2014-2015年武汉大学考博英语真题.pdf

武汉大学2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题(满分值100分)科目名称：英语科目代码：1101注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。Part IReading Comprehension(2X20=40)Directions:In this part for the test,there will be 5 passages for you to read.Each passage isfollowed by 4 questions or unfinished statements.Each question or unfinishedstatement is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D.You are to decide onthe best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSince professors stand at the center of the students encounter with college learning,students ought to ask what marks a good professor,what indicates a bad one.The one whosets high standards and persists in demanding that students try to meet them provides the rightexperiences.The professor who gives praise cheaply or who pretends to a relationship thatdoes not and cannot exist teaches the wrong lessons.True,the demanding and the criticalteacher does not trade in the currency students possess,which is their power to praise or rejectteachers.The demanding professor knows that students will stumble.But the ones who pickthemselves up and try again have learned a lesson that will save them for a lifetime.I do not mean to suggest that for each one of us there is one perfect teacher who changesour lives.We must leamn from many teachers as we grow up and grow old;and we must leamto recognize the good ones.The great teacher is the one who wants to become obsolete in thelife of the student.The good teacher is the one who teaches lessons and moves on,celebratingthe students growth.The Talmud relates the story of a disciple in an academy who won anargument over the position held by God in the academy on high.The question is asked,Whathappened in heaven?The answer:God clapped hands in joy,saying,My children havevanquished me,my children have vanquished.That is a model for the teacher-to enjoylosing an argument to a student,to recognize his or her contribution,to let the student surpassthe teacher.In the encounter with the teacher who takes you seriously,you learn to take yourselfseriously.In the eyes of the one who sees what you can accomplish,you gain a vision ofyourself as more than you thought you were.The ideal professor is the one who inspires todream of what you can be.Everyone who succeeds in life can point to such a teacher,whetherin the classroom or on the sports field.It is always the one who cared enough to criticize,andstayed around to praise.To define an ideal for their work,let me offer guidelines on how to treat professors theway we treat students.The conscientious professors spend time reading and thinking about科目名称：英语共9页第1页studentspapers,inscribing their comments and even discussing with students the strengthsand weaknesses of their work.Since effective teaching requires capturing the studentsimagination,the professor who is a characteris apt,whether liked or disliked,to make aprofound impression and perhaps also to leave a mark on the studentsminds.The drabprofessors,not gossiped about and not remembered except for what they taught,may find thateven what they taught is forgotten.Students have their own definitions of good and bad.Let us consider how students evaluatetheir teachers,examining in tumn the A,B,and C professors.We will begin at the bottom ofone scale and work our way up.Let us at the same time consider what kind of student seekswhich grade.1.From this passage we know that the author thinks a lot of professors whoA.offers students pleasant experiences in their studiesB.often meets students and exchange ideas with themC.enjoys the growth of studentsD.encourages students to achieve their goals2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that a good teacherA.tries every means to shape the characters of studentsB.keep pace with timesC.feels happy to see students outdo himD.helps students aim high3.The sentence.the ones who pick themselves up and try again have learned a lesson thatwill save them for a lifetime.in Paragraph I means thatA.The students who have got continuous help from professors will move along a smoothway in their lifeB.The students who are able to get up after a fall can be successful in their lifeC.The students whom the professors have provided right guidelines to will be unlikely tohave mishaps in their life.D.The students who can draw on his experience of failure will be benefited for all theirlife4.The word“drab”in Paragraph4 is closest in meaning to“_”A.dullB.criticalC.effective D.impressivePassage TwoIt is easier to get divorced today than in times past,but it is no less painful.Studies haveshown that both men and women suffer significant stress at two key points:before thedecision to divorce and at the time of the final separation.Poor health,difficulty in sleepingand working,loneliness,depression,anxiety,lowered self-esteem,and impaired memory areall associated with the divorce process.In their study of 252 men and women currentlyundergoing a divorce,David A.Chiriboga and Loraine Cutler found that men were morevulnerable to stress than women.At the same time,close to 50 percent of both men andwomen reported that they felt some relief as a result of having initiated the divorce process.The children of a couple planning to divorce also share in the pain,especially immediatelyfollowing the separation.In their study of family breakup,Judith S.Wallerstein and Joan B.科目名称：英语共9页第2Kelly found that parents rarely prepare their children for the coming crisis,nor do theyprovide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for.Preoccupied by theirpersonal problems,the parents are often insensitive to their childrens anger,fear or perplexity.When divorce necessitates that the mother go to work,the child may be placed in unfamiliarchild care arrangements,and both mother and father become substantially less available.Thefirst year following a divorce is typically the most stressful for the parents and for the child.In the long run,however,divorce is not necessarily psychologically damaging to children,particularly when both parents remain accessible and loving.Whatever the pain that divorce inflicts,it does not seem to sour people on the institutionof marriage.A fourth of the people who get divorced are remarried within the year,and 75percent remarry within nine years of divorce.About five of every six divorced men and threeof every four divorced women marry again.One reason that men are more likely to remarrythan women is that men typically marry younger women.When we consider that by agetwenty-seven women begin outnumbering men,we can see how middle-aged and older menhave a larger pool of potential partners from which to choose than do women.In sum,whilemarriage may be difficult to sustain,it is certainly not going out of style.5.According to the passage,women suffer significant stress whenA.they are forced to leave their childrenB.the property is dividedC.making up their mind to get a divorceD.going to a court6.The divorced parents ignore their childrens anger and fear becauseA.they are poorly prepared for the coming crisisB.they are under great stressC.they think too much about their own problemsD.they have to live on their own7 From this passage we can know thatA.divorce may do greater harm to children mentally and physically than the parentsB.family breakup can be avoided if the couples personal problems are settledC.marriage remains popular in spite of rising divorce rateD.children will lose the parental care and love after their parents get divorced.8.According to the passage,the percentage of remarrying man is higher than that of thewomen byA.25%B.75%C.8%+D.27%Passage ThreeBefore the mid 1860s,the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited,in thesense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River,approximately the center of the country.Atthe point the trains turned their freight,mail,and passengers over to steamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.This meant that wagon freighting,stage coaching,and steam boating did notcome to an end when the first train appeared;rather they became supplements or feeders.Each new end of trackbecame a center for animal drawn or waterborne transportation.Themajor effect of the railroad was to shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older,slower,and more costly means.Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870sand 1880s and into the 1890s.科目名称：英语共9页第3页distance between groups.For instance,a businessman might look at a boy with green hair andmultiple piercings as an outsider.But to another person,the boy behaves strictly suitably.Hedresses a certain way to deliver the message of rebellion and separation,but within that group,the look is uniform.Acceptance or rejection of a style is a reaction to the society we live in.Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it.Clothes create awordless means of communication that we all understand,according to Katherine Hamnett,atop British fashion designer.Hamnett became popular when her t-shirts with large messageslike Choose Lifewere worn by several rock bands.Fashion is an endless popularity contest.High fashion is the style of a small group of menand women with a certain taste and authority in the fashion world.People of wealth andposition,buyers for major department stores,editors and writers for fashion magazines are allpart of High Fashion.Some of these expensive and often artistic fashions may triumph andbecome the fashion for the larger majority.Most stay on the runway.Popular fashions are close to impossible to trace.No one can tell how the short skirts andboots worn by teenagers in England in 1960 made it to the runways of Paris,or how bluejeans became so popular in the U.S.,or how hip-hop made it from the streets of the Bronx tothe fashion shows of London and Milan.In the perspective of costume history,it is plain that the dress of any given period isexactly suited to the actual climate of the time.according to James Laver,a noted Englishcostume historian.How did bell-bottom jeans fade into the designer jeans and boots look ofthe 1980s into the baggy look of the 1990s?Nobody really knows.13.According to the second paragraph,the example that teenagers everywhere dressed likeElvis Presley in the 1950s shows thatA.there is constant change in the fashion worldB.stars set world-wide trends in fashionC.fashion is something we deal with everydayD.teenagers can show themselves off with what they are wearing14.A boy with green hair and multiple piercingsA.might be looked down upon by a businessmanB.delivers the message of rebellion and separation to all the peopleC.manages to reveals that his style is uniqueD.might be accepted by some people in the society.15.Which of the following is not included among popular fashions?A.short bootsB.baggy skirts C.hip-hop D.bell-bottom jeans16.Which of the following is not true of fashion in terms of this passage?A.People can get some ideas of a person by fashion he wears.B.Most of expensive and artistic fashions fail to be popular with common people.C.The fashion world is characterized by constant changes.D.Popular fashions are of great help to trace costume history.Passage FiveHackers never were part of the mainstream establishment,but their current reputation as科目名称：英语共9页第5页