnt seem to findmy lateness offensive,and led me into a large room.On one side of the room sat half a dozen women,all in white;they weremuch occupied with a beautiful baby,who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women.On the other side of the room satseven or eight men,young,dressed in dark suits,very much at ease,and very imposing.The sunlight came into the room withthe peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in ones early childhood-a sunlight encountered later only in ones dreams.I remember being astounded by the quietness,the ease,the peace,and the taste.I was introduced,they greeted me with agenuine cordiality and respect-and the respect increased my fright,for it meant that they expected something of me that Iknew in my heart,for their sakes,I could not give-and we sat down.Elijah Muhammad was not in the room.Conversationwas slow,but not as stiff as I had feared it would be.They kept it going,for I simply did not know which subjects I couldacceptably bring up.They knew more about me and read more of what I had written,than I had expected,and I wonderedwhat they made of it all,what they took my usefulness to be.The women were carrying on their own conversations,in lowtones;I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations.A few women kept coming in and out of theroom,apparently making preparations for dinner.We,the men,did not plunge deeply into any subject,for,clearly,we were allwaiting for the appearance of Elijah.Presently,the men,one by one,left the room and returned.Then I was asked if I wouldlike to wash,and I,too,walked down the hall to the bathroom.Shortly after I came back,we stood up,and Elijah entered.Idont know what I had expected to see.I had read some of his speeches,and had heard fragments of others on the radio and ontelevision,so I associated him with strength.But,no-the man who came into the room was small and slender,really verydelicately put together,with a thin face,large warm eyes,and a most winning smile.Something came into the room with him-his worshipersjoy at seeing him,his joy at seeing them.It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simplybecause it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word forimposing?A Enthusiastic B Hostile C Impressive DAnxious50.Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB Solemn C Chaotic D Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB Astonished C Embarrassed D Scared52.Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversation D He got more respect than he deserved.53.The man didnt get deeply involved in any subject because they_A had little knowledgeB didnt know one another well.C wanted to relax themselves D awaited the arrival of someone important54.What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determination D He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapores Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers,including wearable devices andvirtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place.Its director is a spiky-hairedAustralian,a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bonds tool man,O.It is funded by the Defense ScienceTechnology Agency,which controls half the 5 billion defense budget,and sponsors hundreds of research projects everyyear.The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order todetect travelers with high fever,helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds.Itdevised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new ChangiNaval Base,and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware,but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions inSoutheast Asia.For example,the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield,but as a sort of weapon.The Singapore garments,made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and coolerthan traditional fabrics,actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agencys work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations,says itsdirector R&D,William Lau Yue Khei.Conserving manpower is one of the agencys most critical assignments,becauseSingapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors,including Indonesia and Malaysia.Right now,thebiggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew.Making equipment lighter is aparticular agency specialty,because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one thirdhis body weight,and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos,or 20 percent less thanEuropeans,says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing.One such program:the Advanced Combat Man System,hasproduced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder,digital compass and a targeting camera.Topthat,Q.55.It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably.Aa mechanic in James Bonds garage.B a fictional australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56.Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?