翻译硕士英语2011（211）.pdf

电子科技大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：211翻译硕士英语注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效I.Structure and Vocabulary(30%Part A:Choose the best one from the four choices marked A.B.C and D to fill ineach blank and complete the sentences.1.Owing to its always with other elements,aluminum is never found free innatureA.having combined B.combinedC.being combined D.to combine2.There are four departments in this college,A.each having more than one hundred teachersB.each of the departments has more than one hundred teachersC.each of which having more than one hundred teachersD.which each has more than one hundred teachers3.I should like very much to have attended the birthday party,butA.I had not been invitedB.I am not invitedC.I was not invitedD.I am not being invited4.John Glem was a pioneer in the U.S.space program.A.Despite the first American who orbited the earthB.That the first American orbited the earthC.The first American to orbit the earthD.He was the first American to orbit the earth5.Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yetyou cannot agree with him?A.by whichB.thatC.in whereD.where6.Iwith thanks the help of my classmates in the preparation of this new plan.A.admitB.acknowledge C.pledgeD.admire7.The forecast predicted _ weather with snow,sunshine,wind and that is justwhat wehave had.A.variousB.variableC.fluctuatingD.varied8.To our delight,there were still some tickets for Sundays football match.A.availableB.reliableC.validD.possible9.The problems requiring immediate solution will be givenat the meeting.A.urgencyB.priorityC.superiorityD.emergency10.In most cases politicians areas they seldom tell the truth.A.credibleB.incredibleC.ridiculousD.credulousPart B:Choose the best one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D to fill ineach blank and complete the passage.Europes world status had drastically changed.Its11 nations,once greatpowers,were dwindled-politically and militarily by the United States and the SovietUnion,12 by them and by India and China,economically by the United States,Japan,and-13 new economic powers that might 14.Europes empires had beenwidely separate;and yet,like the rest of the worlds rich Northern Hemisphere,it couldnot 15 the poor and hungry millions in the South.All the more reason,16,forEuropean countries to come together-not merely to hold their own political andeconomic superpowers but also to.17their power to meet their widerresponsibilities in the world.20th century Europe hadwitnessed and.18extraordinarily rapidtechnological changes.Computers,industrial robots,and genetic engineering are onlyits most 19recent examples.The splitting of the atom had 20 magnifiedhumanitys power to destroy itself.Jet aircraft,space travel,and electronictelecommunications had revolutionized the sense of 21 and scale.Radio andtelevision,still _22_ the cinema,had become truly mass media,with satellitesgiving all broadcasts global 23.24 economic progress had not kept pace with technology;in a world ofpotential 25 and well-being,there were still both poverty and pollution.Politicalprogress had been 26 still.International cooperation was increasing,but the basicpolitical unit remained the nation-state.That _27from an age when the fastestmeans of travel have been a galloping horse.This was_28_the founders of the EC,asMonnet said,were not concerned to make coalition of states29 to unite people.A united Europe along these lines,with 30 rules anddemocratic institutions,was in his eyes a pilot plant for a united world.11.A.separateB.singleC.individualD.isolated12.A.physicallyB.commerciallyC.financiallyD.numerically13.A.anyB.someC.manyD.each14.A.demonstrateB.emergeC.presentD.display15.A.show offB.shrug offC.send offD.ward off16.A.howeverB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.meanwhile17.A.maximizeB.enlargeC.expandD.extend18.A.shared inB.taken inC.dealt inD.resulted in19.A.seriousB.severeC.fatalD.obvious20.A.fundamentallyB.vastlyC.completelyD.thoroughly21.A.spanB.locationC.measurementD.distance22.A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.sooner than23.A.scopeB.territoryC.rangeD.context24.A.SoB.WhileC.ButD.Thus25.A.scarcityB.shortageC.surplusD.plenty26.A.slowerB.fasterC.steadierD.sounder27.A.differedB.descendedC.datedD.detached28.A.howB.whyC.whatD.where29.A.instead ofB.butC.andD.than30.A.commonB.regularC.averageD.meanII.Reading(40%)Read the following passages and-answer the questions or complete the sentencesbelow by choosing the best one from the four choice marked A.B.C.or D.Passage 1Traditionally,the study of history has hadfixed boundaries and focalpoints-periods,countries,dramatic events,and great leaders,It also has had clear andfirm notions of scholarly procedure:how one inquires into a historical problem,howone presents and documents ones findings,what constitutes admissible and adequateproof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolutionthat is taking place in historical studies.The currently fashionable subjects comedirectly from the sociology catalog:childhood,work,leisure.The new subjects areaccompanied by new methods.Where history once was primarily narrative,it is nowentirely analytic.The old questions What happened?and How did it happen?havegiven way to the question Why did it happen?Prominent among the methods used toanswer the question Why is psychoanalysis,and its use has given rise topsychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations inhistorical contexts.Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate andwhen there was sufficient evidence for them.But this pragmatic use of psychology isnot what psycho-historians intend.They are committed,not just to psychology ingeneral,but to Freudian psychoanalysis.This commitment precludes a commitment tohistory as historians have always understood it.Psycho history derives its facts notfrom history,the detailed records of events and their consequences,but frompsychoanalysis of the individuals who made history,and deduces its theories not fromthis or that instance in their lives,but from a view of human nature that transcendshistory.It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence:that evidence be publiclyaccessible to,and therefore assessable by,all historians.And it violates the basic tenetof historical method:that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refutetheir theses.Psycho-historians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their owntheories,are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event,andthat other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history(in the sense of theproper mode of studying and writing about the past);it also violates the past itself.Itdenies to the past an integrity and will of its own,in which people acted out of a varietyof motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects.It imposes uponthe past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present,thus robbing people andevents of their individuality and of their complexity.Instead of respecting theparticularity of the past,it assimilates all events,past and present,into a singledeterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.31.Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?A.The approach of psycho-historians to historical study is currently in vogue eventhough itlacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings ofpsycho-historians.C.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest totraditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is moreinformative than the details of his or her daily life.32.It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history canbe distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usuallyA.views past events as complex and having their own individualityB.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historicaleventsC.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature istranscendedD.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account forevents33.It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psycho-historiansprobably prevent them fromA.presenting their material in chronological orderB.producing a one-sided picture of an individuals personality and motivationsC.uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question theirown conclusionsD.offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historicalevents34.In presenting her analysis,the author does all of the following EXCEPTA.make general statement without reference to specific examplesB.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.question the adequacy of the psycho-historians interpretation of eventsD.point out inconsistencies in the psycho-historians application of theirmethodsPassage 2A Suitably Massive MiddlemarchE.M.Foster-whose own novels have proved good meat for those whore-cookold novels into TV miniseries and Hollywood winners-once wrote that it is on hermassiveness that George Eliot depends-she has no nicety of style.There is a degree of truth in the comment-its first part,anyway.Middlemarch,long considered this English Victorian novelists masterpiece,is certainly no miniature.When the BBCs suitably massive television adaptation of Middlemarch was airedin Britain,it became compulsive viewing for millions-and more than 105,000 of themwent out and bought the book(others of us already owned it and lifted it off the shelf)It is one of the fascinations of television that,while it is more than ever heldresponsible for luring the world into illiteracy,it can also powerfully attract viewers tobuy-and even(who knows?)to read-some of the great classics.Whoever reads the book after seeing the series will find it virtually impossible notto see the characters in his or her minds eye exactly as the cast of actors portrays them.But half the fun of comparing the inevitably leaner TV version-cut,edited,andsometimes re-arranged-with the steady unfolding of the original novel is in assessingthe pluses and minuses of turning written pages Into screen Images.In the opinion of those who know,Eliot was a potentially first-rate TV writer.In a