翻译硕士英语2011.pdf

青岛大学青岛大学 2011 年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题 科目代码：科目代码：211 科目名称：科目名称：翻译硕士英语翻译硕士英语 (共共 9 页页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 PART I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(20 Points)There are forty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country,_ by the police each time.A.had been captured B.being always captured C.only to be captured D.unfortunately captured 2.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A.but B.nor C.like D.as 3.Hes _ as a“bellyacher”hes always complaining about something.A.who is known B.whom is known C.what is known D.which is known 4._ he always tries his best to complete it on time.A.However the task is hard B.However hard the task is C.Though hard the task is D.Though hard is the task 5.My cousin likes eating very much,but he isnt very _ about the food he eats.A.special B.peculiar C.particular D.specific 6.One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,in the San Francisco area.A.remarkably B.severely C.drastically D.predominantly 7.More often than not,it is difficult to _ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.A.exchange B.transfer C.convey D.convert 8.The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think it best to_.A.engage B.devote C.seek D.pursue 9.The local authorities realized the need to make _for elderly people in their housing programs.A.preparation B.requirement C.specification D.provision 10._I sympathize,I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.A.As long as B.As C.While D.Even 11.During the famine,many people were _ to going without food for days.A.sunk B.reduced C.forced D.declined 12.You must insist that students give a truthful answer _ with the reality of their 1 world.A.relevant B.simultaneous C.consistent D.practical 13.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth,wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.A.is B.been C.be D.being 14.Time _,the celebration will be held as scheduled.A.permit B.permitting C.permitted D.permits 15._ I like economics,I like sociology much better.A.As mush as B.So much C.How much D.Much as 16.With _ exceptions,the former president does not appear in public now.A.rare B.unusual C.extraordinary D.unique 17.He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.A.eradication B.exclusion C.extension D.inclusion 18.She answered with an _ No to the request that she attend the public hearing.A.eloquent B.effective C.emotional D.emphatic 19.Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is _ with life.A.vibrant B.violent C.energetic D.full 20._ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A.I was and always will be B.I have to be and always will be C.I had been and always will be D.I have been and always will be PART II READING COMPREHENSION(50 Points)In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1 A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes.Most typical history courses concentrate on politics,economics,and war.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people,but also religious beliefs,emotions,and psychology.In addition,information about the daily activities of our ancestorsor of people very different from our owncan be provided by art.In short,art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place,and a study of it clearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.In history books,objective information about the political life of a country is presented;that is,facts about politics are given,but opinions are not expressed.Art,on the other hand,is subjective:it reflects emotions and opinions.The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly“political”artist.In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808,he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people.Over a hundred years later,symbolic images were used in Pablo Picassos Guernica to express the horror of war.Meanwhile,on another continent,the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera,Jose Clemente Orozco,and David Alfaro Siqueirosas well 2 as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinesdepicted these Mexican artists deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way,art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs.For hundreds of years in Europe,religious art was almost the only type of art that existed.Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible.Although most people couldnt read,they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls.By contrast,one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was(and still is)its absence of human and animal images.This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.1.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history_.A.show us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values.B.provide us with information about the daily activities of people in the past.C.give us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place.D.all of the above.2.Art is subjective in that_.A.a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it.B.it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems.C.it will find a ready echo in our hearts.D.both B and C.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Unlike Francisco Goya,Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings.B.History books often reveal the compilers political views.C.Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.D.All the above mentioned.4.The passage is mainly discussing_.A.the difference between general history and art history.B.The making of art history.C.What can we learn from art.D.The influence of artists on art history.5.In may be concluded from this passage that_.A.Islamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images of flowers or geometric forms.B.History teachers are more objective than general history.C.It is more difficult to study art history than general history.D.People and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible.Passage 2 Nineteenth-century writers in the United States,whether they wrote novels,short stories,poems,or plays,were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years.In fact,3 writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830s.By the 1850s,the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation.Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad both as a boon to democracy and as an object of suspicion.The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature;furthermore,in its manifestation of speed and noise,it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.By the 1850s and 1860s,there was a great distrust among writer intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force.Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values.A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.For the most part,the literature in which the railroad plays an important role belongs to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art.One thinks of melodramas,boys books,thrillers,romances,and the like rather than novels of the first rank.In the railroads prime years,between 1890 and 1920,there were a few individuals in the United States,most of them with solid railroading experience behind them,who made a profession of writhing about railroading-works offering the ambience of stations,yards,and locomotive cabs.These writers,who can genuinely be said to have created a genre,the“railroad novel,”are now mostly forgotten,their names having faded from memory.But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writing will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.6.With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned?A.The role of the railroad in the economy of the Unite States B.Major nineteenth-century writers C.The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature D.The railroad as a subject for literature 7.In the first paragraph,the author implies that writers reactions to the development of railroads were A.highly enthusiastic B.both positive and negative C.unchanging D.disinterested 8.According to the passage,the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of the following kinds of books EXCEPT A.thrillers B.boys books C.important novels D.romances 9.The author mentions all of the following as being true about the literature of railroads EXCEPT that A.many of its writers had experience working on railroads B.many of the books were set in railroad stations and yards C.the books were well known during the railroads prime years D.quite a few of the books are still popular today 4 10.What is the authors attitude toward the“railroad novels”and other books about railroads written between 1890 and 1920?A.They have much literary importance as the books written by Emerson,Thoreau,and Adams.B.They are good examples of the effects industry and business had on the literature of the United States.C.They contributed to the weakening of traditional values.D.They are worth reading as sources of knowledge about the impact of railroads on life in the United States.Passage 3 The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management,the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye,in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyones experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead.Coleman is black.He spent 11 years with IBM,half of them working in management development,and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T,Coca Cola,Prudential,and Merch.Coleman says that based on what hes seen at big companies,he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows:performance counts a mere 10%,image,30%;and exposure,a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases,it wont secure you the big promotion.He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work,and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs?Not to many people,especially many women and members of minority races who,like Coleman,feel that the scales(障眼物)have dropped from their eyes.Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,says Kaleel Jamison,a New York based management consultant who helps corporation s deal with these issues.They think that if you work hard,youll get ahead-that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.She adds,Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down(使不突出)their visibility.Her advice to those folks:learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.11.According to the passage,things formerly judged to be best left unsaid(Line 2,Para.1)probably refers to _.A.criticisms that shape everyones experience B.the opinions which contradict the established beliefs C.the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye D.the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways of management in the organization 12.To achieve success in your career,the most important factor,according to the 5 passage,is to _.A.let your superiors know how good you are B.project a favorable image to the people around you C.work as a consultant to your superiors D.perform well your tasks given by your superiors 13.The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they _.A.know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion B.want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs C.dont want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color D.believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color 14.The author is of the opinion that Colemans beliefs are _.A.biased B.popular C.insightful D.superficial 15.The best title for this passage would be _.A.Role of Women and Minorities in Management B.The Importance of Being Visible C.Job Performance and Advancement D.Sex and Career Success Passage 4 Early in the age of affluence(富裕)that followed World War II,an American retailing analyst named Victor Elbow proclaimed,”Our enormously productive economy.demands that we make consumption our way of life,that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals,that we seek our spiritual satisfaction,our ego satisfaction,is consumption.We need things consumed,burned up,worn out,replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Elbows call,and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values.Opinion surveys in the worlds two largest economicsJapan and the United Statesshow consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the worlds fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests,soils,water,air and climate.Ironically,high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms,too.The time-honored values of integrity of character,good work,friendship,family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollowthat,misled by a consumerist culture,they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social,psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course,the opposite of overconsumptionpovertyis no solution to either environmental or human problems.It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too.Dispossessed(被剥夺得一无所有的)peasants slash-and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America,and hungry nomads(游牧民