第3套(3).pdf

第 1 页2018 年年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题月大学英语六级考试真题(第第 3 套）套）Part IWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance ofbuilding trust between business and consumers.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than200words.Part IIListeningComprehension(30minutes)（说明：（说明：由于由于 20182018 年年 6 6 月六级考试全国共考了月六级考试全国共考了 2 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 2 套内容完全一样，只是套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。）Part IIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the correspondingletter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots,weshould look forward to the day inadmiration.Mr.Musk is a guy who gets things done.The founder of two tech companies,Tesla Motors andSpaceX,is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets.This soundslike somuch hot air,but the near$13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practicalachievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence,fearing that robots will one day become so29 that theyll murder all of us.These fears are mostly 30:as with hysteria about genetic modification,we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed andcare.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot.It could,31,be like having ababysitter and a nurse rolled into one-or,if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr.Musksimagined machine,at least someone to chop the carrots,wash the car and mow the lawn.Once purchasedand trained,this would allow the 33 user to save money and time,freeing up 34 space in our busy lives toread a good book.That is why we welcome Mr.Musks latest 35,and wish him well.As long as robots add to the sum ofhuman happiness,reduce suffering,and create time to read world-class journalism,we should be their fans.Especially since journalism is one job robots will neverdo.A).amassedB).casualC).emotionalD).enablingE).eventuallyF).exaggeratedG).extravagantH).generouslyI).misleadingJ).preciousK).rewardL).smartM).sphereN).terrifiedO).venture第 2 页Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with aletter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswerSheet2.In the real world,nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA.As a high school junior,everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.Idiligentlyattended my SAT,ACT,and Advanced Placement test preparation courses.I juggled（尽力应付）cross-country and track schedules,newspaper staff,and my churchs youth group and drama team.I didntdrink,party,or even do much dating.The right college,I thought,was one with prestige,one with a name.It didnthave to be the Ivy League,but it needed to be“top school.”B.Looking back now,nine years later,I cant remember exactly what it was about these universities that madethem seem so much better.Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous,perhaps？Or an alumninetwork that I hoped would open doors down the line？Maybe.“I do think there are advantages toschools with more recognition,”notes Marybeth Gasman,a professor of higher education at theUniversity of Pennsylvania.“I dont necessarily think thats a reason to go to one.”C.In reflection,my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive,not to mention a bit snobby.I quickly passedover state schools and southern schools,believing their curriculum to be automatically inferior tonortheastern or western counterparts.Instead,I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obligedme with a visit to New York Universitys（NYU）campus.During the tour,tuition fees were discussed.（NYU is consistently ranked one of the countrys most expensive schools,with room and board coststotaling upwards of$64,000 a year.）Up until then,I hadnt truly realized just how expensive an educationcan be.Over the next few months,I realized not only could I not afford my dream school,I couldnt evenafford the ones where Id been accepted.City University of New York（CUNY）,Rutgers University,andIndiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama,where Iwould have to pay out-of-state fees.Further complicating my college search was a flourishing stackcareerI wanted to keep running but my times werent quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D.And so,at 11pm on the night of Georgia State Universitys（GSU）midnight deadline,I applied online.Rated No.466 overall on Forbes Lists Top Colleges,No.183 in Research Universities,and No.108 in theSouth,I cant say it was my top choice.Still,the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot,and I actuallyfound the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New YorkCity.E.While it may have been practical,it wasnt prestigious,But heres the thing：I loved my“lower-tier”（低层 次的）university.（I use the term“low-tier”cautiously,because GSU is a well-regarded researchinstitution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.）We are taught tobelieve that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and builda better future.But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race？After all,where else can you leave school with a decent degreebut without a lifetime ofdebt？FMy school didnt come pre-packaged like the more popular options,so we were left to take care of ourselves,figuringoutcitylifeandtryingtocompletedegreeprogramsthatnoonewaschampioningforustosucceedin.What Im sayingis,Ilovedmy universitybecauseit taughtusallto beresourceful andwecould makewhatwewantedoutofit.G.I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE（HelpingOutstanding Pupils Educationally）When I started college,the HOPE scholarship was funded by thestate of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher.Living costsand books I paid for with money earned during high school,supplemented by a small college fund mydeceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I wasborn.H.So what about all that name recognition？Sure,many of my colleagues and competitors have moreglamorous alma maters（母校）than I do.As a journalist,I have competed against NYU,Columbia,and Northeastern graduates for jobs.And yet,not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my第 3 页educational background.In fact,almost every interview Ive ever had was due to a connectiononethat Ive gained through pure determination,not a school brand.I.According to The Boston Globe,students who earned their bachelors in 2012 have an average monthlyloan payment of$312,which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004.Ultimately,thatsthe thing universities dont want to admit.Private universities are money-making institutions.If youcan afford to buy prestige,thats your choice.For the rest of us,however,our hearty lower-tiereduniversities are just fine,thank you.J.Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates；namely,strong alumninetworks,star faculty,and a rsum boost.But you neednt attend an Ivy League school to reap thoserewards.Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college,aswell as VICEs first female editor-in-chief,Ellis Jones.Successful people tend to be successful nomatter where they go to school.And lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong astheir big name counterparts.In fact,lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger,becausefellow alumni recognize that you didnt necessarily have an easy path to follow.They might be morewilling to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that,like them.,you are also fullof energy and perseverance.K.The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists,in which college graduates,who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied toslightly less selective schools.They found that students with more potential earned more as adults,andthe reverse held true as well,no matter where they went toschool.L.Likewise,star faculty is not always found where youd expect.Big name schools are not necessarily thebest places for professors；plus,many professors split teaching time between multiple collegesand/or universities.This means,for instance,a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive thesame quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in thesame class at NYU.M.Its possible that some hiring managersmay be drawn to candidates with a particular educationalrsum,but its no guarantee.According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic,collegereputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire,beatenout by top factors like internships,employment during college,college major,volunteer experience,and extracurriculars.N.Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they aredetermined to.I tend to think so.In any case,if I could do it again,Id still make the same choice.Today Im debt-free,resourcefuland I understand that even the shiniest packaging cant predictwhat youll find on the inside.36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumninetworks.37.The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books atcollege.38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose auniversity to attend.39.A recent study found that a graduates salary is determined by their potential,not the universitythey attended.40.The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lotbetter.41.None of the authors job interviewers cared which college she wentto.42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigiousuniversity.第 4 页43.In order to be admitted to a prestigious university,the author took part in various extracurricularactivities and attended test preparationcourses.44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but lessexpensive.45.Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavierdebt.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centrepassage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking，are we better off than we were ten years ago？Twenty years ago？In their thirst for evidence on this issue，commentators seized on the recent report by theCensus Bureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2%in 2015.Unfortunately，that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful，but flawed and incomplete，statistic.Among the more significant problems with the Censuss measure are that：1）itexcludes taxes，transfers，and compensation like employer-provided health insurance；and2）it is based on surveys rather than data.Even if precisely measured，income data excludeimportant determinants of economic well-being，such as the hours of work needed to earn thatincome.While thinking about the question，we came across a recently published article by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow，which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect，it is considerably more comprehensive than average income，taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in workingtime，life expectancy，and inequality.Moreover，it can be used to assess economicperformance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example.Suppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S.and France in2005.In 2005，as the authors observe，real consumption per person in France was only 60%as high as the U.S.，makiIn 2005，as the authors observe，real consumption per person inFrance was only 60%as high as the U.S.，making it appear that Americans were economicallymuch better off than the French on average.However，that comparison omits other relevantfactors：leisure time，life expectancy，and economic inequality.The French take longervacations and retire earlier，so typically work fewer hours；they enjoy a higher lifeexpectancy，presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care，diet，lifestyle，and the like；and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed therethan in the U.S.Because of these differences，comparing Frances consumption with theU.S.s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S.and other countries.For example，thiscalculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97%of U.S.levels，but estimatesMexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economys performance over time.Accordingto this measure，as of the early-to-mid-2000s，the U.S.had the highest economic welfare of anylarge country.Since 2007，economic welfare in the U.S.has continued to improve.However，the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically，the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional.Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporatedfor example，decreases in total emissions of pollutants anddeclines in crime rates.第 5 页46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau？A）It is based on questionable statistics.B）It reflects the economic changes.C）It evidences the improved welfare.D）It provides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method？A）It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B）It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peoples livelihood.C）It focuses on peoples consumption rather that their average income.D）It is a more comprehensive measure of peoples economic well-being.48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S.in terms ofreal