2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）.pdf

未得到监考教师指令前，不得翻阅该试题册2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning.Try to imaginewhat will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.You arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)The project the man managed at CucinTech.B)The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The mans switch to a new career.D)The restructuring of her company.2.A)Talented personnel.C)Competitive products.B)Strategic innovationD)Effective promotion.3.A)Expand the market.C)Innovate constantly.B)Recruit more talents.D)Watch out for his competitors.4.A)Possible bankruptcy.C)Conflicts within the company.B)Unforeseen difficulties.D)Imitation by ones competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)The job of an interpreter.B)The stress felt by professionals.C)The importance of language proficiency.D)The best way to effective communication.6.A)Promising.C)Rewarding.B)Admirable.D)Meaningful.7.A)They all have a strong interest in language.B)They all have professional qualifications.C)They have all passed language proficiency tests.D)They have all studied cross-cultural differences.18.A)It requires a much larger vocabulary.B)It attaches more importance to accuracy.C)It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D)It puts ones long-term memory under more stress.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three orfour questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear aquestion,you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA),B),C)and D).Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)It might affect mothershealth.B)It might disturb infantssleep.C)It might increase the risk of infantsdeath.D)It might increase mothersmental distress.10.A)Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B)Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C)Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babieshealth.D)Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11.A)Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies.B)Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C)Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D)Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B)The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C)The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D)More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13.A)To set up more language schools.C)To educate native American children.B)To document endangered languages.D)To revitalise Americas native languages.14.A)The US governments policy of Americanising Indian children.B)The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C)The US governments unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D)The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15.A)It is being utilised to teach native languages.B)It tells traditional stories during family time.C)It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D)It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or fourquestions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).,Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B)It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C)It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D)It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.217.A)Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B)Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C)Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D)Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18.A)To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B)To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C)To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D)To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)They measured the depths of sea water.C)They explored the ocean floor.B)They analyzed the water content.D)They investigated the ice.20.A)Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B)Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C)The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D)The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.A)Arctic ice is a major source of the worlds fresh water.B)The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C)The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D)Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22.A)It will do a lot of harm to mankind.C)It will advance nuclear technology.B)There is no easy way to understand it.D)There is no easy technological solution to it.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B)The relation between childrens self-control and their future success.C)The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D)The deciding factor in childrens academic performance.24.A)Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B)Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C)Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D)Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25.A)Self-control can be improved through education.B)Self-control can improve ones financial situation.C)Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D)Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.PartlReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear-man-made creations assmart and capable as we are but without a moral compass.As robots take on ever more complex roles,thequestion naturally 26:Who will be responsible when they do something wrong?Manufacturers?Users?3.Software writers?The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time,money and energy.In the future,they will improve our health care,socialwelfare and standard of living.The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 ena-ble lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-and distract-ed-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots,from street cleaning to foodpreparation.But there are30_to be problems.Robot cars will crash.A drone(遥控飞行器)operator will_3Lsomeones privacy.A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbors cat.Juries sympathetic to the32 ofmachines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages.What should governmentsdo to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big,complicated systems on which much public safety depends,like driverless cars,should be built,35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents.Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on themanufacturers driving record,not the passengers.A)arisesD)manifestingB)ascendsJ)penaltiesC)boundK)preservingD)combinationL)programmedE)definiteM)proximatelyF)eventuallyN)victimsG)interfereO)widespreadH)invadeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is markedwith a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical CostsAAmericans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurancepremiums.They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.The answer is that no one has aneasy fix for rising medical costs.The fundamental fix-reshaping how care is delivered and how doctorsare paid in a wasteful,abnormal system-is likely to be achieved only through trial and error andincremental(渐进的)gains.BThe good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate FinanceCommittee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs overthe long term.As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,Pretty much everyproposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures.CMedical spending,which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,is propelled by twothings:the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary caredelivered by doctors and hospitals,which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patientreally needs.DHere are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems,and why it is hard to know how well they will work.EBoth bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes andother providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industrieswith the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work.This proposal could save Medicaremore than$100 billion over the next decade.If private plans demanded similar productivity savingsfrom providers,and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them,the savings could be much4larger.Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过).That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong pay-go rules requiring that any increasein payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.F The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost morethan$8,000 for an individual or$21,000 for a family.It would most likely cause insurers to redesignplans to fal beneath the threshold.Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services outof their own pockets,and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive orredundant test was worth it.Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensivehealth benefits into wages.The House bill has no similar tax.The final legislation should.G Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers,or patients who have triedto understand their own parade of statements,know that simplification ought to save money.Whenthe health insurance industry was stil cooperating in reform efforts,its trade group offered to providestandardized forms for automated processing.It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions ofdollars over the next decade.The bills would lock that pledge into law.H The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient,paper-driven medical system toelectronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted.This requires open investments to helpdoctors convert.In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests,preventing druginteractions,and helping doctors find the best treatments.I Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service systemdoctors are rewarded for the quantity of carerather than its quality or effectivenessis a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.Most agre thatthe solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patientsneeds over a year.No one knows how to make that happen quickly.The bills in both houses would startpilot projects within Medicare.They include such measures as accountable care organizations to takecharge of a patients needs with an eye on both cost and quality,and chronic disease management to makesure the seriously ill,who are responsible for the bulk of al health care costs,are treated properly.For themost part,these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.J Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and thebad ones are dropped.The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilotprograms and recommend changes in Medicares payment policies to urge providers to adopt reformsthat work.The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress,making it hardfor narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.K The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses andindividuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option.All the plans wouldhave to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare.To get access to millions ofnew customers,insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange.And the head-to-headcompetition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices,perhaps by accepting slimmerprofit margins or demanding better deals from providers.L The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition,but thanks to the fierce opposition ofthe insurance industry and Republican critics,it might not save much money.The one in the House billwould have to negotiate rates with providers,rather than using Medicare rates,as many reformers wanted.M The presidents stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well varioustreatments work.Is surgery,radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer?Is thelatest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors?Thepending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.N Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would be true onlyif you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.)Asa result,the bills do not require,as they should,that the results of these studies be used to set paymentrates in Medicare.O Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven tobe superior.Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive.But overall,we suspect thatspending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests andtreatments.5.P The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices inMedicare and Medicaid.Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals thanprivate insurers already get.We believe negotiation could work.It does in other countries.Q Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs.Malpractice awards do driveup insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties,and there is some evidence that doctorsengage in defensive medicine by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are notnegligent should they get sued.36.Witha tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans,most employers wil likely transfer money fromhealth expenses into wages.37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard toinfluence lawmakers.38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.40.Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation ofa public insurance plan.41.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent druginteractions.42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount ofcare rather than its effect.44.Contrary to analysts doubts,the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs,farmers in developing countries are using rawsewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland,according to a new reportand it may not be a bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many,those dangers are outweighed by the social andeconomic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban con-sumers,said Liqa Raschid-Sally,who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas,where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food.Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes.Unlike developed cities,however,these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities,and rivers effectively become sewers(下水道).When this water is used for agricultural irrigation,farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria,asdo consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed.Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because ofdiarrhea-related(与腹泻相关的)diseases,according to WHO statistics.More than 80%of those cases canbe attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of propersanitation.But Pay Drechsel,an en-vironmental scientist,argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to growfood outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education,he said,while the free water andnutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.Agriculture is a water-intensive business,accounting for nearly 70%of global fresh water consumption.In poor,dry regions,untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business.In some cases,water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.6